Skeletal System Flashcard Last updated 28 April 2021 0 1351 Passing Grades Flashcards What is the skeletal system? all of the bones in the body and tissues such as tendons, ligaments and cartilage that connect them. How many bones do adults have? 206 bones How many bones do babies have? 300 bones Four parts of skeletal system Bones, joints, cartilage, ligaments Axial skeleton Head and trunk of vertebrae Appendicular skeleton arms and legs Functions of bones Support - gives form to the bodyProtection- of internal organsMovement - bones act as lever where muscles attach for movementStorage - of minerals (Calcium & Phosphorus) and fatsProduction - red marrow produces blood cells Two basic types of bone tissue compact bone and spongy bone Classification of bones Long bones, short bones, flat bones, and irregular bones Long Bones Typically longer than wideAbsorb stress from body weightContain mostly compact boneExamples: Femur, humerus Short Bones Generally cube-shapeContain mostly spongy boneExamples: Carpals, tarsals Flat Bones Thin and flattenedUsually curvedThin layers of compact bone around a layer of spongy boneExamples: Skull, ribs, scapula, sternum Irregular Bones Irregular shapeDo not fit into other bone classification categoriesExample: Vertebrae and hip Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone Diaphysis: Central Shaft and Composed of compact boneEpiphysis: Ends of the bone and Composed mostly of spongy bone Structures of a Long Bone Medullary cavity, Endosteum, Periosteum, Arteries, Articular Cartilage, Medullary Cavity Hollow chamber, Contains yellow marrow (mostly fat) in adults, Contains red marrow (for blood cell formation) in infants Endosteum membrane that lines the medullary cavity Periosteum Outside covering of the diaphysis, Dense irregular connective tissue covers bone Arteries Supply bone cells with nutrients Articular Cartilage Covers the external surface of the epiphyses, Made of hyaline cartilage, Decreases friction at joint surfaces What are the three types of bone cells found in living bone? Osteoblasts, Osteocytes, and Osteoclasts Osteoblasts Producing cells. Found on bone surface. Form matrix of bone in which they then become enclosed Osteocytes Maintenance cell. These are osteoblasts that are trapped inside the matrix in the lacunae chambers (mature bone). Osteoclasts Dissolving cells. Bone cells found throughout bone tissue. Function in bone growth and repair. Share this post
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