Pharmacology Review Test 7 June 2020 Chapters 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39

Pharmacology Review Test 7 June 2020 Chapters 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39 PHARMACOLOGY Review Test 7 : Medication Templates ATI (7.0) Chapters 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39. Clayton Chapters 35, 36, 45, 41. Pharmacology Made Easy: Endocrine System; Immune System; Infection. Know drug’s purpose, complications, interactions, administration, lab tests, teaching. Chapter 34: Diabetes Mellitus, p. 287  Diabetes mellitus : failure of insulin production or failure of insulin binding to its receptors  Type 1 diabetes mellitus – no insulin production – must give insulin  Type 2 diabetes mellitus – insulin resistance – not binding to receptors (give oral medication) Insulin : Insulin: must admin for Type 1 diabetic  . Admin insulin and oral medication for Type 2 diabetic when client under stress  Know All Insulins listed on page 287 (ATI) – onset, peak, duration  Rapid-acting : lispro insulin: when is best time before meals? (onset)  Short-acting : regular insulin (clear) - draw up regular 1 st , then NPH in same syringe Intermediate-acting : NPH insulin (cloudy)   Long-acting : insulin glargine: Do not mix with other insulins  Long-acting : insulin detemir: Do not mix with other insulins  The following insulins can be mixed in the same syringe with another insulin : * Insulin lispro * Regular insulin * NPH insulin * Insulin aspart * Insulin glulisine  Hypoglycemia : * low blood glucose (FSBS) less than 70 mg/dL * hypoglycemia symptoms occur at time of insulin peak  Glucagon : for hypoglycemia - give SQ or IM if patient is unconscious or NPO  Hyperglycemia : high blood sugar. Admin insulin or oral antidiabetic med.(see orders) Insulin therapy precaution  : skipping meals can cause severe hypoglycemia (death)  A1c test – determines glycemic control over past 8 – 10 weeks Oral antidiabetics: admin to Type 2 diabetic. Not effective for Type 1 diabetic.  Sulfonylureas – oral antidiabetic stimulates insulin release from the pancreas * Interaction: Beta Blockers mask symptoms of hypoglycemia  Metformin : *oral antidiabetic. *Take with meals. Reduces glucose production in liver * Complications: *Lactic acidosis - report myalgia (muscle pain) STAT *GI effects: anorexia, N/V (monitor weight loss) * Interaction: iodine-containing contrast media: discontinue med 24-48 hr prior  Pioglitazone : oral antidiabetic – Complication: fluid retention- monitor for edema Increases cellular response to insulin by decreasing insulin resistance.