Test Bank for Biostatistics for the Biological and Health Sciences, 2nd Edition by Triola

TEST BANK FOR BIOSTATISTICS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES, 2ND EDITION BY TRIOLA Chapter 1 Introduction to Statistics Exam A 1) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. In studying the loggerhead turtle on Anna Maria Island, FL, scientists observe the average (mean) number of hatchlings in all 253 nests. A) Statistic B) Parameter Answer: B 2) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. A sample of Medtronic's rechargeable implanted spine stimulator batteries lasted an average (mean) of nine years. A) Statistic B) Parameter Answer: A 3) A ________ is the complete collection of all measurements or data, whereas, a ________ is a subcollection of members selected from the complete collection. A) sample; population B) population; sample C) sample; census D) population; parameter Answer: B 4) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. People are asked to state how many times in the last month they visited their family doctor. A) Discrete B) Continuous Answer: A 5) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. The number of hatchlings from a sample of 45 bluebird nests is 135. A) Discrete B) Continuous Answer: A 6) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Doctors measure the weights (in pounds) of preterm babies. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: D 7) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Ornithologists classify hummingbirds in the United States using 17 different species: Allen, Anna, Berylline, Black-chinned, Blue-throated, Broad-billed, Broad- tailed, Buff-bellied, Calliope, Costa, Lucifer, Magnificent, Ruby-throated, Rufous, Violet-crowned, White-eared, and Xantus. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: A 8) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. The income range of attendees at a research conference is gathered as upper, middle, and low levels. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: B 9) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Biologists measure the water temperature of the Merrimack River in New Hampshire. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: C 10) Identify the population. A graduate student conducts a research study on undergraduate student smoking habits. She begins with a survey to 500 randomly selected undergraduate students from 10 randomly selected U.S. universities. A) 500 undergraduate students from 10 U.S. universities B) Undergraduate students from U.S. universities C) Graduate students from U.S. universities D) Smokers in the U.S. Answer: B 11) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. In a study of cold symptoms, the body temperatures of study participants were taken. A) Observational study B) Experiment Answer: A 12) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder are randomly divided into four treatment groups (the Tomatis Method, the Dore Method, the Brain Gym, and a control group) to compare differences in focus and concentration. A) Observational study B) Experiment Answer: B 13) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. A researcher from the department of defense is studying the psychology of trauma. He plans to follow the children of service members who died in Afghanistan for the next 20 years. A) Cross-sectional B) Retrospective C) Prospective Answer: C 14) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. Scientists studying the migration habits of Aleutian geese collect data from reports measuring the number of geese during "fly-offs" over the past 15 years. A) Cross-sectional B) Retrospective C) Prospective Answer: B 15) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To conduct a study of hospital admittance procedures, a list of hospital locations according to county is compiled. All the hospitals from 20 randomly selected counties are selected to be surveyed. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: D 16) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. A county water quality control officer obtains a list of all residential addresses in the county and constructs a sample of homes to monitor by selecting every 200th home on the list. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: A 17) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To obtain a sample of pregnant women, a researcher contacts her son's preschool teacher for a list of names. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: B 18) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. Biologists divide the regions where Red foxes are found into the Nearctic, Palearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, and the Australian region. They plan to follow 100 female foxes from each region to find the average (mean) number of their offspring. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: C 19) To assess the variation in measurement (in cubic centimeters) of pre-filled syringes containing experimental cervical cancer vaccine, manufacturers select every 200th syringe beginning at a random moment. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? A) Yes; yes B) Yes; no C) No; yes D) No; no Answer: B 20) To monitor levels of the giardia parasite in the Rio Grande, aquatic biologists collect test tube samples at various locations determined by a computer randomization program. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? A) Yes; yes B) Yes; no C) No; yes D) No; no Answer: A Exam B 1) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. Nurses measure and calculate the average (mean) body temperature for all 187 patients at a regional hospital. A) Statistic B) Parameter Answer: B 2) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. A sample of Sidewinder, or Horned, Rattlesnakes is found to have an average (mean) length of 26 inches. A) Statistic B) Parameter Answer: A 3) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. A sample of male Bighorn sheep has an average (mean) horn base circumference of 43.2 centimeters. A) Discrete B) Continuous Answer: B 4) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. The Produce for Better Health Foundation manages the campaign advocating consumers to eat "5 Fruits and Vegetables A Day for Better Health" and gathers data on the number of servings of fruit and vegetables that a sample of Americans ate yesterday A) Discrete B) Continuous Answer: A 5) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Doctors measure the weights (in pounds) of pregnant women. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: D 6) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Scientists classify the four major deserts in North America using different regions: the Great Basin, the Mojave, the Sonoran, and the Chihuahuan. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: A 7) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Physicians rank the severity of asthma using mild intermittent asthma, mild persistent asthma, moderate persistent asthma, severe persistent asthma, or brittle asthma. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: B 8) Determine which of the four levels of measurement is most appropriate. Biologists monitor the air temperature of the Biosphere 2 in Oracle, Arizona. A) Nominal B) Ordinal C) Interval D) Ratio Answer: C 9) A ________ is the complete collection of all measurements or data, whereas, a ________ is a subcollection of members selected from the complete collection. A) population; sample B) sample; population C) sample; census D) population; parameter Answer: A 10) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. In a study of the Bald Eagle population, the number of breeding pairs is counted. A) Observational study B) Experiment Answer: A 11) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. Patients with severe heart failure were randomly assigned to two treatment groups to compare death and hospitalization rates. One group was treated with drug therapy while the other group was treated with a combination of drugs and an electrical device. A) Observational study B) Experiment Answer: B 12) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. Climatologists studying global warming record the average (mean) temperature of the Earth and the change in size of the ice caps during the next 50 years. A) Cross-sectional B) Retrospective C) Prospective Answer: C 13) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. Geneticists studying the biodiversity of roses collect data from reports classifying the number of varieties during the past 30 years. A) Cross-sectional B) Retrospective C) Prospective Answer: B 14) In a cross-sectional study, data are ________. A) observed, measured, and collected at one point of time B) observed, measure, and collected over a period of time C) collected from a past time period D) collected in the future from groups that share common factors Answer: A 15) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. Biologists studying the pH level of state waterways obtain a sample of streams from a randomly generated list by selecting every 5th stream on the list. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: A 16) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To conduct a survey of the interest of U.S. citizens in Yellowstone National Park, a list of zipcodes is compiled. All citizens in 50 different zipcodes are selected to be mailed a survey. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: D 17) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To obtain a sample of diabetics, a graduate student contacts nearby hospitals for a list of names. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: B 18) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. Medical researchers following living organ donors classify donors according to whether they donated a kidney, a portion of the liver, a portion of the lung, bone marrow, or blood. The general health of 200 donors from each category is monitored for five years. A) Systematic B) Convenience C) Stratified D) Cluster Answer: C 19) To assess the variation in volume (in cubic centimeters) of different manufacturers' pre-filled hormone injections, reproductive biologists select every 50th syringe beginning at a random moment. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? A) Yes; yes B) Yes; no C) No; yes D) No; no Answer: B 20) To monitor the population of Herring in Manchester, New Hampshire, fisheries biologists catch samples of the fish in a river at various locations determined by a computer randomization program. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? A) Yes; yes B) Yes; no C) No; yes D) No; no Answer: A Exam C 1) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. Park rangers identified the average (mean) number of reported bear sightings in all 32 state parks. Answer: Parameter 2) Determine whether the given value is a statistic or a parameter. A sample of patients had kidney transplants that lasted an average (mean) of 15 years. Answer: Statistic 3) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. The mean number of times that a sample of 50 adults have visited their dentist is 2.3 times. Answer: Discrete 4) Determine whether the given values are from a discrete or a continuous data set. The number of caterpillars from a sample of 55 milkweed plants is 185. Answer: Discrete 5) Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) is most appropriate. Doctors measure the weights (in pounds) of diabetic patients. Answer: Ratio 6) Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) is most appropriate. Marine Biologists classify turtles in the state of Florida using 5 different species: Loggerhead, Green Turtle, Leatherback, Hawk's Bill, and Kemp's Ridley. Answer: Nominal 7) Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) is most appropriate. The cholesterol level for patients at a hospital is noted as optimal, borderline high, and high. Answer: Ordinal 8) Determine which of the four levels of measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio) is most appropriate. Biologists measure the water temperature of Lake Okeechobee Answer: Interval 9) Identify the sample. A graduate student conducts a research study on undergraduate student nutrition. She begins with a survey to 250 randomly selected undergraduate students from five randomly selected U.S. universities. Answer: 250 randomly selected undergraduate students from five randomly selected U.S. universities 10) Identify the population. A researcher randomly selects 40 male prairie chickens at the Crane Meadows Nature Center in Nebraska to study their mating rituals. Answer: All the male prairie chickens at the Crane Meadows Nature Center in Nebraska 11) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. A doctor gives a new medication to half of his patients with the flu and a placebo to the other half of his patients with the flu. Answer: Experiment 12) Would an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate to investigate the effects on humans of a substance known to be toxic? Explain. Answer: Observation 13) Would an observational study or an experiment be more appropriate for investigating the effects on fertilizer on plant growth? Explain. Answer: Experiment 14) Determine whether the given description corresponds to an observational study or an experiment. Felines with diabetes are randomly divided into three treatment groups (oral insulin, injected insulin, and a control group) to compare differences in glucose levels. Answer: Experiment 15) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. A researcher from the county school system is studying the effects of an intervention on the growth mindset on school performance. He plans to follow the children who participated in this intervention for the next 5 years to see if performance differs for those who participated from those who didn't. Answer: Prospective 16) Identify the type of observational study: cross-sectional, retrospective, or prospective. Scientists studying pelican injuries due to fishing line entanglement collect data from reports measuring the number of injured pelicans over the past 12 years. Answer: Retrospective 17) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. A county water quality control officer obtains a list of all residential addresses in the county and constructs a sample of homes to monitor by selecting every 200th home on the list. Answer: Systematic 18) Explain the difference between stratified and cluster sampling. Answer: In both cluster sampling and stratified sampling, sub-groups (clusters or strata) are formed. However, in stratified sampling, all strata are used and a sample is selected from each strata. In cluster sampling, a sample of the clusters is first selected, then all members of those clusters are selected. 19) Determine the type of sampling used: systematic, convenience, stratified, or cluster. To obtain a sample of females with rotator cuff injuries, a researcher asks people she sees at her gym whether they have had such an injury. Answer: Convenience 20) To assess the variation in measurement (in mL) of pre-filled vials containing Albuterol, manufacturers select every 100th vial beginning at a random moment. Does this sampling plan result in a random sample? Simple random sample? Answer: Yes; no Chapter 2 Exam A Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the choice that best answers the problem. Use the frequency distribution to answer the first four questions. A sample of 80 juvenile salmon is grouped into the resulting frequency distribution based on their weights. Weight (in grams) Frequency 100-149 15 150-199 10 200-249 30 250-299 25 1) The distribution of the histogram for the weights of the juvenile salmon appears: A) Normal B) Skewed left C) Uniform D) Skewed right 2) If a relative frequency distribution were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the relative frequency for the class weighing 150-199 grams? A) 12.5% B) 31.25% C) 18.75% D) 37.5% 3) If a cumulative frequency distribution were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the cumulative frequency for the class weighing less than 200 grams? A) 15 B) 25 C) 55 D) 80 4) If a pie chart were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the measure of the central angle for the class weighing 200-249 grams? A) 67.5° B) 112.5° C) 45° D) 135° 12 1)____________ 2)____________ 3)____________ 4)____________ 5) Which choice displays the best graphic display of the amount of nitrous oxide (NO) explained by the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in million metric tons over a ten year period in the United States? The data set is below: CO 5638 5708 5893 5807 5881 5939 6024 6032 5946 6022 NO 351 349 345 339 335 335 362 371 376 384 A) Nitrous Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) B) Nitrous Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions in the U.S. over Ten Years Emissions in the U.S. over Ten Years Emission in Million Metric Tons 5000 5500 6000 6500 13579 CO NO Year C) Nitrous Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) D) Nitrous Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions in the U.S. over Ten Years Emissions in the U.S. over Ten Years 5600 5700 5800 5900 6000 6100 320 340 360 380 400 CO Emission in Million Metric Tons NO Emission in Million Metric Tons NO Emission in Million Metric Tons 320 340 360 380 400 5600 5800 6000 6200 CO Emission in Million Metric Tons 5)____________ 6) A nurse measured the blood pressure of each person who visited her clinic. Following is a relative-frequency histogram for the systolic blood pressure readings for those people aged between 25 and 40 years. The blood pressure readings were given to the nearest whole number. Approximately what percentage of the people aged 25-40 had a systolic blood pressure reading between 110 and 119 mm Hg inclusive? Systolic Blood Pressure for People Aged 25 – 40 Years A) 0.35% B) 3.5% C) 30% D) 35% 7) A nurse measured the blood pressure of each person who visited her clinic. Following is a relative-frequency histogram for the systolic blood pressure readings for those people aged between 25 and 40 years. The blood pressure readings were given to the nearest whole number. Approximately what percentage of the people aged 25-40 had a systolic blood pressure reading between 110 and 139 mm Hg inclusive? Systolic Blood Pressure for People Aged 25 – 40 Years A) 75% B) 89% C) 59% D) 39% 14 6)____________ 7)____________ 8) A researcher records the number of new loggerhead turtle nests she locates each day. The data are as follows. 10 11 8 14 7 10 10 11 8 7 Which of these choices displays the correct dotplot? 9) The following data show the number of patients seen by a doctor in a day for twelve days. 46 65 55 43 51 48 57 30 43 49 32 56 Which of these choices displays the correct stemplot? A) B) 3 0 2 3 0 2 4 3 3 6 8 9 4 3689 5 1 5 6 7 4 13567 6 5 6 5 15 8)____________ 9)____________ 10) The scatterplot below displays the amount of nitrous oxide (NO) explained by the amount of carbon monoxide (CO) emissions in million metric tons over a ten year period in the United States. Select the choice that best describes any relationship between the variables. A) There is a negative linear association between NO and CO. B) There is a positive linear association between NO and CO. C) Overall, there is no noticeable relationship between NO and CO. D) NO can be explained by CO. NO Emission in Million Metric Tons 390 380 370 360 350 340 330 Nitrous Oxide (NO) and Carbon Monoxide (CO) Emissions in the U.S. for Ten Years 5600 5650 5700 5750 5800 5850 5900 5950 6000 6050 6100 CO Emission in Million Metric Tons 11) The following frequency distribution represents the age at which Alzheimer’s was first diagnosed. Find the class midpoint for the interval 70-79. Age Number of Diagnoses 50-59 2 60-69 4 70-79 6 80-89 15 90-99 5 A) 75.0 years B) 70.5 years C) 74.5 years D) 79.5 years 16 10)___________ 11)___________ 12) The histogram below represents the number of digital thermometers per household for a sample of U.S. households. What is the sample size? Number of Digital Thermometers Per U.S. Household A) 100 households B) 5 households C) 50 households D) 90 households 13) The weights (in pounds) of 22 members of the junior varsity football team are listed below. 144 152 142 151 160 152 131 164 141 153 140 144 175 156 147 133 172 159 135 159 148 171 Which of these choices displays the correct stemplot? A) B) 13 1 3 5 13 135 14 0 1 2 4 4 7 8 14 1223699 15 1 2 2 3 6 9 9 15 0124478 16 0 4 16 0 4 17 1 2 5 17 125 14) The two key parts of a regression equation involve the ____________ and the y-____________. A) slope; intercept B) asymptote; intercept C) slope; axis D) asymptote; axis 15) Analysis of the data from 25 mothers indicates that an infant’s birth weight (g), y, can be estimated by a mother’s weight (kg), x, using the regression equation 31 1501.yx=+ For every _______ kg increase in a mother’s weight, the infant’s birth weight increases by _________ g. A) 31; 1501 B) 1; 31 C) 31; 1 D) 1501; 31 17 12)___________ 13)___________ 14)___________ 15)___________ 16) Analysis of the data from 25 mothers indicates that an infant’s birth weight (g), y, can be estimated by a mother’s weight (kg), x, using the regression equation 31 1501.yx=+ If a mother’s weight is 70 kg, the infant’s birth weight can be estimated as _________ g. A) 48,701 B) 1718 C) 46 D) 3671 17) Excessive drinking and the episodes of throat cancer have a high correlation, but it does not prove _________. A) correlation B) causation C) exponentiation D) a linear relationship 18) The frequency distribution below summarizes employee years of service for a regional hospital. Determine the width of each class. Years of Service Frequency 1-5 5 6-10 20 11-15 25 16-20 10 21-25 5 26-30 3 A) 5 years B) 6 years C) 4 years D) 10 years 19) The frequency distribution below summarizes employee years of service for a regional hospital. Determine the class boundary(ies) for the class 11 - 15. Years of Service Frequency 1-5 5 6-10 20 11-15 25 16-20 10 21-25 5 26-30 3 A) 25 years B) 11 and 15 years C) 10.5 and 15.5 years D) 10 and 16 years 20) A quality control manager wants to monitor the production of its pills to be sure that the mean amount of medication does not change over time. Which of the following graphs is most helpful for that purpose A) Time-series graph B) Pareto chart C) Pie chart D) Histogram 18 16)___________ 17)___________ 18)___________ 19)___________ 20)___________ Answer Key Testname: CHAPTER 2 EXAM A 1) B 2) A 3) B 4) D 5) D 6) D 7) A 8) A 9) A 10) C 11) C 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) B 16) D 17) B 18) A 19) C 20) A 19 Chapter 2 Exam B Name MULTIPLE CHOICE. Select the choice that best answers the problem. Use the frequency distribution to answer the next eight questions. A sample of 272 log jams found in river channels in the Northwest U.S. is grouped into the resulting frequency distribution based on the width of the channel in which the log jams were found. Width of Channel Frequency of Log Jams 0-4m 103 5-9m 82 10-14m 49 15-19m 16 20-24m 16 25-29m 6 1) The distribution of the histogram for the width of the channels appears ______________. A) Normal B) Skewed left C) Uniform D) Skewed right 2) If a relative frequency distribution were constructed for the width of the channels, what would be the relative frequency for the class with a width of 20-24m? A) 5.9% B) 18% C) 2.2% D) 30.1% 3) If a cumulative frequency distribution were constructed for the width of the channels, what would be the cumulative frequency for the class width less than 10m? A) 103 B) 234 C) 185 D) 250 4) If a pie chart were constructed for the width of the channels, what would be the measure of the central angle for the class width 10-14m? A) 21.2° B) 136.3° C) 108.5° D) 64.9° 5) The histogram below represents the number of digital thermometers per household for a sample of U.S. households. What is the sample size? Number of Digital Thermometers Per U.S. Household A) 5 B) 50 C) 90 D) 100 20 1)____________ 2)____________ 3)____________ 4)____________ 5)____________ 6) The following data consists of the weights (in pounds) of 15 randomly selected women and the weights of 15 randomly selected men. Which of these choices displays the correct back-toback stemplot? Women: 128 150 118 166 142 122 137 110 175 152 145 126 139 111 170 Men: 140 153 199 186 169 136 176 162 196 155 173 190 141 166 153 A) B) Men 6 1 0 5 3 3 9 6 2 6 3 6 9 6 0 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Women 0 1 8 2 6 8 7 9 2 5 0 2 6 0 5 7) According to USA Today, the largest categories of sports equipment sales are as follows: fishing ($2.0 billion); firearms and hunting ($3.1 billion); camping ($1.7 billion); and golf ($2.5 billion). What type of graph would depict these different categories and their relative amounts the best? A) A pie chart B) A bar chart C) A column chart D) A Pareto chart 8) The frequency distribution below summarizes the home sale prices in the city of Summerhill for the month of June. Determine the width of each class. Sale Price (in thousand $) Frequency 80.0 - 110.9 2 111.0 - 141.9 5 142.0 – 172.9 7 173.0 – 203.9 10 204.0 – 234.9 3 235.0 – 265.9 1 A) 61 B) 31 C) 28 D) 30 Men Women 6 1 0 5 3 3 9 6 2 6 3 9 6 9 6 21 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 0 1 2 6 8 7 9 2 5 0 2 4 6 0 5 6)____________ 7)____________ 8)____________ 9) A nurse measured the blood pressure of each person who visited her clinic. Following is a relative-frequency histogram for the systolic blood pressure readings for those people aged between 25 and 40 years. The blood pressure readings were given to the nearest whole number. Approximately what percentage of the people aged 25 -40 had a systolic blood pressure reading between 110 and 139 mm Hg inclusive? Systolic Blood Pressure for People Aged 25 – 40 Years A) 59% B) 39% C) 89% D) 75% 10) The following frequency distribution d e p i c t s the scores on a math test. Find the class midpoint of scores for the interval 95-99. Scores Number o f Students 75-79 2 80-84 4 85-89 6 90-94 15 95-99 5 A) 97.5 B) 97.0 C) 96.5 D) 98.0 22 9)____________ 10)___________ 11) A nurse measured the blood pressure of each person who visited her clinic. Following is a relative-frequency histogram for the systolic blood pressure readings for those people aged between 25 and 40 years. The blood pressure readings were given to the nearest whole number. Approximately what percentage of the people aged 25 -40 had a systolic blood pressure reading between 110 and 119 mm Hg inclusive? Systolic Blood Pressure for People Aged 25 – 40 Years A) 35% B) 0.35% C) 3.5% D) 30% 12) The Kappa Iota Sigma Fraternity polled its members on the weekend party theme. The vote was as follows: six for toga, four for hayride, eight for luau, and two for masquerade. Which of these choices displays the correct Pareto chart? 23 11)___________ 12)___________ 13) The following data show the number of patients seen by a doctor in a day for 12 days. 46 65 55 43 51 48 57 30 43 49 32 56 Which of these choices displays the correct stemplot? A) B) 3 0 2 3 0 2 4 3 3 6 8 9 4 3689 5 1 5 6 7 4 13567 6 5 6 5 14) The following frequency distribution displays the scores on a math test. Find the class boundaries of scores interval 40-59. Scores Number o f students 50-59 2 60-69 4 70-79 6 80-89 15 90-99 5 A) 49.5, 59.5 B) 50.5, 59.5 C) 49.5, 58.5 D) 50.5, 58.5 15) The following data represents the age at which a sample of patients had their first dental implant. 38 39 37 37 44 38 41 38 39 35 42 39 43 37 41 Which of these choices displays the correct dotplot? 24 13)___________ 14)___________ 15)___________ 16) A pharmaceutical company is always trying to create new flavors of children’s cough medicine. They are market testing three kinds to find out which one has the best chance of being consumed. They give small samples of each to 20 children at a pediatrician’s office. Four tasters preferred the Strawberry Cream, 12 preferred Choco-Nuts, and four loved the Orange Mint. Construct a Pareto chart to represent these preferences. Choose the vertical scale so that the relative frequencies are represented. 25 16)___________ 17) The frequency distribution below summarizes the home sale prices in the city of Summerhill for the month of June. Determine the class midpoint (in thousand $) for the class 235.0 -265.9. Sale Price ( in thousand $) Frequency 80.0 - 110.9 2 111.0 - 141.9 5 142.0 - 172.9 7 173.0 - 203.9 10 204.0 - 234.9 3 235.0 - 265.9 1 A) 250.4 B) 250.55 C) 250.45 D) 250.5 18) Identify the cumulative frequency distribution that corresponds to the given frequency distribution. Age at Death Frequency 0-29 4 30-59 16 60-89 60 90-119 20 A) B) Age at Death Cumulative Frequency Age at Death Less than 30 0.04 Less than 30 4 Less than 60 0.20 Less than 60 20 Less than 90 0.80 Less than 90 80 Less than 120 1.00 Less than 120 100 C) D) Age at Death Cumulative Frequency Age at Death 0-29 4 Less than 30 100 30-59 20 Less than 60 80 60-89 80 Less than 90 82 90-119 100 Less than 120 4 19) The linear __________ coefficient denoted by r measures the __________ of the linear association between two variables. A) correlation; strength B) probability; likelihood C) exponential; exponent D) squares; weakness 20) Smoking and the episodes of lung cancer have a high correlation, but it does not prove _________. A) causation B) correlation C) exponentiation D) a linear relationship 26 Cumulative Frequency Cumulative Frequency 17)___________ 18)___________ 19)___________ 20)___________ Answer Key Testname: CHAPTER 2 EXAM B 1) D 2) A 3) C 4) D 5) D 6) A 7) D 8) B 9) D 10) B 11) A 12) A 13) A 14) A 15) D 16) A 17) C 18) B 19) A 20) A 27 Chapter 2 Exam C Name SHORT ANSWER. Using the following information, write the word, phrase, or value that best answers the problem. 1) A study of physical fitness tests for 12 randomly selected Pre-Medical students measured their exercise capacity (in minutes). The following data resulted: 34 19 33 30 43 36 32 41 31 31 37 18 Construct a stem and leaf plot of the students' exercise capacity. Use the frequency distribution to answer the next six questions. A sample of 80 juvenile salmon is grouped into the resulting frequency distribution based on their weights. Weight (in grams) Frequency 100-149 15 150-199 10 200-249 30 250-299 25 2) Identify the class width, the class midpoints, and the class boundaries for the class 150 – 199. 3) Construct a corresponding histogram for the weights of the juvenile salmon. 4) Describe the shape of the distribution of the histogram for the weights of the juvenile salmon. 5) If a relative frequency distribution were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the relative frequency for the class weighing 200-249 grams? 6) If a cumulative frequency distribution were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the cumulative frequency for the class weighing less than 250 grams? 7) If a pie chart were constructed for the weights of the salmon, what would be the measure of the central angle for the class weighing 150-199 grams? 8) A bar chart and a Pareto chart both use bars to show frequencies of categories of categorical data. What characteristic distinguishes a Pareto chart from a bar chart and how does that characteristic help us in understanding the data? 9) A medical school performed a study to find the main causes leading to its students dropping out of school. Thirty cases were analyzed, and a primary cause was assigned to each case. The causes included unexcused absences (U), illness (I), family problems (F), and other causes (O). The results for the thirty cases are listed below: U U U I F O O U I F F O U I I F I I O U I F F U U I I O F U Construct a table summarizing the frequency distribution of the primary causes leading to student dropout. 28 1)____________ 2)____________ 3)____________ 4)____________ 5)____________ 6)____________ 7)____________ 8)____________ 9)____________ 10) Use the high closing values of Statstar Inc. stock from the years 2005 - 2016 to construct a time-series graph. (Let x = 0 represent 2005 and so on.) Identify a trend. Year High Year High 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 48 53 47 55 58 61 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 62 60 68 42 51 78 11) Describe at least two advantages to using stemplots rather than frequency distributions. 12) The following data set represents the systolic blood pressure (in mm Hg) for 24 adults as measured at their annual physical. 105 125 110 98 102 115 110 123 118 101 95 128 110 105 122 107 118 107 117 125 116 110 101 107 Construct a frequency distribution with 4 classes, a class width of 2 hours, and a lower limit of 100 for class 1. 13) The graph below shows the number of car accidents occurring in one city in each of the years 2011 through 2016. The number of accidents dropped in 2013 after a new speed limit was imposed. Does the graph distort the data? How would you redesign the graph to be less misleading? Number of Car Accidents for 2011 – 2016 14) Upon entering a medical exam, 26 patients were asked their ages. The results are shown below. Construct a histogram to represent the data (with 5 classes beginning with a lower class limit of 19.5 and a class width of 10). What is the approximate age at the center? 43 56 28 63 67 66 52 48 37 51 40 60 62 66 45 21 35 49 32 53 61 53 69 31 48 59 15) Suppose that a data set has a minimum value of 24 and a maximum of 79 and that you want 5 classes. Explain how to find the class width for this frequency table. What happens if you mistakenly use a class width of 11 instead of 12? 29 10)___________ 11)___________ 12)___________ 13)___________ 14)___________ 15)___________ 16) Describe the differences between a histogram and a stemplot and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each. 17) The frequency table below shows the amount of weight loss during the first month of a diet program for a group of men. Construct a frequency polygon. Applying a loose interpretation of the requirements for a normal distribution, do the pounds of weight loss appear to be normally distributed? Why or why not? Weight (lb) Frequency 5-7 2 8-10 9 11-13 18 14-16 13 17-19 4 20-22 1 18) Define the difference between a relative frequency distribution and a cumulative frequency distribution. 19) Graphs should be constructed in a way that is fair and objective. A common deceptive graph alters the axes of the graph in what way? 20) Describe how a data point labeled as an outlier can affect the analysis of a data set in a frequency distribution or histogram. 30 16)___________ 17)___________ 18)___________ 19)___________ 20)___________ Answer Key Testname: CHAPTER 2 EXAM C 1) 2 1 8 9 3 0 1 1 23467 4 1 3 2) class width = 50; midpoints = 124.5,174.5, 224.5, 274.5 class boundaries = 99.5,149.5,199.5, 249.5, 299.5 3) Notes: midpoints of classes were used; there should not be gaps between the bars. 4) Slightly skewed left. 5) 0.375 6) 55 7) 45 8) In a Pareto chart, the bars are arranged in descending order according to frequencies. The Pareto chart helps us understand data by drawing attention to the categories which have the highest frequencies. 9) Cause Frequency U 9 I 9 F 7 O 5 10) Trend: Answers will vary. Possible answer: Except for a drop in high closing value in 2007, there was a steady rise through 2013, after which there was a sharp drop in 2014 followed by increases through 2016. High Closing Values of Statstar Inc. Years Since 2005 31 11) Answers will vary. Possible answer: The shape of a distribution can readily be seen. The plot can be drawn quicker, since class width need not be calculated. 12) Charges $ Frequency 100 2 110 12 120 5 130 5 13) The graph distorts the data because the vertical scale starts at 60 rather than 0, giving the impression of a large difference in the number of accidents, when actually the number of accidents only varies from 90 to 120. To make the graph less misleading, change the vertical scale so that it begins at 0 and increases in increments of 20. 14) The approximate age at the center is 50 years. 15) Since the range is 79 24 55−= , and 55 divided by 5 equals 11, a whole number, the class width has to be widened from 11 to 12. If the class width was 11 data values equal to 79 would not be included in the frequency distribution. 16) Answers will vary. A histogram organizes the data into classes that have widths determined by the designer. Once a histogram has been created, the original data values can no longer be determined. An advantage is that large amounts of data can be organized into a relatively small space. For stemplots, the groups are determined by place value. The original data values are still accessible from stemplots. Stemplots can be prohibitively large for large sets of data. 17) Amount of Weight Loss Among Males During First Month 18) A relative frequency distribution displays the proportion or percentage of the total. The sum of the percentages is 100%. Another variation of a frequency distribution is a cumulative frequency distribution in which the frequency for each class is the sum of the frequencies for that class and all previous classes 19) A common deceptive graph involves using a vertical scale that starts at some value greater than zero to exaggerate differences between groups. 20) An outlier is defined as a data point far away from the other data points. An outlier affects the calculation of the mean of a data set and will pull the mean towards the outlier. In addition, an outlier will extend the range of the data set, causing most of the bin intervals to be bunched together along with a large range of bins with no data until the outlier bin is reached. This makes the analysis more difficult if the outlier is included making it more difficult to see the behavior of the rest of the data points.