Test Bank for Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues 9th Edition MacKinnon

This is the questions and answers exam study material (Test Bank) for Ethics: Theory and Contemporary Issues 9th Edition by Barbara MacKinnon; Andrew Fiala. The test bank comprehensively covers all the 20 chapters. Get it now on pasinggrades-The best test bank website. Chapter 1. Ethics and Ethical Reasoning Why Study Ethics? What Is Ethics? Ethical and Other Types of Evaluation Sociobiology and the Naturalistic Fallacy Ethical Terms Ethics and Reasons Intuitionism, Emotivism, Subjectivism, Objectivism Ethical Reasoning and Arguments The Structure of Ethical Reasoning and Argument Evaluating and Making Good Arguments Ethical Theory Types of Ethical Theory Can Ethics be Taught? Reading: Ethical Judgments and Matters of Fact Reading: Emotivism and Ethics Review Exercises Chapter 2. Religion and Global Ethics Freedom, Cosmopolitanism, and the European Enlightenment Religion, Civic Life, and Civil Disobedience Ethics, Religion, and Divine Command Theory Pluralism and the Golden Rule The Problem of Evil and Free Will Secular Ethics and Toleration Criticisms of Secularism and Global Ethics Reading: Euthyphro Reading: Letter to a Christian Nation Reading: Religion and Truth Review Exercises Chapter 3. Ethical Relativism Descriptive Versus Normative Ethical Relativism Individual Versus Cultural Relativism Strong and Weak Relativism Reasons Supporting Ethical Relativism The Diversity of Moral Views Tolerance and Open-Mindedness Moral Uncertainty Situational Differences Are These Reasons Convincing? The Diversity of Moral Views Tolerance and Open-Mindedness Moral Uncertainty Situational Differences Is Relativism Self-Contradictory? Moral Realism Moral Pluralism Reading: Who’s to Judge? Reading: Relativism and Its Benefits Review Exercises Chapter 4. Egoism, Altruism, and the Social Contract Psychological Egoism What Is Psychological Egoism? Is Psychological Egoism True? Ethical Egoism What Is Ethical Egoism? Is Ethical Egoism a Good Theory? The Moral Point of View Why Be Moral? Reading: The Ring of Gyges Reading: Self Love Reading: The Social Contract and Altruism Review Exercises Chapter 5. Utilitarianism and John Stuart Mill Weighing Consequences Historical Background Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill The Principle of Utility Pleasure and Happiness Calculating the Greatest Amount of Happiness Quantity Versus Quality of Pleasure Evaluating Utilitarianism Application of the Principle Utilitarianism and Personal Integrity Ends and Means The Trolley Problem Act and Rule Utilitarianism “Proof” of the Theory Reading: Utilitarianism Review Exercises Chapter 6. Deontological Ethics and Immanuel Kant Deontology and the Ethics of Duty Immanuel Kant What Is the Right Motive? What Is the Right Thing to Do? The Categorical Imperative The First Form The Second Form Evaluating Kant’s Moral Theory The Nature of Moral Obligation The Application of the Categorical Imperative Duty Moral Equality and Impartiality Perfect and Imperfect Duties Variations on Kant and Deontology Reading: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals Review Exercises Chapter 7. Natural Law and Human Rights Natural Law Theory Historical Origins Evaluating Natural Law Theory Natural Rights Evaluating Natural Rights Theory Is There a Human Nature? Reading: On Natural Law Reading: Second Treatise of Civil Government Review Exercises Chapter 8. Virtue Ethics Virtues and Everyday Life Aristotle Virtue as a Mean Nature, Human Nature, and the Human Good Cross-Cultural and Contemporary Virtue Ethics Evaluating Virtue Ethics Reading: The Nicomachean Ethics Review Exercises Chapter 9. Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care Gender in Moral Reasoning and the Ethics of Care Is There a Gender Difference in Morality? The Source of Feminine Morality Evaluating Gender-Specific Approaches to Morality Feminist Thought Evaluation of Feminist Thought and the Ethics of Care Reading: Caring Reading: The Need for More Than Justice Reading: What Is Feminist Ethics? Review Exercises Chapter 10. Euthanasia Euthanasia for Infants and the Disabled Criteria for Death Types of Euthanasia Active and Passive Euthanasia Voluntary, Nonvoluntary, and Involuntary Euthanasia Advance Directives Physician-Assisted Suicide Pain Medication and Palliative Sedation Ordinary and Extraordinary Measures Combining the Types of Euthanasia Making Moral Judgments about Euthanasia The Moral Significance of Voluntariness Active versus Passive Euthanasia Reading: The Wrongfulness of Euthanasia Reading: Active and Passive Euthanasia Review Exercises Chapter 11. Abortion Stages of Fetal Development Methods of Abortion Abortion and the Law Abortion: The Moral Question Arguments That Do Not Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus Utilitarian Reasoning Some Rights Arguments Arguments That Depend on the Moral Status of the Fetus Method I Method II Reading: A Defense of Abortion Reading: Why Abortion Is Immoral Reading: The Value of Choice and the Choice to Value: Expanding the Discussion About Fetal Life within Prochoice Advocacy Review Exercises Chapter 12. Sexual Morality Current Issues Conceptual Problems: What Is and Is Not Sexual Relevant Factual Matters Sexual Morality and Ethical Theories Consequentialist or Utilitarian Considerations Non-consequentialist or Deontological Considerations Natural Law Considerations Same-Sex Marriage Reading: U.S. Supreme Court Decision June 26, 2015 Reading: Law, Morality, and “Sexual Orientation” Reading: “It’s Not Natural” Review Exercises Chapter 13. Equality and Discrimination Discrimination Racial Discrimination The Principle of Equality Justice Social Benefits and Harms Proof and Reality of Difference Relevant Differences Challenges to the Principle Current Issues and the Law Profiling Hate Crimes Affirmative Action and Preferential Treatment Consequentialist Considerations Non-consequentialist Considerations Reading: Five Faces of Oppression Reading: Racisms Reading: White Privilege, Black Rights Review Exercises Chapter 14. Economic Justice Economic Inequality Poverty, Education, and Health Care Conceptions of Social Justice Process Distributive Justice End-State Distributive Justice Equal Opportunity Political and Economic Theories Libertarianism Capitalism Socialism Modern Liberalism John Rawls’s Theory of Justice Communitarianism Reading: Justice as Fairness Reading: Distributive Justice Reading: Capitalism: The Unknown Ideal Reading: Evangelii Gaudium Review Exercises Chapter 15. Punishment and the Death Penalty The Nature of Legal Punishment The Deterrence Argument The Retributivist Argument Punishment and Responsibility Prisons Race Restoration and Rehabilitation The Death Penalty Legal Issues Exonerations Racial Bias and Fairness Costs Deterrence Considerations Retributivist Considerations Mercy and Restorative Justice Humane Executions Reading: The New Jim Crow Reading: Are Prisons Obsolete? Reading: Speech in Favor of Capital Punishment (1868) Reading: A Theory of Just Execution Review Exercises Chapter 16. Environmental Ethics The Environment and Its Value Anthropocentrism Cost–Benefit Analysis Environmental Justice Ecocentrism Deep Ecology Ecofeminism Current Issues Climate Change Ozone Depletion Waste Disposal and Pollution Wilderness Preservation International Environmental Conventions Global Justice and the Tragedy of the Commons Reading: People or Penguins: The Case for Optimal Pollution Reading: Deep Ecology Reading: Radical American Environmentalism and Wilderness Preservation: A Third World Critique Review Exercises Chapter 17. Animal Ethics Current Issues Moral Vegetarianism Animal Experimentation Endangered Species Approaches to Animal Ethics Sentience, Equal Consideration, and Animal Welfare Animal Rights Reading: All Animals Are Equal Reading: The Case for Animal Rights Reading: Speciesism and the Idea of Equality Review Exercises Chapter 18. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Current Issues Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement Stem Cell Research Cloning Genetic Engineering and Genetic Screening Genetically Modified Plants and Animals Legal and Ethical Issues Athletic and Cognitive Enhancement Stem Cell Research Cloning Genetic Engineering and Genetic Screening Genetically Modified Organisms Reading: Transhumanist Declaration Reading: Ageless Bodies, Happy Souls Reading: In Defense of Posthuman Dignity Review Exercises Chapter 19. Violence and War Realism Pacifism Just War Theory Jus ad Bellum Jus in Bello Currcent Issues Terrorism Targeted Killing and Drones Weapons of Mass Destruction War Crimes and Universal Human Rights Torture Reading: Peace Reading: The Triumph of Just War Theory (and the Dangers of Success) Review Exercises Chapter 20. Global Justice and Globalization Moral Arguments About Global Poverty Self-Interest Justice Rights Practical Considerations