TEST BANK FOR ESSENTIALS OF THE LIVING WORLD 6TH EDITION BY JOHNSON

TEST BANK FOR ESSENTIALS OF THE LIVING WORLD 6TH EDITION BY JOHNSON Essentials of The Living World, 6e (Johnson) Chapter 11 DNA: The Genetic Material 1) The building blocks of DNA are called A) amino acids. B) bases. C) nucleotides. D) glycerols. E) monosaccharides. Answer: C Explanation: The four nucleotides which compose DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. Please see section 11.1. Section: 11.01 Topic: DNA Structure Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Explain how Watson and Crick's proposed structure of DNA explained Chargaff's rule. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 2) Which scientists' work first suggested that DNA had the shape of a helix? A) Wilkins and Franklin B) Watson and Crick C) Hershey and Chase D) Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty E) Campbell and Wilmut Answer: A Explanation: X-ray crystallography was used to find the shape of a DNA molecule since crystallized molecules bend rays in characteristic patterns based on their shapes. Please see section 11.1. Section: 11.01 Topic: DNA Structure Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Explain how Watson and Crick's proposed structure of DNA explained Chargaff's rule. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation   3) A plant species has its DNA analyzed. The results show that 28% of its nitrogen bases are guanine. What is the percent represented by thymine? A) 28% B) 24% C) 23% D) 22% E) 44% Answer: D Explanation: This is based on Chargaff's rule. If a particular DNA molecule is 28% guanine and the amount of guanine equals the amount of cytosine (G = C), then the amount of cytosine is also 28%. That leaves 44% of the DNA molecules that is composed of adenine and thymine. Since the amount of adenine equals the amount of thymine (A = T), then divide 44% by two. The result is that the amount of thymine is 22%. Please see section 11.1. Section: 11.01 Topic: DNA Structure Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Explain how Watson and Crick's proposed structure of DNA explained Chargaff's rule. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 4) Biochemist Erwin Chargaff found that in DNA there was a special relationship between individual bases that we now refer to as Chargaff's rule. His observation was that the number of ________ was equal to the number of adenines (A), and the number of ________ was equal to the number of guanines (G). A) T; C B) C; T C) G; A D) G; C E) T; A Answer: A Explanation: The biochemical basis for Chargaff's rule is that A hydrogen bonds with T and G hydrogen bonds with C. Please see section 11.1. Section: 11.01 Topic: DNA Structure Bloom's: 1. Remember Learning Outcome: 11.01.01 Explain how Watson and Crick's proposed structure of DNA explained Chargaff's rule. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation   5) If one strand of a DNA molecule has the base sequence ATTGCAT, its complementary strand will have the sequence A) ATTGCAT. B) TAACGTA. C) GCCATGC. D) CGGTACG. E) CAACGTA. Answer: B Explanation: You can predict the complementary sequence for a given DNA sequence using the A-T and G-C pair bonding as a guide. Please see section 11.2. Section: 11.02 Topic: DNA Replication Bloom's: 3. Apply Learning Outcome: 11.02.01 Explain three ways in which DNA complementarity might be achieved during DNA replication. Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 6) How many carbon atoms does deoxyribose have? A) 4 B) 5 C) 6 D) 7 E) 8