Test Bank For Personality Theory and Research 14th Edition By Cervone

TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface v 1 Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories 1 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 2 Defining Personality 3 Why Study Personality? 4 Three Goals for the Personality Theorist 5 Answering Questions about Persons Scientifically: Understanding Structures, Processes, Development, and Therapeutic Change 8 Important Issues in Personality Theory 15 Evaluating Personality Theories 21 The Personality Theories: An Introduction 22 Major Concepts 25 Review 25 2 The Scientific Study of People 27 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 28 The Data of Personality Psychology 29 Goals of Research: Reliability, Validity, Ethical Behavior 37 Three General Strategies of Research 39 Personality Theory and Personality Research 50 Personality Assessment and the Case of Jim 51 Major Concepts 52 Review 52 3 A Psychodynamic Theory: Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality 53 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 54 Sigmund Freud (1856–1939): A View of the Theorist 54 Freud’s View of the Person 56 Freud’s View of the Science of Personality 60 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality 60 Major Concepts 84 Review 84 4 Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research 85 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 86 Psychodynamic Personality Assessment: Projective Tests 86 Psychopathology 91 Psychological Change 95 The Case of Jim 100 Related Theoretical Conceptions 102 Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: Neuropsychoanalysis 116 Critical Evaluation 121 Major Concepts 125 Review 125 5 A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers’s Person-Centered Theory of Personality 127 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 128 Carl R. Rogers (1902–1987): A View of the Theorist 128 Rogers’s View of the Person 130 Rogers’s View of the Science of Personality 132 The Personality Theory of Carl Rogers 133 Major Concepts 146 Review 146 6 Rogers’s Phenomenological Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research 147 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 148 Clinical Applications 148 The Case of Jim 155 Related Conceptions: Human Potential, Positive Psychology, and Existentialism 156 Developments in Research: The Self and Authenticity 163 A Limitation of Rogerian Theory: What Exactly is the “Integrated Self”? 170 Personality Systems Interaction Theory 171 Illustrative Research 174 Implications for Rogers’s Self Theory of Personality 174 Critical Evaluation 175 Major Concepts 179 Review 179 7 Trait Theories of Personality: Allport, Eysenck, and Cattell 180 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 181 A View of the Trait Theorists 182 Trait Theory’s View of the Person 182 Trait Theory’s View of the Science of Personality 183 Trait Theories of Personality: Basic Perspectives Shared by Trait Theorists 185 The Trait Theory of Gordon W. Allport (1897–1967) 186 Identifying Primary Trait Dimensions: Factor Analysis 189 The Factoranalytic Trait Theory of Raymond B. Cattell (1905–1998) 191 The Three-factor Theory of Hans J. Eysenck (1916–1997) 195 Major Concepts 204 Review 204 8 Trait Theory: The Five-Factor Model and Contemporary Developments 205 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 206 On Taxonomies of Personality 206 The Five-Factor Model of Personality: Research Evidence 207 Five-Factor Theory 218 Maybe We Missed One? The Six-Factor Model 220 Cross-cultural Research: Are the Big Five Dimensions Universal? 221 Contemporary Developments in Trait Theory: Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory 224 The Case of Jim—Factor-Analytic Trait-Based Assessment 230 The Person-Situation Controversy 233 Critical Evaluation 236 Major Concepts 240 Review 240 9 Biological Foundations of Personality 241 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 242 Temperament 243 Evolution, Evolutionary Psychology, and Personality 248 Genes and Personality 255 Mood, Emotion, and the Brain 266 Plasticity: Biology as Both Cause and Effect 270 Neuroscientific Investigations of “Higher-Level” Psychological Functions 271 Summary 272 Major Concepts 272 Review 272 10 Behaviorism and The Learning Approaches To Personality 273 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 274 Behaviorism’s View of the Person 274 Behaviorism’s View of the Science of Personality 275 Watson, Pavlov, and Classical Conditioning 278 Skinner’s Theory of Operant Conditioning 288 Critical Evaluation 297 Major Concepts 300 Review 300 11 A Cognitive Theory: George a Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory of Personality 301 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 302 George A. Kelly (1905–1966): A View of the Theorist 303 Kelly’s View of the Science of Personality 304 Kelly’s View of the Person 306 The Personality Theory of George A. Kelly 307 Clinical Applications 320 The Case of Jim 322 Related Points of View and Recent Developments 324 Critical Evaluation 325 Major Concepts 328 Review 329 12 Social-Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel 330 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 331 Relating Social-Cognitive Theory to the Previous Theories 331 A View of the Theorists 332 Social-Cognitive Theory’s View of the Person 335 Social-Cognitive Theory’s View of the Science of Personality 335 Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: Structure 335 Social-Cognitive Theory of Personality: Process 344 Social-Cognitive Theory of Growth and Development 349 Major Concepts 360 Review 360 13 Social-Cognitive Theory: Applications, Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Developments 362 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 363 Cognitive Components of Personality: Beliefs, Goals, and Evaluative Standards 363 Contemporary Developments in Personality Theory: The KAPA Model 373 Clinical Applications 379 Stress, Coping, and Cognitive Therapy 384 The Case of Jim 388 Critical Evaluation 390 Major Concepts 392 Review 392 14 Personality In Context: Interpersonal Relations, Culture, and Development Across The Course of Life 394 Questions to be Addressed in this Chapter 395 Interpersonal Relationships 396 Meeting Academic and Social Challenges: Optimistic Strategies and Defensive Pessimism 401 Personality Development in Socioeconomic Context 402 Personality Functioning Across the Life Span 403 Persons in Cultures 406 Putting Personality in Context into Practice 411 Summary 416 Major Concepts 416 Review 416