Test Bank for Essentials of Biological Anthropology 4th Edition by Larsen (All Chapters)

Test Bank for Essentials of Biological Anthropology 4th Edition by Larsen/ CHAPTER 02: Evolution: Constructing a Fundamental Scientific Theory MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Adaptive radiation occurs when: a. one species gives rise to multiple closely related species. b. several species adapt to one environment. c. species adapt to environments with high radiation levels. d. an individual adapts to varying environments. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: Explain Darwin's main contribution(s) to the theory of evolution TOP: Evolution: constructing a fundamental scientific theory MSC: Remembering 2. Charles Darwin’s book On the Origin of Species (1859) was considered an important contribution to modern science because it: a. coined the concept of evolution. b. synthesized information from diverse scientific fields in order to document evolutionary change. c. was immediately and widely accepted by the scientific community as the mechanism for evolutionary change. d. proposed the use of the scientific method for the first time. ANS: B DIF: Moderate OBJ: Explain Darwin's main contribution(s) to the theory of evolution TOP: What was Darwin’s contribution to the theory of evolution? MSC: Remembering 3. Uniformitarianism is the theory that: a. the earth is very old, based on geologic evidence from stratigraphic layers in Scotland. b. the natural processes operating today are the same as the natural processes that operated in the past. c. the uniformity of species is derived from the common ancestor of all species. d. processes such as earthquakes are evidence supporting catastrophism as proposed by Lamarck. ANS: B DIF: Moderate OBJ: Define the five major scientific disciplines from which Darwin drew to create his theory of evolution and explain the principles in each that contributed to his ideas TOP: Geology: reconstructing Earth’s dynamic history MSC: Remembering 4. Why is the work of Alfred Russell Wallace considered when discussing the theory of evolution? a. He was an English naturalist who had arrived at many of the same conclusions as Darwin through his own research. b. His work is not considered, as he was mistakenly credited with the theory of natural selection. c. He was a British dog breeder who worked on artificial selection experiments in the same way Mendel worked on sweet peas to determine inheritance. d. He was the most prominent scientist of the time who opposed Darwin’s work on evolution. ANS: A DIF: Easy OBJ: Define the five major scientific disciplines from which Darwin drew to create his theory of evolution and explain the principles in each that contributed to his ideas TOP: Darwin’s contemporaries and competition: Wallace MSC: Understanding