NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3

NSG 530 Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3Advanced Pathophysiology 530 - Exam 3 1. A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this? A) Calcium B) Struvite C) Uric acid D) Indinavir: B) Struvite 2. A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor mus- cle. Which condition is associated with this medical problem? A) Spinal cord injury B) Immune system dysfunction C) Congestive heart failure D) Renal carcinoma: A) Spinal cord injury 3. Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct? A) It is associated with p53. B) Symptoms include painless hematuria. C) Early stages produce a large abdominal mass. D) Granular cell tumors have better prognosis.: B) Symptoms include painless hematuria. 4. A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms? A) Cystitis B) Pyelonephritis C) Urinary tract infection D) Asymptomatic bacteriuria: B) Pyelonephritis 5. With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated? A) Escherichia coli B) Staphylococcus C) Group A Streptococcus D) Klebsiella: C) Group A Streptococcus 6. A diabetic child with 4.0 g of protein in her urine each day is experiencing edema and vitamin D deficiency. Which is the most likely diagnosis? A) Nephritic syndrome B) Nephrotic syndrome C) Acute renal failure D) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis: Nephrotic syndrome 7. A 2-month-old male patient presents with the urethral opening on the dorsal surface of the penis. Which term is the correct name for this anomaly? A) Hypospadias B) Epispadias C) Exstrophy D) Ureteropelvic junction: Epispadias 8. A patient presents with wide-set eyes, "parrot beak" nose, low-set ears, and receding chin. What is the renal manifestation associated with this presenta- tion? A) Potter syndrome B) Polycystic kidney disease C) Infundibular stenosis D) Megacalycosis: Potter syndrome 9. A 6-year-old has just recovered from streptococcal pharyngitis.Which state- ment regarding this child's acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis is true? A) Antibody-antigen complexes of IgM, IgG, and IgA are deposited. B) The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown. C) There is decreased vascular permeability. D) No signs of inflammation are present.: The exact mechanism of immune complexes is unknown. 10. A patient presents with skin lesions as well as hematuria, proteinuria, and abdominal pain. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms? A) Henoch-Schonlein purpura B) Hemolytic uremic syndrome C) Primary nephrotic syndrome D) Minimal change nephropathy: Henoch-Schonlein purpura 11. What is the cause of minimal change nephropathy? A) Fusion of the glomerular foot processes B) Verotoxin of E. coli C) IgA deposition D) Inflammation of the glomeruli: Fusion of the glomerular foot processes 12. A child whose kidneys are enlarged presents with chills, fever, and abdom- inal pain. The most likely diagnosis is: A) acute pyelonephritis. B) vesicoureteral reflux. C) urinary tract infection. D) enuresis.: acute pyelonephritis 13. What are the major causes of bladder outlet obstruction? A) Urethral valves and polyps B) Kidney stones and Wilms' tumor C) Kidney stones and warts D) Urethral valves and warts: Urethral valves and polyps 14. Which conditions are complications of a horseshoe kidney? (select all that apply) A) Hydronephrosis B) Hypospadias C) Infection D) Stone formation E) Enuresis: Hydronephrosis Infection Stone formation 15. The development of which characteristic is the first sign of puberty in females? A) Menarche B) Pubic hair C) Thelarche D) Dysmenorrhea: Thelarche 16. Which term describes painful menstruation associated with the release of prostaglandins in ovulatory cycles? A) Primary dysmenorrhea B) Primary amenorrhea C) Secondary dysmenorrhea D) Secondary amenorrhea: Primary dysmenorrhea 17. Which condition must be ruled out when identifying the cause of sec- ondary amenorrhea? A) Abnormal thyroid function B) Irregular prolactin production C) Pituitary gland dysfunction D) Unknown pregnancy: Unknown pregnancy