CMTO MCQ 2023 Study Guide Material

CMTO MCQ 2023 Study Material 11. Definition of anticipatory control: Responses made in intoxication of planned movements such as person planing to pull on handle etc. 12. Definition of passing grades closed loop control: For precision movements that require sen- sory feedback (maintaining balance while standing on beam for example) 13. Aerobic vs. Anaerobic: Aerobic means "with oxygen," and anaerobic means "without oxygen." 14. What is myocardial oxygen consumption: a measure of the oxygen con- sumed by the myocardial muscle 15. Indications and benefits for effleurage: Increase venous and lymphatic re- turn, introductory and transitional technique, decrease edema 16. Indications and benefits of stroking: Reduces pain and can relax or stimulate, can have changes in resting muscle tension and neuromuscular tone, reduce spasm, and decrease limb spasticity 17. Indications and benefits of compression: Reduce resting muscle tension, can increase lymphatic and venous return, can be used for postural drainage 18. Indications and benefits of petrissage: Reduce resting skeletal muscle ten- sion, increase tissue extensibility, increased circulation,increase relaxation 19. Indications and benefits of rocking and shaking: Decrease unnecessary muscle tension, good for before joint mobilization's and before sports events, re- laxing effects 20. Indications and benefits of skin rolling: For restrictions in superficial fascia, decrease resting muscle tension, increase fascia mobility, increase ROM, break up adhesions 21. Indications and benefits of direct fascial and myofascial: Increases mobility in fascia, decrease effects of scars and adhesions, lengthen fascial layers 22. Indications and benefits of frictions: Increase extensibility of CT, treating adhesions, improve scar tissue, increase ROM 23. Indications and benefits of muscle stripping: Reduce pain and symptoms of trigger points, restore length and strength of muscle 24. How to treat trigger points?: 1. Warm up tissues with effleurage and stripping to muscle 2. Confirm tp through referral pattern, twitch, pain, etc. 3. Go to 7/10 on pain scale and hold until tp releases 4. Use heat and stretch muscle to release 25. Indications and benefits of vibration: Pain relief and chances to neuromus- cular tone, reduce resting muscle tone 26. Indications and benefits of percussive techniques: Airway clearance, pos- tural drainage, pain relief, can be relaxing or stimulating 27. Name and describe 3 phases of general adaptation in pathogenesis of stress: Alarm phase- adrenaline release initiating flight or fight response (increased BP, respiration, perspiration, muscle tone, dilated pupils) Resistance or adaptation: hormones secreted to increase blood sugar levels and increase BP(adrenal cortex involvement in this phase) Exhaustion: body reserves and immunity is depleted 28. Name and describe types of cell injury: Reversible cell injury- impairment in cells normal structure or function and returns once stress/cause is removed Irreversible cell injury: cell death, due to apoptosis or necrosis 29. Define atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, meta plasma, and dysplasia: At- rophy- decrease in size of cells. And be due to vascular insufficiency, malnutrition, chronic inflammation Hypertrophy- increase in size of cell without increase in total number of cells (occurs when increased functional demands placed on cells) Hyperplasia- increased number of cells which increases size of organs due to extra cells d/t excessive functional demands on cells that can divide Metaplasia-chance from one cell type to another Dysplasia- increase in cell numbers with abnormal morphology and histology 30. Signs of inflammation: redness/erythema, heat, swelling/edema, pain 31. 5 cardinal signs of inflammation: heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function 32. Autoimmune diseases ethology and manifestations: Etiology is genetic,hor- monal, environmental, medications, toxins, and/or chemicals, manifestations include inflammation in organs, fatigue, malaise, and arthralgia 33. Treatment for autoimmune disease: Immunosuppressant medications, corti- costeroid medications 34. Define lymphoma, carcinoma, leukaemia, myeloma, and sarcoma: Lym- phoma- cancer of lymphatic system Carcinoma- cancer of epithelium Sarcoma-cancer of connective tissues Leukaemia, myeloma- cancer of hematopoietic system (blood cells, immature cells of bone marrow) 35. Define stages of malignant tumors: Stage 0: premalignant Stage 1- early stage-local only Stage 2- large Timor size and risk of spread/malignancy Stage 3: local cancer has spread to organs/tissues in its proximity Stage 4: cancer has spread to distant organs/tissues 36. What are the most common cancers in both women and men: Men; prostate, lung,colorectal Women: breast,lung,colorectal 37. Neoplasm risk factors: Smoking, drinking, obesity, inactivity, diet, unsafe sex, air pollution, contaminated injectors, stress, carcinogens, genetics, ethnicity, age 38. Manifestations of cancer: Nadeau and vomiting Fatigue Anorexia/weight loss Fever with no infection Wasting away Pain Night sweats 39. Manifestations if skin disease: Pruritis(itching) Urticaria(raised itchy bumps) Rash Blisters/vesicles Xeroderma-dry skin