Sample Chapter 6: American Indians: From Conquest to Tribal Survival in a Postindustrial Society
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Test Bank: Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition Joseph F. Healey
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following statements about American Indian cultures is true?
a. The universe is a unity in the traditional view of many American Indian cultures.
b. The concept of property ownership is not prominent in American Indian cultures.
c. In many American Indian cultures, cooperative group activities are stressed over those of a
competitive, individualist nature.
d. Many American Indian tribes are organized around egalitarian values.
*e. All of the above
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244
Question Type: MC
2. The passage of the Indian Reorganization Act took place during President ________’s administration.
a. John F. Kennedy
b. Jimmy Carter
*c. Franklin D. Roosevelt
d. Richard Nixon
e. Harry Truman
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 247
Question Type: MC
3. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was founded in ________.
a. 1954
*b. 1944
c. 1934
d. 1924
e. 1914
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252
Question Type: MC
4. According to the text, there are currently about ________ gaming establishments on reservations.
a. 500
*b. 400
c. 300
d. 200
e. 100
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264
Question Type: MC
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
5. In renditions of ________, American Indians are often portrayed as bucks and squaws, complete with
headdresses, bows, tepees, and other “generic” Indian artifacts.
*a. “The Noble Red Man”
b. “The Red Savage”
c. “The Proud Chief”
d. “The Warrior”
e. “The Red Rebel”
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 265
Question Type: MC
6. In 2004, the Native American Church’s right to use ________ was upheld by the Supreme Court of
Utah.
a. tobacco
b. marijuana
*c. peyote
d. LSD
e. hemp
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269
Question Type: MC
7. Which of the following statements about American Indians in the U.S. is true?
a. About two-thirds of American Indian children attend segregated schools.
b. American Indians are overrepresented in more lucrative professions.
*c. Less than 1% of all American Indians hold a seat in an elected office.
d. The poverty rate for all American Indian families is less than the national rate.
e. About 50% of young American Indians hold a college degree.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Political Power; p. 272
Question Type: MC
8. Ben Nighthorse Campbell of Colorado became the first American Indian to be elected to the U.S.
Senate in ________.
a. 1928
b. 1954
c. 1978
*d. 1992
e. 2001
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Political Power; p. 272
Question Type: MC
9. The concept of private property among American Indians . . .
a. Was highly developed
b. Applied only to land, not livestock or other living things
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
c. Applied only to horses, buffalo, and articles of clothing
*d. Was not highly developed
e. Varied greatly, according to many tribes
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 243
Question Type: MC
10. Women in American Indian tribes . . .
*a. Often held important economic and political roles
b. Were always subordinates to men
c. Held economic power sometimes but never political power
d. Were excluded from all forms of gardening and farming
e. Could not be healers or teachers
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244
Question Type: MC
11 Indian reservations were managed by ________.
a. elected tribal members
*b. the Bureau of Indian Affairs
c. the Office of Indian Trade
d. the Bureau of American Affairs
e. the Bureau of Tribal Reservation Affairs
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246
Question Type: MC
12. In the early reservation period, tribal membership was determined by ________.
a. the tribes
b. the U.S. army
c. the women of the tribe
*d. the Bureau of Indian Affairs
e. who the father was
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246
Question Type: MC
13. As a result of the Dawes Act of 1887, American Indians . . .
a. Were barred from dominant school groups
b. Lost the right to vote
*c. Lost most of their land
d. Were barred from joining the U.S. army
e. Became increasingly independent
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246
Question Type: MC
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
14. The BIA sent American Indian children to boarding schools. The children . . .
a. Were intentionally separated from their culture and communal ties
b. Were forbidden to speak their native languages
c. Were prevented from visiting their families and tribes when school was not in session
d. Were punished or ridiculed for practicing tribal religions and observing tribal dress codes
*e. All of the above
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 247
Question Type: MC
15. In order to be governed by the provisions of the Indian Reorganization Act, tribes were required to
________.
a. sign peace treaties
b. move to Oklahoma
c. give up their remaining land
*d. adopt a constitution and hold elections
e. honor and obey tribal elders
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; pp. 247–248
Question Type: MC
16. By 1948, ________ tribes were governed by the Indian Reorganization Act.
a. 10
*b. fewer than 100
c. almost 1,000
d. about 200
e. almost 500
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248
Question Type: MC
17. The federal policy of termination was intended to encourage . . .
a. Pluralism
*b. A return to the system of private land ownership imposed on the tribes
c. The economic development of reservations
d. American Indians to leave cities and return to their traditional homelands
e. Increased control by the federal government
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249
Question Type: MC
18. The Trail of Broken Treaties was a protest march to ________.
*a. Washington, D.C.
b. Wounded Knee, South Dakota
c. Alcatraz Island, San Francisco
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d. the Navaho reservation in Arizona
e. Chicago, Illinois
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253
Question Type: MC
19. In what way did the Red Power movement lead to more assimilation?
a. The federal government was successfully forced to honor all treaty obligations.
*b. Native Americans from different tribes had to find common bonds in order to work together.
c. Loyalty to tribal traditions was strengthened.
d. Younger American Indians were alienated from the more assimilated older generation.
e. Militant American Indian women joined forces with the women’s liberation movement.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253
Question Type: MC
20. The Council of Energy Resource Tribes (CERT) was founded by 25 American Indian tribes in order to . .
.
a. Organize gambling on reservations
b. Develop outdoor recreational facilities on reservations
c. Improve the educational and health care facilities on reservations
*d. Manage and develop the natural resources controlled by tribes
e. Prevent the dumping of toxic waste on reservations
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Natural Resources; p. 259
Question Type: MC
21. The National Congress of American Indians (NCAI) was managed by ________.
a. the Red Power movement
b. the Bureau of Indian Affairs
*c. members from many different tribes
d. members from the principal tribe
e. only American Indians who served in the military
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252
Question Type: MC
22. The National Council of American Indians’ program stressed the importance of . . .
a. Protecting and improving upon the rights given through treaties
b. Protecting the welfare of American Indians as well as preserving their culture and tribal institutions
c. Promoting mutual support between tribes and the government
d. Improving the quality of life of Indian Americans
*e. All of the above
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Early Efforts; p. 252
Question Type: MC
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
23. On American Indian reservations, unemployment . . .
a. Rarely exceeds 10%
b. Has been declining rapidly in recent years
c. Is unmeasured since no statistics are kept
*d. Has risen to a range of 70% to 80% on the smaller, more isolated reservations
e. Is not a problem
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 273
Question Type: MC
24. The rate of intermarriage for American Indians is . . .
a. Quite low but higher than the rate for African Americans
b. Highest on the East Coast and lowest in the mountain states
*c. Quite high compared to other groups, about 50%
d. About the same as the rate for other groups
e. Is unmeasured since no statistics are kept
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Primary Structural Assimilation; p. 275
Question Type: MC
25. Sending American Indian children to boarding schools is one way coercive acculturation was
“achieved.” Within these schools, tribal languages, dress, and religion were forbidden and American
Indian culture was generally discouraged. Which theory or hypothesis would most likely have predicted
this?
*a. Blauner hypothesis
b. Noel hypothesis
c. Culture of poverty theory
d. Marxist theory
e. Acculturation theory
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246
Question Type: MC
26. Which of the following occurred as a result of the government’s policy of termination?
a. In general, American Indians celebrated not being under the rule of the federal government any
longer.
b. American Indian land was given back to American Indian tribes.
c. American Indian land was placed in private hands.
*d. About 100 tribes were terminated.
e. Women were encouraged to work in private industry as nurses and secretaries.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249
Question Type: MC
27. Approximately what percentage of American Indians are now urbanized?
Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
a. 80%
b. 20%
c. 30%
d. 60%
*e. 70%
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Relocation and Urbanization; p. 249
Question Type: MC
28. What percentage of American Indian tribal members who still live on the reservation have finished
high school?
a. 100%
*b. 64%
c. 90%
d. 85%
e. 20%
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation; p. 261
Question Type: MC
29. Which of the following regarding the Red Power movement is false?
a. AIM organized a march on Washington, D.C., called the Trail of Broken Treaties to dramatize the
problems of the tribes.
*b. Since the early 1980s, the level of protest activity by American Indians has increased.
c. The Red Power movement encouraged pan-tribal unity.
d. In 1973, AIM successfully occupied the village of Wounded Knee to protest the violation of treaty
rights.
e. All of the above
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Red Power; pp. 252–254
Question Type: MC
30. Approximately what percentage of the American Indian population was decimated by 1900?
a. 10%
b. 25%
c. 33%
d. 50%
*e. 75%
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?; p. 255
Question Type: MC
31. As opposed to African Americans and many other minority groups, American Indians have been more
interested in ________.
*a. pluralism
b. acculturation
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Joseph F. Healey
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c. integration
d. paternalistic competition
e. segregation
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269
Question Type: MC
32. Which of the following statements about American Indians is true?
a. The level of residential segregation among American Indians increased between 1980 and 2000.
b. California, Minnesota, and North Dakota have the largest concentration of American Indians.
c. The number of American Indians holding elected office reached 17 in 2004.
*d. The rate of out-marriage for American Indians is quite high compared with other groups.
e. The unemployment rate for American Indians is on par with the national average for all groups.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Primary Structural Assimilation; p. 275
Question Type: MC
True/False
33. Over the last century, American Indians have become increasingly rural.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 249
Question Type: TF
34. The revenue American Indians receive from gaming on their reservations is about the same as the
revenues received from gambling in the entire state of Nevada.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264
Question Type: TF
35. By the 1890s, tribes that survived the long struggle between American Indians and European
Americans had become minority groups.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Reservation Life; p. 246
Question Type: TF
36. After the 1890s, American Indians lived on reservations under a paternalistic system of government.
*a. True
b. False
Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Reservation Life; p. 246
Question Type: TF
37. American Indians were highly individualistic, rather than group oriented.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246
Question Type: TF
38. The main goal of American Indians was to integrate into mainstream society as quickly as possible.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; p. 267
Question Type: TF
39. Under the Dawes Act, American Indians lost significant portions of their land, and much of what
remained was of poor quality.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 246
Question Type: TF
40. Boarding schools were successful in fully inculcating Anglo values, ethics, and religion to native
children.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; p. 247
Question Type: TF
41. The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 rescinded the Dawes Allotment Act and reduced the
paternalism formerly imposed upon American Indians.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 247
Question Type: TF
42. The policy of termination resulted in about 100 tribes being terminated and was especially disastrous
to the Menominee of Wisconsin and Klamath on the West Coast.
*a. True
b. False
Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249
Question Type: TF
43. The focus of the Red Power movement was to assimilate American Indians with white Americans.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253
Question Type: TF
44. Many of the treaties established during the 1800s have been broken, although some tribes have had
success with regaining treaty rights through the court system.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Broken Treaties; p. 263
Question Type: TF
45. Gambling has eradicated poverty from most of the American Indian reservations.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 265
Question Type: TF
46. The relative status of American Indians in the United States has improved significantly in the last
decade of the 20th century, and most Americans view them more positively.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Progress and Challenges; p. 278
Question Type: TF
47. Many American Indians are offended by the nicknames of athletic teams, such as the Cleveland
Indians or Atlanta Braves, and the use of tomahawk chops and Indian mascots, while the public
dismisses these things as “trivial.”
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 266
Question Type: TF
48. About 20% of all American Indians in the continental U.S. speak a language other than English at
home.
*a. True
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 268
Question Type: TF
49. Although the number of American Indians enrolled in college has increased, the percentage of
American Indians that actually graduate from high school and college is still well below the national
average.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: School Integration and Educational Attainment; p. 270
Question Type: TF
50. American Indians began to urbanize rapidly in the 1950s but are still less urbanized than the national
population. In fact, they are the least urbanized minority group in the United States.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Relocation and Urbanization; p. 249
Question Type: TF
51. Because the policy of termination was headed and supported by government officials, it was, by all
accounts, fairly successful.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Termination Policy; p. 249
Question Type: TF
52. Programs under the IRA included opportunities for women that helped prepare them for jobs off the
reservation in the fields of nursing and clerical work.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248
Question Type: TF
53. From a Western perspective, the division of labor in American Indian societies was “backward.” Thus,
white military representatives tended to ignore women tribal leaders.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 244
Question Type: TF
Diversity and Society, Fifth Edition
Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
54. The Bureau of Indian Affairs has tried to take into consideration the needs of various tribes by asking
tribal leaders for their input regarding policy.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Paternalism and the Bureau of Indian Affairs; p. 246
Question Type: TF
55. According to the ranking of American Indians on social distance scales, there has been a decline in
prejudice toward them since the 1970s.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Prejudice and Discrimination; p. 266
Question Type: TF
56. The Self-Determination Act of 1975 primarily benefited smaller, less well-organized tribes.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Natural Resources; p. 251
Question Type: TF
57. The 1969, the occupation of Alcatraz Island in San Francisco was organized by the federal
government.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Red Power; p. 253
Question Type: TF
58. According to the text, the Navajo reservation encompasses about 20 million acres.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation, p. 261
Question Type: TF
59. The single most profitable Indian gambling operation is the Foxwoods Casino in Connecticut.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 264
Question Type: TF
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
60. In popular culture, American Indians have not yet enjoyed an upsurge of popularity and sympathetic
portrayals.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Progress and Challenges; p. 277
Question Type: TF
61. All American Indian nations have been able to profit from casino revenues.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Gaming and Other Development Possibilities; p. 265
Question Type: TF
62. American Indians have always shown and continue to demonstrate great diversity.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: American Indian Cultures; p. 242
Question Type: TF
63. Contemporary American Indians continue to be limited by poverty, powerlessness, prejudice, and
discrimination.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Contemporary American Indian–White Relations; p. 265
Question Type: TF
64. Urban American Indians and urban African American populations experience similar levels of
unemployment and other social ills.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Jobs and Income; p. 273
Question Type: TF
65. American Indians have been oriented toward a pluralistic relationship with the larger society.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 277
Question Type: TF
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
66. As of 2004, the Native American Church’s right to use peyote has been supported by the Supreme
Court of the United States.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269
Question Type: TF
67. American Indian languages are in danger of disappearing as generations continue to change.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 270
Question Type: TF
66. American Indians have been more successful than African Americans in preserving their traditional
cultures.
*a. True
b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 269
Question Type: TF
67. The stereotypes attached to American Indians and African Americans during the early years of
European colonization are similar.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Acculturation; p. 276
Question Type: TF
68. Schools for American Indians were primarily focused on education and not on “Westernizing”
children.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: School Integration and Educational Attainment; p. 270
Question Type: TF
69. All American Indian tribes were capable of taking advantage of the opportunities provided by the
Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
a. True
*b. False
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Indian Reorganization Act; p. 248
Question Type: TF
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
Essay
70. “Whereas African Americans had been exploited for their labor, American Indians were exploited for
their land.” Explain this statement. What other differences emerged between African Americans and
American Indians due to their differing contact situations?
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Comparing Minority Groups; p. 269
Question Type: ESS
71. Describe and discuss the status of American Indians in terms of acculturation and integration. How
would you account for these patterns?
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Assimilation and Pluralism; pp. 267–276
Question Type: ESS
72. Describe and discuss the Dawes Act of 1887 and the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934. How did
these acts impact American Indians?
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Coercive Acculturation: The Dawes Act and Boarding Schools; pp. 246–248
Question Type: ESS
73. Describe and discuss the degree of integration of American Indians into various institutions of public
life. Be sure to include residence, education, and political power.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
74. Describe and discuss the modern American Indian protest movement. Be sure to discuss the role that
AIM has played in this movement.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Red Power; pp. 252–254
Question Type: ESS
75. Compare and contrast the Navajo and Choctaw nations in regard to their respective rates of
employment, poverty, income, and the education of its members.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Attracting Industry to the Reservation; pp. 261–263
Question Type: ESS
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Joseph F. Healey
Test Bank
76. Explain in what ways American Indians have continued to be limited by poverty, powerlessness,
prejudice, and discrimination. How does this differ within various American Indian communities?
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
77. Characterize the status of American Indians in terms of acculturation, secondary structural
integration, and primary structural assimilation.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
78. Explain the statement, “The Red Power movement was partly assimilationist even though it pursued
pluralistic goals and greater autonomy for the tribes.”
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
79. Describe the effects of paternalism and coercive acculturation on American Indians. Give one
example of each. Explain how these examples shaped the future of the group.
a. Varies
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
80. Explain the changes that transpired over the course of the 20th century after the enactment of the
federal Indian policy. How did these changes affect the tribes? What role did the American Indian protest
movement play in prompting change?
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Varies
Question Type: ESS
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