American History Chapter 7
Why did Congress submit the Olive Branch Petition to King George? to preserve unity with the moderates
In addition to British soldiers, English commanders also use mercenaries known as __ against American rebels? Hessians
According to the philosophy Thomas Jefferson expressed in the Declaration of Independence, what was the primary responsibility of government? to protect the natural rights of people
What was Washington’s basic tactic during the Revolutionary War? to lead the British on chases because he lacked sufficient soldiers to confront them
How did New Englanders react to the fighting at Lexington and Concord? More than 20,000 militia gathered in Boston to evict General Thomas Gage and his troops
American History Week 9 Quiz
QUESTION 1
What event heightened concerns in 1800 that the nation might not survive, but fracture?
The Hamilton-Burr duel.
The Blair Witch conspiracy.
The Gabriel slave conspiracy.
The Ostend Manifesto.
10 points
QUESTION 2
The death of the Shawnee leader Tecumseh marked the end of what?
Efforts to force Indians to live on reservations.
Indian slavery in the “dark and bloody ground” of Kentucky.
Organized Indian resistance to white advances east of the Mississippi River.
The belief that the Prophet’s medicine would stop bullets.
10 points
QUESTION 3
Textile mills operated by Francis Cabot Lowell drew on what group for its primary labor resource?Immigrants, especially from southern Europe.
Men who had families to support.
Unmarried women.
Regional farmers, especially during winter months.
10 points
QUESTION 4
The Erie Canal allowed for the transportation of goods fromNew York City to Pittsburgh.Boston to Amherst.
Philadelphia to Pittsburgh.Buffalo to New York City.
10 points
QUESTION 5
What was the theme of Thomas Jefferson’s inaugural address?He called for war against pirates operating along the Barbary Coast.He urged Americans to bear any burden to maintain freedom.
He attempted to put partisan bitterness of the previous decade to rest.He announced a New Deal for the American people to help them recover from a depressed economy.
10 points
QUESTION 6
Chief Justice John Marshall, writing for the Supreme Court in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), ruled thatA state could not tax an institution created by the federal government because the power to tax it could lead to the power to destroy it.
A federal income tax was prohibited by the constitutional proscription against a direct tax not apportioned by states.A slave was not automatically free just because he was transported to an area where slavery was not established by law.Maryland could not force a change in Jack McCulloch’s contract to operate a ferry across Chesapeake Bay.
10 points
QUESTION 7
On June 1, 1812, after continuing interference with American shipping, President Madison asked Congress to declare war onSpain, after Florida-based Indians raided in Georgia and Alabama and Spain did nothing to stop it.
France, because Napoleon violated his pledge to allow American ships access to continental ports.
England, because the British navy continued to stop American vessels and impress American sailors into the British service.
France and England, because both continued to violate the neutrality of the United States.
10 points
QUESTION 8
The Americans’ greatest military victory, ironically achieved after the War of 1812 had officially ended, wasAndrew Jackson’s defeat of a British invasion of New Orleans.Edward Packenham’s invasion of England in 1815.
Winfield Scott’s victory over Tecumseh and British allies at Tippecanoe Creek.
William Henry Harrison’s triumph over Creeks and British agents at Horseshoe Bend.
10 points
QUESTION 9
What innovation made the most dramatic difference to transportation in antebellum travel?
Stagecoaches with steel springs instead of leather springs.
New ship designs, especially the clipper ship.
Steel axles on Lancaster wagons.
The steam engine.
10 points
QUESTION 10
How did Judge John Marshall use the case of Marbury v. Madison to expand the authority of the Supreme Court?By holding the actions of lower courts in error and ordering a new trial for Marbury.
By overruling Marbury and ordering him to award Madison his patent.
He established the Court’s judicial review to rule on the constitutionality of executive and legislative actions.
By establishing the principle of state reciprocity.
American History Chapter 12
1. For what purposes did Whigs want to enhance the strength of the federal government?
a. For crime prevention.
b. For national defense.
c. For moral legislation.
d. For economic development.
Answer: c. For moral legislation.
2. What policy did the new Republic of Texas follow with regard to its status among nations?
a. It was determined to remain independent and competitive with the United States for control of manifest destiny.
b. It wanted to join the British Empire for trade advantages.
c. It hoped for reconciliation with Mexico if the Constitution of 1824 was restored.
d. It wanted annexation to the United States as soon as possible.
Answer: d. It wanted annexation to the United States as soon as possible.
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3. The completion of the last of the eastern Indian “removals” marked the beginning of a federal policy toward:
a. Rehabilitation.
b. Extermination.
c. Reservations.
d. Segregation.
Answer: c. Reservations.
4. What kind of economy developed rapidly in Texas in the 1820s?
a. An animal husbandry economy based on cattle drives to eastern markets.
b. A mineral economy based on petroleum production.
c. A maritime economy based on trade via the Gulf of Mexico.
d. A cotton economy dependent on slavery.
Answer: d. A cotton economy dependent on slavery.
5. As a result of the coming of white Americans to the Southwest:
a. Mexican-Americans acquired new political and civil rights.
b. Mexican-Americans were forced to migrate to Latin America.
c. Mexican-Americans saw a deterioration in their economic standing.
d. Mexican-Americans were provided with many new and better opportunities.
Answer: c. Mexican-Americans saw a deterioration in their economic standing.
6. What stood at the center of the economy for all Plains Indians?
a. Skilled labor.
b. Water supply.
c. Bison.
d. Horses.
Answer: c. Bison.
7. What term suggests the belief of white Americans that by right they should occupy the North American continent?
a. Manifest destiny.
b. White man’s burden.
c. E pluribus unum.
d. Pax Americana.
Answer: a. Manifest destiny.
8. Why did the presidency of John Tyler throw the Whig Party into chaos?
a. His economic policies were far ahead of his time.
b. He reverted back to his Democratic roots.
c. He only stayed in office for a month or so before he died unexpectedly.
d. His maneuvers toward a war with Mexico worried most party members.
Answer: b. He reverted back to his Democratic roots.
9. Most immigrants who followed missionaries to Oregon Territory were:
a. Fishermen following the annual salmon runs.
b. Farm families of modest means.
c. Religious separatists seeking isolation in the West.
Answer: b. Farm families of modest means.
10. Why did the presidency of John Tyler throw the Whig Party into chaos?
a. His economic policies were far ahead of his time.
b. He reverted back to his Democratic roots.
c. He only stayed in office for a month or so before he died unexpectedly.
d. His maneuvers toward a war with Mexico worried most party members.
Answer: b. He reverted back to his Democratic roots.
11. Most immigrants who followed missionaries to Oregon Territory were:
a. Fishermen following the annual salmon runs.
b. Farm families of modest means.
c. Religious separatists seeking isolation in the West.
d. Urban workers looking for factory jobs.
Answer: b. Farm families of modest means.
12. What was the purpose of the Missouri Compromise of 1820?
a. To abolish slavery nationwide.
b. To maintain the balance between free and slave states.
c. To establish a national bank.
d. To expand voting rights.
Answer: b. To maintain the balance between free and slave states.
13. What sparked the California Gold Rush in 1848?
a. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill.
b. The annexation of California by the United States.
c. The completion of the transcontinental railroad.
d. The signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
Answer: a. The discovery of gold at Sutter's Mill.
14. What was the significance of the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision?
a. It ruled that enslaved individuals could sue for freedom.
b. It upheld the legality of slavery in all U.S. territories.
c. It declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
d. It granted voting rights to African Americans.
Answer: c. It declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
15. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided:
a. Free land to settlers willing to farm it for five years.
b. Employment for railroad workers.
c. Funds for rebuilding the South after the Civil War.
d. Citizenship to immigrants who worked in agriculture.
Answer: a. Free land to settlers willing to farm it for five years.
16. Which event led to the secession of Southern states from the Union?
a. The passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
b. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
c. The attack on Fort Sumter.
d. The signing of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Answer: b. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president.
17. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau after the Civil War?
a. To negotiate treaties with Native Americans.
b. To provide assistance to newly freed slaves.
c. To expand industrial production in the South.
d. To regulate the cotton trade.
Answer: b. To provide assistance to newly freed slaves.
18. What was the result of the Supreme Court’s decision in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)?
a. It ended segregation in public schools.
b. It upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
c. It declared poll taxes unconstitutional.
d. It granted voting rights to African Americans.
Answer: b. It upheld racial segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.
19. What event marked the beginning of the American Revolution?
a. The Boston Tea Party.
b. The Battles of Lexington and Concord.
c. The signing of the Declaration of Independence.
d. The Boston Massacre.
Answer: b. The Battles of Lexington and Concord.
20. The Great Compromise during the Constitutional Convention resulted in:
a. The abolition of slavery.
b. A bicameral legislature with representation by population and equality.
c. The establishment of judicial review.
d. The expansion of presidential powers.
Answer: b. A bicameral legislature with representation by population and equality.
21. What was the primary motivation for the Lewis and Clark expedition?
a. To establish trade with Native American tribes.
b. To explore and map the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.
c. To find a trade route to Asia.
d. To locate gold in the western United States.
Answer: b. To explore and map the newly acquired Louisiana Territory.
22. What was the significance of the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848?
a. It initiated the abolitionist movement.
b. It was the first women’s rights convention in the U.S.
c. It marked the start of the temperance movement.
d. It led to the drafting of the Emancipation Proclamation.
Answer: b. It was the first women’s rights convention in the U.S.
23. Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude?
a. The 13th Amendment
b. The 14th Amendment
c. The 15th Amendment
d. The 19th Amendment
Answer: c. The 15th Amendment
24. What was the main effect of the Dawes Act of 1887 on Native Americans?
a. It granted Native Americans U.S. citizenship.
b. It promoted tribal unity by preserving communal land.
c. It aimed to assimilate Native Americans into U.S. society by dividing tribal lands.
d. It gave Native Americans the right to vote.
Answer: c. It aimed to assimilate Native Americans into U.S. society by dividing tribal lands.
25. The policy of containment during the Cold War was designed to:
a. Increase the nuclear arsenal of the United States.
b. Promote free trade between the U.S. and Soviet Union.
c. Prevent the spread of communism.
d. Strengthen ties with colonial empires.
Answer: c. Prevent the spread of communism.
26. The outcome of the Battle of Gettysburg (1863) was significant because:
a. It marked the end of the Civil War.
b. It was a turning point that weakened Confederate forces significantly.
c. It resulted in the capture of Confederate President Jefferson Davis.
d. It secured Union control of the Mississippi River.
Answer: b. It was a turning point that weakened Confederate forces significantly.
27. What was the main cause of the War of 1812?
a. Border disputes with Canada.
b. British interference with American shipping and impressment of sailors.
c. Disagreements over the annexation of Texas.
d. A desire to expand into Mexican territory.
Answer: b. British interference with American shipping and impressment of sailors.
28. What was the Harlem Renaissance?
a. A period of economic prosperity for African Americans in the North.
b. A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature.
c. A political movement advocating for civil rights.
d. An effort to end segregation in public schools.
Answer: b. A cultural movement celebrating African American art, music, and literature.
29. What was the purpose of the Federalist Papers?
a. To propose amendments to the Articles of Confederation.
b. To advocate for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
c. To support the independence of the American colonies.
d. To promote the abolition of slavery.
Answer: b. To advocate for the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
30. What was the purpose of the Truman Doctrine?
a. To end segregation in the military.
b. To provide economic and military aid to countries resisting communism.
c. To rebuild Europe after World War II.
d. To promote trade between the U.S. and Asia.
Answer: b. To provide economic and military aid to countries resisting communism.
31. What was the purpose of the Reconstruction period (1865–77)?
a. To restore the U.S. economy after the Civil War.
b. To rebuild the South and reintegrate it into the Union.
c. To expand U.S. territory into the West.
d. To establish independence for former Confederate states.
Answer: b. To rebuild the South and reintegrate it into the Union.
32. What did the Wade-Davis Bill propose regarding Reconstruction?
a. Reconstruction should be led by Congress, not the president.
b. States should immediately rejoin the Union.
c. African Americans should receive reparations.
d. All Confederate leaders should be pardoned.
Answer: a. Reconstruction should be led by Congress, not the president.
33. Who were the Radical Republicans?
a. A group that sought to destroy the political power of former slaveholders.
b. Southern Democrats who supported Reconstruction.
c. A faction of Congress that opposed the Freedmen’s Bureau.
d. Supporters of President Andrew Johnson's Reconstruction policies.
Answer: a. A group that sought to destroy the political power of former slaveholders.
34. What was the main focus of the Freedmen's Bureau?
a. To rebuild Southern infrastructure.
b. To assist former slaves and poor whites with basic needs.
c. To punish Confederate leaders.
d. To regulate the cotton trade.
Answer: b. To assist former slaves and poor whites with basic needs.
35. What were Black Codes?
a. Laws aimed at restricting the rights of African Americans.
b. Federal policies encouraging migration to the South.
c. Guidelines for land distribution to freedmen.
d. Laws abolishing slavery in Southern states.
Answer: a. Laws aimed at restricting the rights of African Americans.
36. What did the Fourteenth Amendment establish?
a. Abolished slavery in the United States.
b. Provided citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
c. Granted voting rights to all citizens regardless of race.
d. Introduced term limits for U.S. presidents.
Answer: b. Provided citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
37. What did the Fifteenth Amendment guarantee?
a. Equal protection under the law for all citizens.
b. Voting rights for African Americans.
c. Citizenship for African Americans.
d. Land and reparations for freed slaves.
Answer: b. Voting rights for African Americans.
38. What is impeachment?
a. The removal of a sitting president from office.
b. The process of formally charging the president with misconduct.
c. The declaration of a presidential election invalid.
d. The pardoning of a government official.
Answer: b. The process of formally charging the president with misconduct.
39. Who were scalawags during Reconstruction?
a. Northerners who moved South after the Civil War.
b. White Southerners who supported the Republican Party.
c. Freed slaves who sought political office.
d. Radical Republicans in Congress.
Answer: b. White Southerners who supported the Republican Party.
40. What were carpetbaggers?
a. Northern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction policies.
b. Northerners who moved South after the Civil War to seek economic opportunities.
c. Southern plantation owners who regained political control.
d. Federal officials overseeing Reconstruction.
Answer: b. Northerners who moved South after the Civil War to seek economic opportunities.
41. Who was Hiram Revels?
a. A leading Radical Republican senator.
b. The first African American senator.
c. A Confederate general pardoned after the Civil War.
d. A supporter of the Black Codes.
Answer: b. The first African American senator.
42. What was sharecropping?
a. A system where landowners gave workers land, seeds, and tools in exchange for a share of their crops.
b. A federal program to distribute land to freed slaves.
c. A system where farmers rented land from plantation owners for cash.
d. A form of wage labor in Southern factories.
Answer: a. A system where landowners gave workers land, seeds, and tools in exchange for a share of their crops.
43. What was tenant farming?
a. A system where freed slaves were given land to own outright.
b. A system where workers rented land for cash and kept their harvest.
c. A federal program to redistribute plantation lands.
d. A method of farming exclusively on public lands.
Answer: b. A system where workers rented land for cash and kept their harvest.
44. What was the purpose of the 10% Plan?
a. To redistribute 10% of Southern land to freed slaves.
b. To require 10% of Southern voters to swear allegiance to the Union.
c. To tax 10% of Southern agricultural profits for Reconstruction.
d. To reduce Confederate debt by 10%.
Answer: b. To require 10% of Southern voters to swear allegiance to the Union.
45. What did the Civil Rights Act of 1866 achieve?
a. Granted voting rights to African Americans.
b. Made African Americans U.S. citizens and forbade Black Codes.
c. Ensured land ownership rights for former slaves.
d. Prohibited racial segregation in public places.
Answer: b. Made African Americans U.S. citizens and forbade Black Codes.
46. What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 establish?
a. Allowed Confederate leaders to hold office again.
b. Divided the South into military districts and set conditions for reentry into the Union.
c. Removed federal troops from Southern states.
d. Made the 13th Amendment mandatory for all states.
Answer: b. Divided the South into military districts and set conditions for reentry into the Union.
47. Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?
a. For vetoing the Civil Rights Act of 1866.
b. For attempting to violate the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
c. For refusing to ratify the 14th Amendment.
d. For pardoning Confederate leaders without congressional approval.
Answer: b. For attempting to violate the Tenure of Office Act by firing Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
48. What was the significance of the Election of 1868?
a. It marked the end of Reconstruction policies.
b. It demonstrated the political influence of African American voters.
c. It resulted in the impeachment of Ulysses S. Grant.
d. It led to the ratification of the 15th Amendment.
Answer: b. It demonstrated the political influence of African American voters.
49. What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
a. Reconstruction policies were strengthened in the South.
b. Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for removing federal troops from the South.
c. Southern states were required to ratify the 15th Amendment.
d. African Americans gained equal voting rights in all states.
Answer: b. Rutherford B. Hayes became president in exchange for removing federal troops from the South.
50. What was the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction?
a. To promote economic recovery in the South.
b. To restore Democratic control and suppress African American political rights.
c. To advocate for the enforcement of Black Codes.
d. To support federal Reconstruction policies.
Answer: b. To restore Democratic control and suppress African American political rights.
51. What was the purpose of the Freedmen’s Bureau?
a. To establish segregated schools in the South.
b. To assist former slaves and poor whites by providing food, clothing, and social services.
c. To redistribute land confiscated from Confederates.
d. To create new Southern state constitutions.
Answer: b. To assist former slaves and poor whites by providing food, clothing, and social services.
52. What were Black Codes?
a. Laws passed by Radical Republicans to punish Confederate leaders.
b. Legislation designed to promote equal rights for African Americans.
c. Southern laws that restricted the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
d. Regulations that enforced Reconstruction policies.
Answer: c. Southern laws that restricted the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
53. What was the significance of the 14th Amendment?
a. It ended slavery in the United States.
b. It granted African Americans full citizenship and equal protection under the law.
c. It allowed women to vote in federal elections.
d. It established the Freedmen’s Bureau as a permanent institution.
Answer: b. It granted African Americans full citizenship and equal protection under the law.
54. What was the goal of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
a. To punish Confederate leaders and give full rights to freed slaves.
b. To reconcile with the Southern states quickly.
c. To strengthen the presidency over Congress.
d. To limit African American participation in politics.
Answer: a. To punish Confederate leaders and give full rights to freed slaves.
55. What was a scalawag?
a. A Northern politician who moved to the South to profit from Reconstruction.
b. A Southern Democrat who supported the Ku Klux Klan.
c. A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party.
d. A freed African American who owned land.
Answer: c. A white Southerner who joined the Republican Party.
56. What was the purpose of the Enforcement Acts?
a. To outlaw the Black Codes in Southern states.
b. To protect African Americans from violence and ensure their voting rights.
c. To provide financial aid to Southern states after the war.
d. To establish federal control over Southern state governments.
Answer: b. To protect African Americans from violence and ensure their voting rights.
57. What was the Amnesty Act?
a. A law that pardoned Confederate leaders and allowed them to vote.
b. A federal program that redistributed land to freed slaves.
c. Legislation that banned racial discrimination in public facilities.
d. A Reconstruction plan to support African American businesses.
Answer: a. A law that pardoned Confederate leaders and allowed them to vote.
58. What were the Slaughterhouse Cases?
a. Supreme Court decisions that upheld Reconstruction laws.
b. Cases that weakened the federal government’s ability to protect African American rights.
c. Legal disputes over land ownership in the South.
d. Lawsuits related to corruption in the Grant administration.
Answer: b. Cases that weakened the federal government’s ability to protect African American rights.
59. What was the Panic of 1873?
a. A Southern revolt against Reconstruction policies.
b. An economic depression triggered by a major financial institution’s bankruptcy.
c. A federal budget crisis caused by overspending on Reconstruction.
d. A stock market crash caused by agricultural overproduction.
Answer: b. An economic depression triggered by a major financial institution’s bankruptcy.
60. Who were carpetbaggers?
a. Southern Democrats who opposed Reconstruction.
b. Northern Republicans who moved to the South after the war to profit from Reconstruction.
c. African American politicians elected during Reconstruction.
d. Freed slaves who established businesses in the South.
Answer: b. Northern Republicans who moved to the South after the war to profit from Reconstruction.
61. Who was Hiram Revels?
a. The leader of the Radical Republicans in Congress.
b. The first African American elected to the U.S. Senate.
c. The founder of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
d. A Confederate general who supported Reconstruction.
Answer: b. The first African American elected to the U.S. Senate.
62. What was sharecropping?
a. A farming system where landowners rented land to workers for a fixed fee.
b. A labor system where freed African Americans were paid hourly wages on plantations.
c. A system in which workers were given land, tools, and seeds in exchange for a share of the crop.
d. A form of slavery that persisted after the Civil War.
Answer: c. A system in which workers were given land, tools, and seeds in exchange for a share of the crop.
63. What led to the end of Reconstruction?
a. The 13th and 14th Amendments.
b. The Compromise of 1877, fraud in the Grant administration, and declining Northern support.
c. The continued success of Radical Republican policies.
d. The reelection of President Grant.
Answer: b. The Compromise of 1877, fraud in the Grant administration, and declining Northern support.
64. What was the main goal of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction?
a. To provide assistance to freed slaves.
b. To prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights.
c. To rebuild Southern infrastructure.
d. To negotiate peace treaties with the Union government.
Answer: b. To prevent African Americans from exercising their political rights.
65. What was the 15th Amendment?
a. It ended slavery in the United States.
b. It guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
c. It prohibited racial discrimination in housing.
d. It gave women the right to vote.
Answer: b. It guaranteed voting rights regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
66. What was the Compromise of 1877?
a. A treaty that ended the Civil War.
b. A political agreement that resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction.
c. A deal that allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union without ratifying the 14th Amendment.
d. An act that provided funding for Southern public schools.
Answer: b. A political agreement that resulted in the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction.
67. What were Jim Crow Laws?
a. Federal laws that guaranteed civil rights to African Americans.
b. State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
c. Reconstruction-era amendments to the Constitution.
d. Laws granting voting rights to African Americans.
Answer: b. State laws enforcing racial segregation in the South after Reconstruction.
68. What was the purpose of the Tenure of Office Act?
a. To limit the president's power to remove cabinet members without Senate approval.
b. To ensure equal rights for African Americans in public offices.
c. To give Congress the power to appoint military leaders in the South.
d. To regulate the Reconstruction policies of Southern states.
Answer: a. To limit the president's power to remove cabinet members without Senate approval.
69. What did the Panic of 1873 lead to?
a. A stronger economy in the Southern states.
b. A five-year depression that distracted attention from Reconstruction.
c. The rapid industrialization of the North.
d. The reunification of the Democratic Party in the South.
Answer: b. A five-year depression that distracted attention from Reconstruction.
70. What was the purpose of the Enforcement Acts?
a. To provide financial support to Southern states during Reconstruction.
b. To suppress the activities of groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
c. To rebuild Southern railroads and infrastructure.
d. To regulate the voting rights of former Confederate leaders.
Answer: b. To suppress the activities of groups like the Ku Klux Klan.
71. What was tenant farming?
a. A farming system where workers paid rent for land and kept all their harvest.
b. A labor system where freed African Americans worked for wages on plantations.
c. A system where landowners shared crops with workers in exchange for labor.
d. A form of industrial employment in Southern factories.
Answer: a. A farming system where workers paid rent for land and kept all their harvest.
72. Who were carpetbaggers?
a. Southerners who opposed Reconstruction policies.
b. Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to participate in Reconstruction.
c. Freed slaves who migrated to Northern states for better opportunities.
d. Southern Democrats who allied with Radical Republicans.
Answer: b. Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War to participate in Reconstruction.
73. Who were scalawags?
a. Former Confederate leaders who supported Reconstruction.
b. White Southerners who joined the Republican Party during Reconstruction.
c. African Americans who worked as sharecroppers.
d. Northern investors who funded Southern rebuilding projects.
Answer: b. White Southerners who joined the Republican Party during Reconstruction.
74. What was the purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?
a. To provide assistance to freed African Americans and poor whites in the South.
b. To enforce the Jim Crow laws.
c. To facilitate the migration of freed slaves to Northern states.
d. To fund the rebuilding of Southern infrastructure.
Answer: a. To provide assistance to freed African Americans and poor whites in the South.
75. What was the Civil Rights Act of 1866?
a. A law granting women the right to vote.
b. A law granting citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.
c. A Reconstruction policy ensuring equal voting rights for all.
d. A law banning discrimination in public accommodations.
Answer: b. A law granting citizenship and equal rights to African Americans.
76. What were black codes?
a. Laws passed to protect African Americans’ civil rights in the South.
b. Laws that restricted the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
c. A series of amendments to the U.S. Constitution.
d. Military rules imposed in the South during Reconstruction.
Answer: b. Laws that restricted the rights of African Americans after the Civil War.
77. What was the Radical Republicans' main goal during Reconstruction?
a. To limit federal government involvement in Southern states.
b. To restore Confederate leaders to power.
c. To ensure civil rights for African Americans and reshape Southern society.
d. To promote economic growth in the North.
Answer: c. To ensure civil rights for African Americans and reshape Southern society.
78. What was the purpose of the 14th Amendment?
a. To abolish slavery.
b. To grant African Americans the right to vote.
c. To provide citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
d. To allow Confederate states to rejoin the Union.
Answer: c. To provide citizenship and equal protection under the law to African Americans.
79. Why was President Andrew Johnson impeached?
a. He refused to ratify the 14th Amendment.
b. He violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing the Secretary of War.
c. He was accused of accepting bribes from Southern politicians.
d. He supported the establishment of black codes in Southern states.
Answer: b. He violated the Tenure of Office Act by firing the Secretary of War.
80. What did the Reconstruction Act of 1867 do?
a. It abolished slavery in all states.
b. It divided the South into military districts and set requirements for reentry into the Union.
c. It allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union without ratifying the 14th Amendment.
d. It required African Americans to pay a poll tax to vote.
Answer: b. It divided the South into military districts and set requirements for reentry into the Union.
81. What was the primary goal of the 15th Amendment?
a. To abolish slavery in all U.S. states.
b. To grant African Americans the right to vote.
c. To allow women the right to vote.
d. To restore voting rights to former Confederates.
Answer: b. To grant African Americans the right to vote.
82. What is sharecropping?
a. A labor system where freed slaves worked for wages.
b. A system where workers rented land and kept their entire harvest.
c. A farming method where landowners provided tools and seed, and workers shared a portion of the crop.
d. A communal farming practice introduced by the Freedmen's Bureau.
Answer: c. A farming method where landowners provided tools and seed, and workers shared a portion of the crop.
83. What was the purpose of the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction?
a. To promote reconciliation between the North and South.
b. To assist freed African Americans in finding work.
c. To restore white supremacy and undermine Reconstruction efforts.
d. To establish new laws for Southern states.
Answer: c. To restore white supremacy and undermine Reconstruction efforts.
84. What was the Amnesty Act?
a. A law that allowed Southern states to rejoin the Union without conditions.
b. Legislation that pardoned most former Confederates, allowing them to vote and hold office.
c. An act abolishing the black codes in Southern states.
d. A policy ensuring equal representation for African Americans in government.
Answer: b. Legislation that pardoned most former Confederates, allowing them to vote and hold office.
85. What triggered the Panic of 1873?
a. The collapse of Southern cotton prices.
b. The bankruptcy of a major government securities dealer.
c. The implementation of the Tenure of Office Act.
d. The end of Reconstruction.
Answer: b. The bankruptcy of a major government securities dealer.
86. What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
a. The election of Ulysses S. Grant to a second term as president.
b. The withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction.
c. The enforcement of the 14th and 15th Amendments in Southern states.
d. The division of the South into military districts.
Answer: b. The withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the end of Reconstruction.
87. What was the result of the Supreme Court’s ruling in the Slaughterhouse Cases?
a. It expanded the federal government’s ability to protect African American rights.
b. It weakened the 14th Amendment’s protections for African Americans.
c. It granted voting rights to all freedmen in the South.
d. It abolished the black codes in Southern states.
Answer: b. It weakened the 14th Amendment’s protections for African Americans.
88. What was "Redemption" in the context of Reconstruction?
a. The rebuilding of Southern infrastructure.
b. The Democratic Party’s return to power in the South.
c. The full integration of African Americans into society.
d. The ratification of the 15th Amendment.
Answer: b. The Democratic Party’s return to power in the South.
89. Who was Rutherford B. Hayes?
a. A Radical Republican who pushed for African American rights during Reconstruction.
b. The Democratic candidate for the presidency in 1876.
c. The Republican candidate who became president after the Compromise of 1877.
d. A leader of the Freedmen's Bureau.
Answer: c. The Republican candidate who became president after the Compromise of 1877.
90. What was the goal of the Enforcement Acts?
a. To reduce federal control in Southern states.
b. To provide land and tools to freed slaves.
c. To curb Ku Klux Klan violence and protect African Americans' voting rights.
d. To abolish the black codes in all states.
Answer: c. To curb Ku Klux Klan violence and protect African Americans' voting rights.
91. What was the primary purpose of the Reconstruction Act of 1867?
a. To end slavery in the Southern states.
b. To provide for the redistribution of land to freed slaves.
c. To divide the South into military districts and set conditions for reentry into the Union.
d. To grant voting rights to all women.
Answer: c. To divide the South into military districts and set conditions for reentry into the Union.
92. Which group of people were most affected by the Black Codes?
a. Poor white farmers in the South.
b. African Americans living in the South.
c. Native Americans in the West.
d. Women suffragists in the North.
Answer: b. African Americans living in the South.
93. What was the significance of the 13th Amendment?
a. It granted African Americans citizenship.
b. It gave African Americans the right to vote.
c. It abolished slavery in the United States.
d. It provided land to former slaves.
Answer: c. It abolished slavery in the United States.
94. Which of the following was a result of the impeachment of Andrew Johnson?
a. He was removed from office by the Senate.
b. The Tenure of Office Act was repealed.
c. The Radical Republicans gained more influence in Congress.
d. Johnson was replaced by Ulysses S. Grant.
Answer: c. The Radical Republicans gained more influence in Congress.
95. What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?
a. It was responsible for protecting Southern businesses after the Civil War.
b. It was created to assist former slaves and poor whites by providing food, housing, and education.
c. It helped Confederate leaders regain their political rights.
d. It supervised the construction of Southern railroads.
Answer: b. It was created to assist former slaves and poor whites by providing food, housing, and education.
96. What did the "10% Plan" proposed by Abraham Lincoln entail?
a. Requiring 50% of a state's population to swear allegiance to the Union before rejoining.
b. Requiring only 10% of a state's population to swear allegiance to the Union for reentry.
c. Allowing Southern states to retain slavery if 10% of their population agreed.
d. Offering 10 acres of land and a mule to every freed slave.
Answer: b. Requiring only 10% of a state's population to swear allegiance to the Union for reentry.
97. Which of the following best describes the political climate in the South during Reconstruction?
a. Former Confederate leaders dominated state governments.
b. African Americans were given political leadership roles at all levels.
c. Radical Republicans controlled Southern state legislatures.
d. Republican governments were in place, but faced constant opposition from Democrats.
Answer: d. Republican governments were in place, but faced constant opposition from Democrats.
98. What was the impact of the "40 Acres and a Mule" promise?
a. It helped many freed slaves become landowners and economic equals.
b. It was partially fulfilled, but the land was eventually returned to former owners.
c. It provided all freed slaves with land and a stable income.
d. It was fully implemented, helping to establish a new class of wealthy African Americans in the South.
Answer: b. It was partially fulfilled, but the land was eventually returned to former owners.
99. What was the role of carpetbaggers in the South during Reconstruction?
a. They were former Confederate soldiers who helped rebuild Southern infrastructure.
b. They were Northern settlers who moved to the South for political and economic opportunities.
c. They were Southern plantation owners who worked with Northern investors.
d. They were African Americans who fought for political power.
Answer: b. They were Northern settlers who moved to the South for political and economic opportunities.
100. What was the primary focus of the Radical Republicans during Reconstruction?
a. To reintegrate Southern states into the Union as quickly as possible.
b. To provide financial aid to Southern businesses.
c. To protect the civil rights of African Americans and punish former Confederates.
d. To promote Southern economic recovery.
Answer: c. To protect the civil rights of African Americans and punish former Confederates.
101. What did the Supreme Court ruling in the Slaughterhouse Cases (1873) effectively do?
a. Strengthened the protections for African Americans under the 14th Amendment.
b. Allowed federal government to directly intervene in Southern elections.
c. Reduced the scope of federal protection for African American civil rights.
d. Provided full rights to African Americans in Southern states.
Answer: c. Reduced the scope of federal protection for African American civil rights.
102. What was the primary goal of the Liberal Republicans who formed during Grant's administration?
a. To promote civil rights for African Americans.
b. To reduce corruption within the Republican Party.
c. To increase the size of the federal government.
d. To pass the 14th and 15th Amendments.
Answer: b. To reduce corruption within the Republican Party.
103. What was the outcome of the election of 1876?
a. Rutherford B. Hayes won by a narrow margin after a contested election and the Compromise of 1877.
b. Samuel J. Tilden won by a landslide.
c. The election was declared invalid and a new one was held.
d. Ulysses S. Grant was re-elected.
Answer: a. Rutherford B. Hayes won by a narrow margin after a contested election and the Compromise of 1877.
104. What was the main cause of the rise of white supremacy groups like the Ku Klux Klan during Reconstruction?
a. The protection of African American voting rights by the federal government.
b. Economic instability in the South following the Civil War.
c. A desire to restore Democratic control and oppress African Americans.
d. The creation of black codes and Jim Crow laws.
Answer: c. A desire to restore Democratic control and oppress African Americans.
105. Which law prohibited the discrimination of African Americans in public places and facilities during Reconstruction?
a. The Civil Rights Act of 1866.
b. The Reconstruction Act of 1867.
c. The Tenure of Office Act.
d. The Enforcement Act of 1870.
Answer: a. The Civil Rights Act of 1866.
106. What was the purpose of the Tenure of Office Act during Reconstruction?
a. To prevent the president from removing federal officials without Senate approval.
b. To restrict the power of Congress during Reconstruction.
c. To limit the political rights of former Confederates.
d. To allow the president to appoint military leaders in the South.
Answer: a. To prevent the president from removing federal officials without Senate approval.
107. What is meant by the term "home rule" in the context of Reconstruction?
a. The right of African Americans to establish their own government in the South.
b. The return of Southern states to their own local governments without federal intervention.
c. The establishment of a national government to oversee Reconstruction.
d. The approval of Reconstruction policies by Southern voters.
Answer: b. The return of Southern states to their own local governments without federal intervention.
108. What led to the collapse of Reconstruction?
a. The assassination of President Lincoln.
b. The economic pressure of the Panic of 1873.
c. The withdrawal of federal troops from the South after the Compromise of 1877.
d. The passage of the 13th Amendment.
Answer: c. The withdrawal of federal troops from the South after the Compromise of 1877.
109. What did the term "Solid South" refer to during Reconstruction?
a. The rapid economic recovery of the South following the Civil War.
b. The Southern states' consistent support for the Democratic Party.
c. The unification of African Americans in the South.
d. The Southern states' adoption of Republican policies.
Answer: b. The Southern states' consistent support for the Democratic Party.
110. How did the Supreme Court rulings during the 1870s affect Reconstruction?
a. They expanded federal protections for African American rights.
b. They had little impact on the course of Reconstruction.
c. They undermined the rights of African Americans and limited federal intervention.
d. They established new rights for former slaves in Southern states.
Answer: c. They undermined the rights of African Americans and limited federal intervention.
American History I Chapter 15
Answers at the end
QUESTION 1
1. Those who advocated a harsh peace for the South and citizenship for former slaves were called what?
|
Mugwumps. |
|
Grand Old Party. |
|
Liberal Republicans. |
|
Radical Republicans. |
10 points
QUESTION 2
1.
Those who advocated a harsh peace for the South and citizenship for former slaves were called what?
|
Grand Old Party. |
|
Liberal Republicans. |
|
Mugwumps. |
|
Radical Republicans. |
10 points
QUESTION 3
1. Why did supporters of women's suffrage oppose ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment?
|
They thought the Fourteenth Amendment provisions were adequate. |
|
It would subject elite, educated women to the rule of base and illiterate males, especially immigrants and blacks. |
|
They believed women had suffered enough and deserved emancipation. |
|
It was proposed by men. |
10 points
QUESTION 4
1.
What was the first accomplishment of the Fourteenth Amendment?
|
It overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship. |
|
It required former Confederates to petition for a pardon. |
|
It guaranteed the right to vote regardless of race. |
|
It formally ended slavery in the United States. |
10 points
QUESTION 5
1. Why did Congress enact the "Ku-Klux Act" in 1871?
|
To protect southern whites against false accusations and slander. |
|
To contain the KKK to the states where it already existed. |
|
To help southern states fight white organized crime. |
|
To protect a free and fair vote in the South. |
10 points
QUESTION 6
1. Black Codes
|
Stipulated clearly the new freedoms and liberties of freedmen. |
|
Introduced segregation of public facilities to Southern jurisdictions. |
|
Were guidebooks that helped African Americans navigate the challenges of liberty. |
|
Confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment. |
10 points
QUESTION 7
1. Under the Republicans’ “gospel of prosperity,” southern state legislatures committed credit and funds to
|
Industrial development. |
|
Education. |
|
Reparations. |
|
Civil rights. |
10 points
QUESTION 8
1. During Reconstruction, southern governments
|
Shut down public schools to avoid having to teach African Americans. |
|
Extended access to free public schools to African Americans. |
|
Began to overtake northern states with their investment in public education. |
|
Responded to blacks' constitutional right to education with segregation laws. |
10 points
QUESTION 9
1. What is meant by the term “redemption”?
|
Accepting former Confederate states back into the Union. |
|
Return of “that old-time religion” in the South. |
|
Restoration of local, white control in former Confederate states. |
|
Cleansing the Republican Party of the taint of corruption and scandal. |
10 points
QUESTION 10
1. What labor system for former slaves developed soon after plantation owners reclaimed their land after the Civil War?
|
Share tenant system. |
|
Wage employment. |
|
Crop lien system. |
|
Sharecrop system. |
Answers
1. Radical republicans
2. Radical republicans
3. It would subject elite, educated women to the rule of base and illiterate males, especially immigrants and blacks.
4. It overruled the Dred Scott case defining citizenship.
5. To protect a free and fair vote in the South.
6. Confined black freedoms with laws that singled out blacks for unequal treatment.
7. Industrial development
8. Extended access to free public schools to African Americans.
9. Restoration of local, white control in former Confederate states.
10. Sharecrop system.
American History Chapter 11 quiz
Written in 1829, “An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World,” by David Walker called for
| Free and slave blacks using violence if necessary to abolish slavery. |
| The creation of a black transnational identity. |
| A global uprising of abolitionists to overthrow slavery. |
| A global uprising of slaves to overthrow slavery. |
A global uprising of abolitionists to overthrow slavery.
The American Anti-Slavery Society increased membership because
| They had President Jackson speaking on their behalf. |
| They kept slavery out of national politics. |
| They traveled across the northern states speaking out about abolishing slavery. |
| They employed young women to advertise their position. |
They traveled across the northern states speaking out about abolishing slavery.
Labor organizer Seth Luther characterized society as a struggle between
| Slaves and masters. |
| Workers and scabs. |
| The producers and the rich. |
| Rich and poor. |
The producers and the rich.
William Lloyd Garrison was
| Editor of The New York Times. |
| The advocate of “ìimmediatism.” |
| In favor of a violent slave uprising. |
| A black abolitionist. |
A black abolitionist.
What was the largest and longest tenured reform proposal aimed at improving individuals in society?
| Birth control and family planning. |
| Transcendentalism. |
| Hydropathy. |
| The temperance movement. |
The temperance movement.
Why did some Americans withdraw into covenanted communities?
| To prepare for the end of days. |
| To prepare themselves for civil service. |
| To celebrate America’s success with excess and abandon. |
| To mourn the passing of the good old colonial days. |
to prepare for the end of days
Where did women gather in 1848 to pass their Declaration of Sentiments, a kind of declaration of independence from male domination?
| Baltimore, Maryland. |
| New Harmony, Indiana. |
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. |
| Seneca Falls, New York. |
Seneca Falls, New York.
In the new culture of self-improvement that characterized the 1830s, what did reformers believe was the key to individual success?
| Appropriate education at a school with a good reputation. |
| Entitlement of privileged birth. |
| Hard work, industriousness, and frugality. |
| The class to which one belonged. |
Hard work, industriousness, and frugality.
Who were the primary targets of the American nativist movement?
| African Americans. |
| Irish Catholics. |
| Italians. |
| Jews. |
irish catholics
What about Joseph Smith’s teachings most offended others?
| The use of alcohol in the celebration of Eucharist, or communion. |
| The concept of “once saved, always saved.” |
| The doctrine of plural marriage. |
| Foot washing in emulation of Christ’s concept of servanthood. |
The doctrine of plural marriage.
American History Midterm Review Questions
Columbus was born into a world:
a. Controlled by Muslim clerics.
b. Flooded with cheap imports from China.
c. Influenced by European investors seeking low-risk investments.
d. Unimpressed and uninfluenced by Europe.
Answer C
What did Congress seek to accomplish with passage of the Judiciary Act of 1789?
a. The creation of a federal court system with limited power.
b. An increase in the number of justices on the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals.
c. To pack the court with Federalist appointees.
d. To weaken the Supreme Court.
Answer A
The largest number of immigrants to the American colonies in the eighteenth century were:
a. African.
b. Creole.
c. Spanish.
d. Scots-Irish.
Answer D
The election of 1796 was won by
a. Aaron Burr.
b. Thomas Jefferson.
c. John Adams.
d. George Washington.
Answer C
What did the French and American Revolutions have in common?
a. Both allowed for the departure of loyalists.
b. Both severed ties to a distant king.
c. Both began with similar goals of individual freedom.
d. Both liberated subject from slavelike oppression and misery.
Answer C
Ponce de León was the first European who:
a. Convinced Aztecs to accept Spanish authority so they could preserve their religion.
b. Discovered gold in the New World.
c. Sailed around the world in a continuous voyage.
d. Set foot on the mainland that would become the United States.
Answer D
In 1513 the Spanish Crown issued the Requerimiento, which:
a. Divided Spain’s claims in the New World among those who had conquered it.
b. Formally enslaved Indians living in territory claimed by Spain in the New World.
c. Promised Indians who accepted Christianity and the authority of Spain that they would be left in peace.
d. Required priests in Spanish colonies to be approved by the Inquisition.
Answer C
Spaniards in the American Southwest abandoned the region around 1541 because:
a. They found nothing of value to keep them there.
b. Silver was discovered further south in Mexico.
c. The Pueblo warriors were so fierce that the Spanish soldiers would not fight them.
d. Coronado married a Zuni woman.
Answer A
Ninety-seven percent of the American people lived on family farms in 1790. Most families occupied how much acreage?
a. 160 acres.
b. 50 to 100 acres.
c. 640 acres.
d. One league, or 4,477 acres.
Answer B
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