Test Bank Evolution, Making Sense Of Life, 2nd Revised Edition by Carl Zimmer, Emlen

Test Bank, Chapter 1 1. Which of the following is NOT an example of evolution? (a) Beak size in a population of birds becomes larger from one generation to the next because larger beaked birds had higher reproductive success and passed the trait to their offspring (b) Over long periods of time whales gradually lost their hindlimbs (c) When traveling to high altitude, human physiology changes to accommodate lower oxygen levels (d) All of the above are examples of evolution 2. The fluke of a whale and the fluke of a shark: (a) are homologous traits (b) arose through convergent evolution (c) are the result of natural selection (d) b and c are correct (e) all are correct 3. Mammary glands in whales and humans: (a) are a synapomorphy for these species and other mammals (b) are homologous traits (c) were likely present in the most recent common ancestor of humans and whales (d) all are correct (e) none are correct 4. Based on current fossil evidence: (a) whales were likely fully aquatic before they evolved peg-like teeth or baleen (b) evolution of baleen forced whales to become fully aquatic (c) the teeth of extinct whales such as Dorudon were similar to those of extinct land mammals (d) a and c are correct (e) b and c are correct 5. One important feature that links extinct organisms such as Pakicetus and Indohyus to cetaceans is: (a) the shape of a bone in the middle ear (b) the presence of forelimb flippers (c) the lack of hindlegs (d) peg-like teeth 6. The placement of whales within the artiodactyls is supported by: