Nutrition Exam Practice Questions and Answers

1) Which of the following nutrients is crucial in maintaining blood health? A) thiamin

B) folate

C) phosphorus D) calcium Answer:  B Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

Test Bank For Wardlaw's Contemporary Nutrition

2) Which of the following cells are key to our immune function? A) erythrocytes

B) leukocytes C) macrocytes D) osteocytes Answer:  B Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

3) The most common micronutrient deficiency worldwide is

A) calcium.

B) vitamin B12. C) iron.

D) folate. Answer:  C Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

4) The oxygen-carrying protein found in our red blood cells is called

A) myoglobin. B) hemoglobin. C) iron.

D) hemosiderin. Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

5) The oxygen-carrying protein used to transport oxygen in muscle is called

A) myoglobin. B) hemoglobin. C) iron.

D) ferritin. Answer: A Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

6) The "meat factor" is a(n)

A) substance found in meat, fish, and poultry that enhances nonheme iron absorption. B) substance found in meat, fish, and poultry that enhances heme iron absorption.

C) iron-containing coenzyme involved in the metabolism of animal-based proteins.

D) substance found in meat and poultry, but not fish, that enhances heme iron absorption. Answer: A

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

7) Which of the following will impair nonheme iron absorption? A) low amounts of stomach acid

B) low dietary intake of iron

C) iron-deficiency anemia D) chronic blood loss Answer: A

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

8) Iron absorption is enhanced by

A) polyphenols. B) fiber.

C) phytates. D) vitamin C. Answer:  D Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

9) Insufficient intake of iron will FIRST affect the body's levels of

A) hemoglobin. B) hephaestin. C) transferrin.

D) ferritin. Answer: D Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

10) The two storage forms of iron are ferritin and

A) ceruloplasmin. B) transferrin.

C) hemosiderin. D) hephaestin. Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

11) The majority of the body's iron is found in

A) ferritin.

B) hemoglobin. C) ferroportin. D) transferrin. Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

12) Which of the following is a good source of heme iron? A) fish

B) spinach

C) fortified bread

D) beans Answer: A Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

13) Stage I of iron deficiency is also called

A) iron-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) iron depletion.

C) iron-deficiency anemia. D) microcytic anemia. Answer:  B

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

14) Which of the following is a positively-charged trace mineral? A) calcium

B) zinc

C) sodium D) chloride Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

15) Consuming which of the following foods would assist zinc absorption? A) chicken

B) tomato

C) spinach

D) whole wheat bread

Answer: A Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

16) Zinc is a structural component of the DNA-binding proteins that help regulate gene expression. These proteins are known as

A) zinc blocks. B) zinc enzymes.

C) zinc coenzymes. D) zinc fingers. Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

17) Approximately what is the highest rate of absorption of dietary zinc? A) 5%

B) 10% C) 35% D) 80%

Answer:  C Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

18) The copper-containing protein found in the blood that oxidizes iron for transport is

A) ferritin.

B) transferrin.

C) ceruloplasmin. D) ferric copper. Answer:  C

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

19) A majority of zinc is carried in the blood by

A) transferrin. B) albumin.

C) lipoproteins. D) chylomicrons. Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

20) Copper is absorbed from the

A) mouth. B) stomach.

C) small intestine. D) large intestine. Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

21) After absorption, which blood protein binds copper for transport to the liver? A) transferrin

B) albumin

C) globulin

D) hemoglobin Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

22) Which of the following individuals is MOST likely to have a copper deficiency? A) an adult vegan

B) premature infant fed milk-based formula

C) adolescent female gymnast

D) adolescent male long-distance runner

Answer:  B Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

23) Which disorder is closely associated with copper toxicity? A) Wilson's disease

B) macrocytic anemia C) Alzheimer’s disease D) rickets

Answer: A Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

24) Which of the following individuals would be MOST at risk for a vitamin K deficiency? A) a 55-year-old menopausal woman

B) a 16-year-old who drinks 4-5 cans of soda each day

C) a 30-year-old with Crohn's disease

D) a 6-year-old who doesn't eat any vegetables

Answer:  C Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.7

25) The primary sources of folate in the American diet are

A) milk and dairy products.

B) fresh fruits and vegetables. C) meat, fish, and poultry.

D) enriched ready-to-eat cereals and breads. Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

26) Which form of folate is found in most supplements? A) folic acid

B) folate

C) five hydroxy folate

D) prefolate Answer: A Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

27) How does folate function in maintaining blood health? A) Folate is essential for synthesis of new red blood cells. B) Folate is essential for the synthesis of heme iron.

C) Folate acts as a coenzyme in blood coagulation. D) Folate is essential for iron oxidation.

Answer: A Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

28) During stage II of folate deficiency, the lack of folate results in

A) low levels of methionine. B) copper toxicity.

C) iron deficiency.

D) high levels of homocysteine. Answer:  D

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

29) Folate deficiency during pregnancy increases the risk for

A) a newborn with Down's syndrome. B) gestational diabetes in the mother.

C) a newborn with a neural tube defect. D) a large-for-gestational age newborn. Answer:  C

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

30) During the fourth and final stage of folate deficiency, the body can experience

A) pernicious anemia.

B) iron-deficiency anemia. C) macrocytic anemia.

D) microcytic anemia. Answer:  C

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

31) Stage II folate deficiency is called

A) folate-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) folate-deficiency anemia.

C) folate depletion.

D) negative folate balance. Answer:  C

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

32) Consumption of high levels of folate supplements can mask deficiency of

A) niacin.

B) vitamin B6. C) iron.

D) vitamin B12.

Answer:  D Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

33) Vitamin B12 is also called

A) ascorbic acid.

B) cyanocobalamin. C) folate.

D) pyradoxal. Answer:  B Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

34) Vitamin B12 plays a role in the formation of red blood cells as a component of coenzymes that

A) synthesize heme.

B) assist with DNA synthesis.

C) assist in the coagulation of blood. D) assist in iron oxidation.

Answer:  B Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

35) Which nutrient requires intrinsic factor for absorption? A) ascorbic acid

B) cyanocobalamin

C) zinc

D) potassium Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

36) Who is MOST likely to be vitamin B12 deficient? A) an ovo-lacto vegetarian

B) a vegan

C) a pesce vegetarian

D) a person who eats meat, poultry, and fish

Answer:  B Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

37) Vitamin B6 is essential for the synthesis of

A) T cells.

B) memory cells. C) heme.

D) iron. Answer:  C Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

38) Prothrombin and factor VII are

A) hormones that regulate the pH of the blood.

B) proteins that are involved in the coagulation of blood. C) cofactors of energy metabolism.

D) transport proteins that aid in the absorption of iron. Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.7

39) Inadequate intrinsic factor is associated with

A) pernicious anemia. B) sickle-cell anemia. C) neural tube defects. D) thalassemia. Answer: A

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

40) Which of the following is part of the nonspecific branch of the immune system? A) stomach acid

B) complement proteins

C) corticosteroids D) lymphocytes Answer: A

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

41) Antigen-sensitized cells that remain in circulation for long periods of time are called

A) platelets.

B) erythrocytes. C) leukocytes.

D) memory cells. Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

42) To reduce the chances of having a baby with neural tube defects, all women of childbearing age should ensure they maintain an adequate intake of which vitamin?

A) niacin

B) folate

C) ascorbic acid

D) cyanocobalamin

Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

43) Pernicious anemia is classified as a type of

A) macrocytic anemia. B) microcytic anemia. C) cogulation disorder. D) autoimmune disease. Answer: A

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

44) Which of the following cells plays a key role in nonspecific immunity? A) T cells

B) B cells

C) plasma cells

D) natural killer cells

Answer:  D Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

45) Which of the following nutrients is a coenzyme for glutathione peroxidase? A) selenium

B) copper

C) ascorbic acid

D) zinc Answer: A Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

46) Which iron transporter helps regulate intestinal iron absorption and release? A) hephaestin

B) ferroportin

C) platelets D) ferritin Answer:  B Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

47) Red blood cells are also called

A) platelets.

B) leukocytes. C) enterocytes. D) erythrocytes. Answer:  D

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

48) The cell fragments found in blood that help form clots and stop bleeding are called

A) platelets. B) plasma.

C) erythrocytes.

D) leukocytes. Answer: A Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

49) Which component of blood is fluid and necessary for maintaining adequate blood volume? A) erythrocyte

B) leukocyte

C) platelet D) plasma Answer:  D Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

50) In the United States, accidental overdose of which micronutrient is the most common cause of poisoning deaths in children under age six?

A) copper

B) iron

C) vitamin C D) zinc Answer:  B Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

51) The second stage of iron deficiency, in which the body experiences a decrease in the transport of iron, is called

A) iron-deficiency erythropoiesis. B) iron-deficiency anemia.

C) iron depletion.

D) hemochromatosis. Answer: A

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

52) The small red blood cells that characterize microcytic anemia do not contain enough hemoglobin to transport adequate oxygen or allow

A) aerobic respiration.

B) adequate production of growth hormones.

C) adequate transfer of electrons to produce energy. D) the production of plasma cells.

Answer:  C Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

53) The cells of the specific immune system attack which of the following targets? A) plasma

B) macrophages

C) antibodies D) antigens Answer:  D Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

54) Which type of white blood cell can become either a memory cell or a plasma cell to be used in a specific immune response?

A) T cell

B) B cell

C) natural killer cell D) erythrocyte Answer:  B

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

55) Which type of white blood cells can fight infection by killing body cells that contain viruses or other harmful non-self substances?

A) erythrocytes

B) cytotoxic T cells

C) B cells D) antigens Answer:  B Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

56) Antiserum delivers immediate protection when administered after a snakebite by providing

A) antibodies to attack the snake venom.

B) a small amount of snake venom to activate specific immunity. C) neutrophils to attack the snake venom.

D) undifferentiated B cells. Answer: A

Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

57) Vaccinations help the body develop immunity to a disease by providing

A) a flood of the specific microbe to cause the disease. B) cytotoxic T cells to attack the microbes.

C) helper T cells to activate other immune cells.

D) a small amount of weakened or killed antigen from a specific microbe to activate the specific immune response.

Answer:  D Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Is the Immune System, and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

58) How does protein-energy malnutrition affect the immune system? A) suppresses nonspecific immune responses

B) has no effect on the immune system

C) diminishes immune response to antigens D) enhances specific immune responses Answer:  C

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

59) How does vitamin A affect the immune system? A) It has no effect on the immune system.

B) It is necessary for the differentiation of immune cells. C) It suppresses the immune response.

D) It takes up and stores iron, keeping it away from invading microbes. Answer:  C

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

60) Vitamins C and E protect the cell membrane from damage by

A) natural killer cells.

B) reactive oxygen species molecules. C) erythrocytes.

D) cytotoxic T cells. Answer:  B

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

61) Excessive supplementation of which of the following minerals results in diminished absorption of copper and depressed immunity?

A) manganese

B) zinc

C) selenium D) iron Answer:  B Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

62) Excessive amounts of which trace mineral can act as a potent pro-oxidant that damages the membranes of immune cells?

A) selenium B) calcium C) zinc

D) iron Answer:  D Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

63) Which nutrient deficiency causes viruses to multiply over a longer period of time and to mutate into more pathogenic strains?

A) zinc

B) selenium

C) iron

D) copper Answer:  B Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

64) Infectious disease can promote malnutrition by A) decreasing the individual’s resting metabolic rate. B) decreasing the individual’s body temperature.

C) increasing the loss of nutrients through diarrhea and/or vomiting. D) increasing the individual’s appetite.

Answer:  C Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

65) Erythrocytes make up the largest component of whole blood.

Answer: FALSE Diff: 1

Skill: Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

66) Blood plasma contains plasma proteins, the most abundant of which is ceruloplasmin. Answer: FALSE

Diff: 1

Skill: Remembering

Section: What Are the Functions and Components of Blood? Learning Outcome:  12.1

67) Decreased immunocompetence is an indicator of malnutrition. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

68) Heme iron is absorbed better than non-heme iron. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

69) Too much iron is toxic. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

70) Iron is a major mineral. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

71) Non-heme iron is found only in plant-based foods. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

72) The iron found in red meat is poorly absorbed compared with the iron found in spinach.

Answer:  FALSE Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

73) The iron in hemoglobin is non-heme iron. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

74) Calcium aids iron absorption. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

75) In iron-deficiency anemia, red blood cells are microcytic and hypochromic. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

76) Both excessive and insufficient intakes of zinc can impair immune function. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

77) High zinc intake enhances the absorption of copper and iron. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: How Does Zinc Support Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.5

78) Copper is a major mineral that is ubiquitous in food. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

79) Without adequate vitamin K, blood does not clot properly. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.7

80) Individuals with Crohn's disease are at a high risk of becoming vitamin K-deficient. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.7

81) Vitamin K is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.7

82) Folic acid is the form of folate found in most foods. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

83) Diets rich in folate are associated with elevated blood levels of the amino acid homocysteine. Answer:  FALSE

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8

84) Obesity has been associated with an increased susceptibility to and poorer outcomes from infection.

Answer: TRUE Diff: 1

Skill:  Remembering

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System?

Learning Outcome:  12.10

85) In someone with influenza, helper T cells kill infected body cells. Answer: FALSE

Diff: 3

Skill: Applying

Section: What Is the Immune System and How Does It Function? Learning Outcome:  12.9

86) An individual who is HIV positive is at increased risk for vitamin A deficiency. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: How Does Nutrition Affect the Immune System? Learning Outcome:  12.10

87) In infants and young children, osteoporosis can occur with copper deficiency. Answer: TRUE

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

88) Describe the unique property of iron that allows it to carry oxygen on hemoglobin. Answer: Answers will vary.

Diff: 473

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.2

89) Describe the factors and processes that affect iron absorption in the body. Answer: Answers will vary.

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.3

90) Describe the three stages of iron-deficiency anemia and how each affects the body's ability to use oxygen.

Answer: Answers will vary. Diff: 2

Skill:  Understanding

Section: Why Is Iron Essential to Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.4

91) Explain how copper affects iron status in the body. Answer: Answers will vary.

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Is the Role of Copper in Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.6

92) Why is folate such an important nutrient for the developing embryo? Answer: Answers will vary.

Diff: 4

Skill: Analyzing

Section: What Vitamins Help Maintain Blood Health? Learning Outcome:  12.8