COMPLETE TEST BANK FOR FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY KARCH

TEST BANK FOR FOCUS ON NURSING PHARMACOLOGY 7TH EDITION BY KARCH

Chapter 02- Drugs and the Body

1. Drugs do not metabolize the same way in all people. For what patient would a nurse expect to assess

for an alteration in drug metabolism?

A)

A 35-year-old woman with cervical cancer

B)

A 41-year-old man with kidney stones

C)

A 50-year-old man with cirrhosis of the liver

D)

A 62-year-old woman in acute renal failure

Ans: C

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The liver is the most important site of drug metabolism. If the liver is not functioning effectively, as in

patients with cirrhosis, drugs will not metabolize normally so that toxic levels could develop unless

dosage is reduced. A patient with cervical cancer or kidney stones would not be expected to have

altered ability to metabolize drugs so long as no liver damage existed. The patient with renal failure

would have altered excretion of the drugs through the renal system but metabolism would not be

impacted.

2. A patient presents to the emergency department with a drug level of 50 units/mL. The half-life of this

drug is 1 hour. With this drug, concentrations above 25 units/mL are considered toxic and no more drug

is given. How long will it take for the blood level to reach the non-toxic range?

A)

30 minutes

B)

1 hour

C)

2 hours

D)

3 hours

Ans: B

Feedback:

Half-life is the time required for the serum concentration of a drug to decrease by 50%. After 1 hour,

the serum concentration would be 25 units/mL (50/2) if the body can properly metabolize and excrete

the drug. After 2 hours, the serum concentration would be 12.5 units/mL (25/2) and reach the nontoxic

range. In 30 minutes the drug level would be 37.5 units/mL, whereas in 3 hours the drug level would be

6.25.

3. A patient has recently moved from Vermont to Southern Florida. The patient presents to the clinic

complaining of

​dizzy spells and weakness.

​ While conducting the admission assessment, the patient tells

the nurse that he have been on the same antihypertensive drug for 6 years and had stable blood

pressures and no adverse effects. Since his move, he has been having problems and he feels that the

drug is no longer effective. The clinic nurse knows that one possible reason for the change in the

effectiveness of the drug could be what?

A)

The impact of the placebo effect on the patient’s response.

B)

The accumulative effect of the drug if it has been taken for many years.

C)

The impact of the warmer environment on the patient’s physical status.

D)

Problems with patient compliance with the drug regimen while on vacation.

Ans: C

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Antihypertensive drugs work to decrease the blood pressure. When a patient goes to a climate that is

much warmer than usual, blood vessels dilate and the blood pressure falls. If a patient is taking an

antihypertensive drug and moves to a warmer climate, there is a chance that the patient’s blood pressure

will drop too low, resulting in dizziness and feelings of weakness. Even mild dehydration could

exacerbate these effects. Most antihypertensives are metabolized and excreted and do not accumulate in

the body. Patients must be very compliant with their drug regimen on vacation. After several years on

an antihypertensive drug, the effects of that drug are known; therefore, the placebo effect should not be

an issue.

4. An important concept taught by the nurse when providing medication teaching is the need to provide a

complete list of medications taken to health care providers to avoid what?

A)

Spending large amounts of money on medications

B)

Allergic reactions to medications

C)

Drug

​drug interactions

D)

Critical concentrations of medications in the body

Ans: C

Feedback:

It is important that all health care providers have a complete list of the patient’s medications to avoid

drug

​drug interactions caused by one provider ordering a medication, unaware of another medication the