Passing Grades | Test Bank for Marriages & Families: Changes, Choices, and Constraints, 10th Edition

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TEST BANK FOR MARRIAGES & FAMILIES CHANGES , CHOICES, AND CONSTRAINTS BY NIJOLE V. BENPKRAITIS Exchange Theories of Families: Profit or Maximizing Utility -Profit is defined as the ratio of rewards to costs for any decision -Actors calculate this ratio for all possible choices in a given situation -Actors will choose the action that they calculate will bring about the greatest reward and/or the least cost -This attempt to optimize the reward/cost ratio is also known as maximizing utility  Exchange Theories of Family Comparison Level(CL) and Comparison Level for Alternatives (CL+) -In complex situations, the evaluation of profit can be divided into 2 levels (CL and CL+) -Comparison Level(CL) is a comparison of what others in your position have and how well you are doing relative to them -Comparison Level for Alternatives (CL+) is a comparison of how well you are doing relative to others outside of your position, but in positions that provide an alternative or choice Example: A social worker is offered a position with a local community agency, with a starting annual salary of $35,000. While considering the offer, she makes two comparisons: -How does this salary compare with that of other social workers? (CL) -How does this salary compare with what I might earn if I go into another field, such as corporate sales, etc.? (CL+) -The role of comparisons in evaluations is particularly useful when researchers seek to explain family phenomena such as the decision to divorce -For example, if a wife is trying to decide whether or not to seek a divorce, she may compare: -The profit ratio for her marriage versus what she perceives other wives are receiving (CL) -The profit as a wife in her current marriage versus the perceived profit in other possible situations, such as divorced or remarried (CL+)

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