Rad Pathophysiology Ch 2 Last updated 26 April 2021 0 1345 How many bones make up the body? 206 How many bones make up the appendicular skeleton? Axial skeleton? Appendicular-126Axial-80 What is the Medullary Canal? Where bone marrow is located What is the trabeculae? Web like bony structures visible on properly exposed radiographs What are osteoblasts? Osteoclasts? Osteoblasts- Bone forming cellsOsteoclasts- Cells that break down bone What are the bone classifications? Long, short, irregular, flat What is the diaphysis of the bone? The shaft, primary ossification center What is the epiphysis of the bone? Expanded end portion, secondary ossification center What is the metaphysic? Growth zone between the epiphysis and diaphysis When is proper technique achieved? When soft tissue and bone structures are visible and trabecular patterns are seen What is OI's common name? Osteogenisis Imperfecta, AKA "Brittle Bone Disease" What is the difference between OI Imperfecta and Tarda? Imperfecta- Fx's are present at birthTarda- Fx's appear same year after birth Upgrade to remove ads Only $3.99/month Radiographic appearance of OI: Multiple fx's, decreased bone mass, trabeculae are thin/widely spread Physical appearance of someone with Achondroplasia: Normal trunk with shortened spread extremities What is osteopetrosis? Increase in bone density What is the common name for osteopetrosis? "Marble Bone Disease" What is Syndactyly? Failure of the fingers to separate (Web-like) What is polydactyly? Extra digit What is clubfoot? What is it also known as? Foot turned in at ankle, more common in males, AKA Talipes What is Congenital Hip Dislocation (CDH)? Malformation of the acetabulum What is scoliosis? Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine How will the spine curve in each region if someone has scoliosis? Thoracic- RightLumbar- Left What is the importance of radiation protection when doing a scoliosis series? Shielding of the breast tissue in an adolescent What is spina bifida? Incomplete closure of the laminae Spina bifida is common in which area? Lumbosacral area What is Craniosynostosis? Premature closing of the cranial sutures What is Anencephaly? Brain and cranial vault do not form How do you diagnose Anencephaly? Ultrasound What is osteomyelitis? Infection of the bone/marrow Osteomyelitis commonly affects which groups of people? Infants/children What is the modality of choice for Osteomyelitis? NM Bone Scan What is Tuberculosis? Chronic inflammatory disease of bone What areas do TB commonly affect? Hip, knee, spine What is Pott's disease? TB of the spine What is the radiographic appearance of TB? "Worm eaten" What is RA? Rheumatoid Arthritis- Joint inflammation When does RA occur? 30-40 What areas does RA commonly affect? Hands, feet, knee What is the life expectancy difference for someone with RA? 3-7 years from aspirin use What is Reiter's syndrome? Form of RA in young males, affects GI system and infections of the genitals from STD's What is Ankylosing Spondylitis? Progressive form of arthritis that mainly affects the spine and the SI joints Common name for Ankylosing Spondylitis "Bamboo Spine" Radiographic appearance of Bamboo Spine: Bilateral & fuzziness of the SI joints, later calcifications of the bone of the spine which eventually becomes a rigid block of bone What is Osteoarthritis? Most common type of arthritis in the bone What is the most common type of arthritis Osteoarthritis What is the common name for Osteoarthritis? Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD) Which joints does Osteoarthritis affect? Weight bearing joints (hip, knee, and ankle) What is the radiographic appearance for Osteoarthritis? Narrowing of Joint spaces What is Osteopenia? Radiographic appearance of decreased bone density What is Osteoporosis? Condition of decreased bone density What is the cause for Osteomalacia? Caused by lack of calcium & failure of bone tissue to calcify What is Rickets Disease? Osteomalacia that occurs before growth plates close What is Paget's Disease? Is when bone undergoes destruction & is replaced by abnormally soft & poorly mineralized material that is thicker than bone Where does Paget's disease commonly affect? What is the Radiographic appearance of Paget's disease? Affects pelvis, spine, skull, long bones. "Cotton" or "Wool" Is there a cure for Paget's Disease? No What is Acromegaly? Endocrine disorder that affects the skeletal system (Gigantism) What are the causes of Acromegaly? Caused by excessive secretion of growth hormones What is whiplash? Soft tissue neck injury What is the most common radiographic finding of whiplash? Loss of lordosis What is spondylosis? Cleft or breaking of the vertebral body between superior & inferior articular process (pars interarticularis) What is the "Pars Defect"? Radiographic appearance of a broken neck of the scotty dog What is Spondylosis best demonstrated on radiographic wise? Oblique lumbar What is Spondylolisthesis? Body of vertebrae slipped forward Where is Spondylolisthesis most commonly present? L5-S1 What image is Spondylolisthesis best demonstrated on? Lateral What is the most common vertebral column condition? General back pain What is the modality of choice for lower back pain? Radiography How does osteochondroma attach to tissue? To bone by bony stock What is an Ewing's tumor? Neoplasms occur @ younger age than any other primary malignancy What is the radiographic appearance of an Ewing's tumor? "Onion Skin" What role does CT play in diagnosing? It has an ability to produce images excellent soft tissue & contrast resolution What is metastases? Movement of cancer from one place to another What is the most common malignant tumor? Metastatic disease What is the most common metastatic site? Spine What are the other most common metastatic sites? Ribs, sternum, pelvis, skull, upper ends of both femur and humerus Most common primary sites for metastatic cancer is: Breast, lung, prostate, kidney, thyroid and bowel Share this post
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