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A

Correct! Provincial and territorial regulatory bodies, have certain requirements related to nurses’ knowledge/skill, which includes knowledge of the legal system.

B

Incorrect—The Supreme Court, which is the final court of appeal in Canada, is not involved in the regulation of health care professionals.

C

Incorrect—Labour unions do not focus on nursing standards and knowledge; rather, they represent the collective bargaining rights of nurses.

D

Incorrect—This Act is relevant to nursing in that it regulates the prescribing, dispensing, and handling of drugs. It does not mandate the knowledge nurses require about the legal system.

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A

Incorrect—Professional values may be shared across multiple professions, and perspectives on issues may be similar. When views on an issue differ, then knowledge of ethics assists in clarifying and defending one’s position to others.

B

Correct! One reason for nurses studying ethics is that morality and care are at the heart of nursing practice.

C

Incorrect—Ethical theories can provide a framework for the exploration of the ethical questions and moral issues faced in health care. These theories guide how morality is understood within the sphere of nursing practice and the nurse–patient or nurse–client relationship. Ethical theories and frameworks can assist/guide nurses as they consider multiple options to choose the best or the least wrong course of action.

D

Incorrect—Nurses as members of the health care team are in a strong position to support families. They respect the values and beliefs of clients and families and support them in decision making regarding the right course of action.

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A

Incorrect—Ethics encourages nurses to respect the values of others and assists in understanding opposing points of view. Ethics offers tools to nurses to respectfully argue in favour of their positions while respecting the perspectives of others.

B

Correct! When views differ, ethical theories help clarify one’s position and make arguments in support of it. Nurses ensure that all relevant information is shared with the team and the client.

C

Incorrect—The perspective of all team members is important and is based on the unique relationships each nurse has with the patient or client.

D

Incorrect—This approach is paternalistic. Nurses and the health care team, while respecting a person’s autonomy, support him or her in making decisions about what is best in a particular context. This includes ensuring that patients are aware of all the options available to them.

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A

Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims.

B

Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims.

C

Incorrect—Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims.

D

Correct! Reserved or controlled acts and the administration of narcotics are two examples of nursing actions governed by the law. A nurse may think an action is “ethical,” but it may not be legal. Nurses’ decisions sometimes have untoward consequences, and errors or omissions may lead to negligence claims.

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A

Incorrect—One reason for the abolition of capital punishment is based on the belief in the sanctity of life and the concern that an innocent person may be executed.

B

Incorrect—Respect for autonomy and privacy led to legislation in provinces across Canada.

C

Incorrect—Shifting views regarding euthanasia for the terminally ill led the Supreme Court to create a law regarding assistance in dying. This resulted in the legislation “Medical Assistance in Dying,” which was introduced in 2016.

D

Correct! All of these are examples of how shifting Canadian values have influenced legislation.

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Correct

Like all Canadians, nurses have rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Nurses consider these rights in the context of their responsibilities and obligations to clients.

Incorrect

Like all Canadians, nurses have rights under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. Nurses must consider these rights in the context of their responsibilities and obligations to clients.

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Correct

Health Care is a provincial responsibility. Only the conditions under which the federal government funds health care is specified in the Act.

Incorrect

Health Care is a provincial responsibility. Only the conditions under which the federal government funds health care is specified in the Act.

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Correct

Recent advances in genetics, transplantation, and reproductive biotechnology, have opened up an entirely new array of ethical dilemmas, not previously known. This raises the question “Just because you can do something, should you?”

Incorrect

Recent advances in genetics, transplantation, and reproductive biotechnology, have opened up an entirely new array of ethical dilemmas, not previously known. This raises the question “Just because you can do something, should you?”

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Correct

It is inappropriate for a nurse to access the record of a patient who is outside of his or her “circle of care.” If the friend is not capable of disclosing this information, then to prevent serious harm, the nurse should disclose this information to the team if the friend’s family or substitute decision maker is not available to do so.

Incorrect

It is inappropriate for a nurse to access the record of a patient who is outside of his or her “circle of care.” If the friend is not capable of disclosing this information, then to prevent serious harm, the nurse should disclose this information to the team if the friend’s family or substitute decision maker is not available to do so.

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Correct

The nurse is denying the daughter the opportunity to be present with her father so that he does not die alone. It is the daughter’s, not the nurse’s, choice to make. This may also have implications for the grieving process.

Incorrect

The nurse is denying the daughter the opportunity to be present with her father so that he does not die alone. It is the daughter’s, not the nurse’s, choice to make. This may also have implications for the grieving process.