Case Study Annelise Arger Vanmeter-Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions 5th Edition

Case Study Annelise Arger Vanmeter-Gould’s Pathophysiology for the Health Professions 5th Edition ANNELISE ARGER VANMETER- GOULD’S PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH PROFFESSIONS 5TH EDITION CASE STUDY lOMoARcPSD|14985576 VanMeter: Gould's Pathophysiology for the Health Professions, 5th Edition Chapter 5: Inflammation and Healing Case Study 1 A young boy, age 2 years, pulled a pot of boiling water over his head, arms, and chest, resulting in a mixed burn to the anterior surface of his head and arms, chest, and feet. Discussion Questions 1. Discuss the factors that determine the classification of the types of burns and determine what type(s) this victim probably has. (See Classification of Burns.) Depth and involvement of tissues, epidermis only-redness and pain. Part of dermisalso blisters and sloughing off. All of dermis (and deeper)-charred, hard and dry child probably has 1st and 2nd degree burns. 2. Discuss how the physicians in the emergency room will determine the percentage of the body that may be burned and what special considerations may be involved when evaluating a child. (See Percentage of BSA Burned.) BSA rules of 9. children have larger heads and smaller torsos so percentage must be adjusted 3. Discuss the additional effects associated with burns and the treatments involved, which include shock, pain, electrolyte and fluid imbalances, respiratory complications, infection, metabolic problems, and anemia. (See Effects of Burn Injury.) hypovolemic shock: fluids and electrolytes respiration: oxygen pain: analgesics infection: antimicrobials 4. Discuss the actions to promote the healing of burns. Specifically address the problems that may be associated with scarring and the effects of growth that this 2-year-old may experience. (See Healing of Burns.) small burns: cover wounds with non stick dressing large burns: skin grafts Case Study 2 lOMoARcPSD|14985576 JL, a 50-year-old woman, fell and broke the left tibia at the ankle. She is in the emergency department, waiting for the fracture to be immobilized. The leg hurts and she notes that the ankle is swelling. A diagnosis of a simple fracture and sprain (damage to ligaments) is made. 1. What is the cause of pain and swelling? What can JL expect in the days to come as inflammation resolves and healing begins? Swelling is caused by soft tissue damage due to an injury. The injury causes movement of fluid and white blood cells to the damaged area. The increased fluid on the nerves causes and the release of chemical mediators cause the pain the patient is feeling. This patient should expect the pain and swelling to reduce as the healing process begins. 2. What is the rationale for immobilizing the fractured bone? Immobilizing a fracture bone is rationalized by preventing further damage to the area, which could possible lead to prolonging or complications in the healing and repair. Immobilizing this fracture can also reduce swelling and pain. 3. She is told to come back to the fracture clinic in 24 hours to have her cast checked. What could happen to the inflamed tissue if the edema increases in the casted area? If the edema increases in the casted area, it will cause an increase in pressure, a decrease in blood flow, which could lead to damaged muscles and nerves. 4. She reports feeling fatigued and anorexic, and has a low-grade temperature. What is the cause of these symptoms? When there is trauma to the body such as a fracture, inflammation takes place andthis response can usually cause a low-grade fever. Fatigue and anorexia are also effects of the inflammation that is taking place. It is a sign that the body is repairing itself.