Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan, 16th edition Madigan

Test Bank for Brock Biology of Microorganisms, Madigan, 16th edition Madigan

34) Mitochondria and hydrogenosomes are similar in that they both A) are the site of energy production in eukaryotic cells. B) evolved via endosymbiosis of bacterial cells. C) are the site of aerobic respiration. D) evolved via endosymbiosis and are sites for aerobic respiration and energy production. Chapter Section: 2.15 35) Membrane-enclosed organelles, such as nuclei, lysosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and chloroplasts A) form specialized compartments within eukaryotic cells for specific functions to occur. B) increase the structural complexity of eukaryotic cells. C) help large eukaryotic cells overcome the limitations of diffusion imposed by their large cell size. D) increase structural complexity, help eukaryotes overcome diffusion limitation due to their size, and form specialized environments for specific functions to occur. Chapter Section: 2.14 36) The Golgi complex functions to A) modify and secrete proteins to the external environment. B) sort proteins used within the cell. C) both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures. D) synthesize proteins. Chapter Section: 2.16 37) The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called A) cristae. B) mitosomes. C) lysosomes. D) stromas. Chapter Section: 2.16 38) Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized? A) cytoplasm B) lysosome C) mitochondrion D) nucleolus Chapter Section: 2.14 39) The energy source derived from the charge separation across the cytoplasmic membrane is referred to as A) the proton motive force. B) carbohydrate charging. C) adenosine triphosphate. D) the voltage source. Chapter Section: 2.3 40) Based on the table of attributes given below, which of the following statements are FALSE about the two organisms? Characteristic Bacterium A Bacterium B Endospore formation yes no Capsule no yes Type IV pili yes no Flagella no no Morphology bacillus bacillus A) Bacterium A is more resistant to heat and ultraviolet light. B) Bacterium B likely forms a slime layer better than Bacterium A. C) Bacterium B is likely to exhibit motility. D) Both bacteria may attach to surfaces. Chapter Section: 2.7 41) Small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) protect DNA from ultraviolet light and are found in high numbers within A) gram-positive Bacteria. B) endospores. C) inclusion bodies. D) gram-negative Bacteria. Chapter Section: 2.10 42) The peptide interbridge crosslinking between peptidoglycan layers is found ONLY in the cell walls of A) Archaea. B) Eukarya. C) gram-positive Bacteria. D) gram-negative Bacteria. 43) Type IV pili are involved in A) attachment of cells to surfaces. B) twitching motility. C) pathogenesis. D) attachment to surfaces, twitching motility, and pathogenesis. Chapter Section: 2.7 44) Eukaryotes have ________ in their cytoplasmic membranes, which serve to strengthen and stabilize the membrane and make it less flexible. Many bacteria have similar molecules, known as ________, in their cytoplasmic membranes that have a similar role. A) ether bonds / ester bonds B) lipids / phospholipids C) sterols / hopanoids D) phospholipids / lipopolysaccharides Chapter Section: 2.3 45) The rigid layer that is present in the cell walls of Bacteria that is primarily responsible for the strength of the wall is known as A) pseudomurein. B) S-layer. C) cellulose. D) peptidoglycan.