NR 602 Midterm Study GuideTopics 26-30 updated 2020

Topics 26-30: Cryptosporidium, Pyloric stenosis, Intussusception, Celiac Disease, & Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Cryptosporidium

Cryptosporidium is a parasite.  This is a living organism that live sin, or on, another organism.  It can infect bowels and cause cryptosporidiosis.  This is a form of bowel infection called Gastroenteritis, which leads to diarrhea and vomiting. 

In most healthy people, the infection produces a bout of watery diarrhea and will go away within a week or two.  Immunocompromised patients…This can be a life -threatening disease.

SSX: The first SSx usually appear within the week after infection

•       Watery diarrhea

•       Dehydration

•       Lack of appetite

•       Weight loss

•       Stomach cramps

•       Fever

•       N/V

Some people infected will have no symptoms. 

Preventing the spread with good hand hygiene, washing fruits and veggies, avoid fecal exposure, avoid contaminated water

Symptoms usually resolve on their own

Pyloric Stenosis

Characterized by hypertrophied pyloric muscle, causing narrowing of the pyloric sphincter. 

•       Occurs in 3/1000 births

•       Males >females

•       Familial

•       Common in first born Caucasian males

Clinical findings:

•       Regurgitation and NON projectile vomiting first few weeks of life

•       PROJECTILE vomiting at 2 to 3 weeks old

•       Insatiable appetite, with weight loss

•       Dehydration, constipation

•       Linked to erythromycin administration n first weeks of life

PE:

•       Weight loss

•       Vomit that can contain blood

•       A distinct “olive” mass that is often palpated in the epigastrium to the right of the midline

•       Reverse peristalsis is seen

Diagnostics

•       US

•       Upper GI series shows a “string sign”

Management

Surgery (Pyloromyotomy) after correction of fluid balance

Prognosis is excellent

Intussusception

•       Thought to be the most frequent reason for intestinal obstruction in children

•       Most commonly occurs in children 5 to 10 months of age

•       Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children 3 months to 6 yo  80% occur before age 2