Surgery: Surgical Nursing Exam with Verified Solutions

____ Surgeries: Typically an elective surgery in a non-contaminated, non-traumatic, & non-inflamed surgical site. EX: neuter, elective orthopedic surgery. - answer Clean Surgeries _____ Surgeries: Surgical incision into contaminated area. Surgery involves the respiratory, GI, or genitourinary system, such as a hollow organ. Enterotomy, cystotomy, enterectomy. - answer Clean-Contaminated Surgeries ____ Surgeries: Similar to clean-contaminated surgeries, but with leakage or a major break in sterile technique - accidental. EX: enterotomy, enterectomy, cystotomy, cholecystectomy. - answer Contaminated Surgeries ____ Surgeries: A hollow organ is ruptured. Already leakage or break that we know about. EX: infected surgical site, septic peritonitis, abscess, ruptured GI, gallbladder, pyometra. - answer Dry/Dirty Surgeries ____ ____ are used to decrease the risk of infection. - answer Prophylactic antibiotics Antibiotics should never be given ____ to animals undergoing surgery because this contributes to the development of ____ strains of bacteria. - answer indiscriminately, resistant Indications for Prophylactic Antibiotics: Operative time is more than ____. Patient is at an increased ____ for infection. A ____ ____ is to be entered. Incision is in an area that is difficult to ____ prepare (toe, ear). - answer 90 minutes, risk, hollow viscus, aseptically Indications for Prophylactic Antibiotics: Orthopedic ____- hardware could harbor bacteria. ____ procedures. Consequences of infection could be ____. - answer implants, Joint, devastating Indications for Prophylactic Antibiotics: 3 T's - answer Time. Trash. Trauma. Antibiotics should be given at least ____ before the procedure. - answer 20 minutes Antibiotics should not be given ____ post-operatively unless there is infection present. - answer 6-24 hours Incisions should be evaluated ____ daily. - answer twice Wound should be evaluated with respect to the ____ ____. - answer surgical procedure Abnormalities of the surgical incision is seen ____ days post-op. - answer 1-3 days Abnormalities that could be seen with surgical incisions - answer Redness. Swelling. Drainage. Dehiscence. Mild redness and swelling is to be expected with ____ procedures, usually no drainage - answer elective Contaminated wounds (laceration, perianal wounds, etc) may often have ____, ____, ____, and be ____ to the touch. - answer drainage, swelling, redness, and be warm ____ are localized areas of fluctuant swellings secondary to extensive surgical dissection beneath the incision- may persist for weeks. - answer Seromas Seromas causes: Tissue planes could not be or were not adequately ____. Excessive ____ occurs at the incision site. - answer closed, motion Treatment for Seromas - answer Warm compress, +/- bandaging or drainage. Aspiration is usually not necessary and could result in infection When dead space is filled with blood, instead of a Seroma it is called a ____ - answer hematoma ____ or ____: May occur 4-6 days post-op. Warm incision. Fever. Redness. Drainage. - answer Infection or Cellulitis Treatment for infection or cellulitis - answer Warm compresses. Drainage. Systemic antibiotics. ____: Wound breakdown. A separation of all layers of an incision or wound. - answer Dehiscence Contributing factors to dehiscence: - answer Improper suture technique. Tension on the incision line. Infection. Seroma formation. Sutures/staples typically removed after ______ - answer 10-14 days ____ may be necessary in patients that are licking, chewing at incision. - answer E-collar Bandage Maintenance includes: