ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM WITH RATIONALE

ATI PHARMACOLOGY PROCTORED EXAM WITH RATIONALE A provider prescribes phenobarbital for a client who has a seizure disorder. The medication has a long half-life of 4 days. How many times per day should the nurse expect to administer this medication? A. One RATIONALE (Medications with long half-lives remain at their therapeutic levels between doses for long periods of time. The nurse should expect to administer this medication once a day.) A. "I should avoid eating right before I chew a piece of nicotine gum." B. "I will need to stop using the nicotine gum after 1 year." C. "I know that nicotine gum is a safe alternative to smoking if I become pregnant." D. "I must chew the nicotine gum quickly for about 15 minutes. - A staff educator is reviewing medication dosages and factors that influence medication metabolism with a group of nurses at an in-service presentation. Which of the following factors should the educator include as a reason to administer lower medication dosages? (Select all that apply.) A. Increased renal secretion B. Increased medication-metabolizing enzymes C. Liver failure D. Peripheral vascular disease E. Concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes - ANSWER-C. Liver failure E. Concurrent use of medication the same pathway metabolizes C. Liver failure RATIONALE decreases metabolism and thus increases the concentration of a medication. This requires decreasing the dosage. E. When the same pathway metabolizes two medications, they compete for metabolism, thereby increasing the concentration of one or both medications. This requires decreasing the dosage of one or both A nurse is preparing to administer eye drops to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.) A. Have the client lie on her side. B. Ask the client to look up at the ceiling. C. Tell the client to blink when the drops enter her eye. D. Drop the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation - ANSWER-B. Ask the client to look up at the ceiling. D. Drop the medication into the center of the client's conjunctival sac. E. Instruct the client to close her eye gently after instillation (B. The client should look upward to keep the drops from falling onto her cornea. D. The nurse should drop the medication into the center of the conjunctival sac to promote distribution. E. The client should close her eye gently to promote distribution of the medication) A nurse is completing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for transdermal patches. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the instructions? ANSWER-C. "I will apply the patch to an area of skin with no hair." RATIONALE (The client should apply the patch to a hairless area of skin to promote absorption of the medication.)