Test Bank for Public Health Nursing: Population-Centered Health Care in the Community (9th Edition) | Complete & Verified | All Chapters Included

Prevalence is the measure of existing disease in a population at a particular time. Incidence

quantifies the rate of development of new cases in a population at risk, whereas an incidence proportion indicates the proportion of the population at risk who experience the event over some period of time. Attack rate is defined as the proportion of persons who are exposed to an agent and develop the disease. Morbidity rate is the incidence of disease.

DIF:    Cognitive level: Applying                 REF:   p. 263

TOP:   Nursing process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

 10.   Which statement is true about mortality rates? Mortality rates:

a. are informative only for fatal diseases.

b. provide information about existing disease in the population.

c. are calculated using a population estimate at year-end.

d. reveal the risk of getting a particular disease.

ANS:  A

Mortality rates are informative only for fatal diseases and do not provide direct information about the level of existing disease or the risk of getting a particular disease. Because the population changes during the course of a year, typically an estimate of the population at midyear is taken as the denominator for annual rates, because the midyear population approximates the amount of person-time contributed by the population during a given year.

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

11.   A public health nurse (PHN) reports an attack rate. Which of the following has most likely been reported?

a. Number of cases of cancer recorded at a medical center

b. Number of people who died of Ebola in a given year

 c. Number of beef cattle inoculated against mad-cow disease on a farm

d. Proportion of people becoming ill after eating at a fast-food restaurant

ANS:  D

Attack rates are often specific to exposures, such as food-specific attack rates. The number of cases of cancer, exposure to Ebola, and beef cattle are not significant without knowing the total number of people so that a proportion can be calculated.

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

 12.   The interaction between an agent, a host, and the environment is called:

a. natural history of disease.

b. risk.

c. web of causality.

d. the epidemiologic triangle.

ANS:  D

The epidemiologic triangle consists of the interaction between an agent, a host, and the environment. The natural history of disease is the course of the disease process from onset to resolution. Risk is the probability an event will occur within a specified period of time. The web of causality reflects the more complex interrelationship among the numerous factors interacting, sometimes in subtle ways, to increase (or decrease) risk of disease.

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

 13.   Public health professionals refer to three levels of prevention as tied to specific stages in the:

a. epidemiologic triangle.

b. web of causation.

c.                                                                       natural history of disease. d.                                                                      surveillance process.

ANS:  C

The natural history of disease is the course of the disease process from onset to resolution. The three levels of prevention provide a framework commonly used in public health practice to depict this process. The epidemiologic triangle consists of the interaction between an agent, a host, and the environment. The web of causality reflects the more complex interrelationship among the numerous factors interacting, sometimes in subtle ways, to increase (or decrease) risk of disease. The surveillance process involves the systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data related to the occurrence of disease and the health status of a given population.

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Management of Care

14.   A nurse is studying the characteristics of an agent as part of the epidemiologic triangle. Which of the following is the nurse most likely studying?

a. Human population distribution

b. Salmonella

c. Genetic susceptibility

d. Climate

ANS:  B

An agent includes infectious organisms, such as Salmonella, chemical agents, and physical agents. Genetic susceptibility is considered to be a characteristic of a host. Human population distribution and climate are considered to be characteristics of the environment.

DIF:    Cognitive level: Applying                 REF:   p. 266 (Box 12-1) TOP:   Nursing process: Assessment

MSC:  NCLEX: Safe and Effective Care Environment: Safety and Infection Control

15.   A PHN implements a primary prevention intervention in the community. Which of the following is most likely being implemented?

a.                                                                       Pap smear

b.                                                                      Blood pressure screening c.                                                                       Diet and exercise

d.                                                                      Physical therapy

ANS:  C

Primary prevention refers to those interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Blood pressure screening and pap smears are secondary prevention interventions. Physical therapy is a tertiary prevention intervention.

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

16.   A PHN conducts an immunization clinic for measles. Which of the following is being implemented?

Primary prevention refers to those interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Immunizations are an example of primary prevention. Secondary prevention interventions are designed to increase the probability that a person with a disease will have that condition diagnosed at a stage when treatment is likely to result in cure. Tertiary prevention includes interventions aimed at disability limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Health promotion is a specific primary prevention strategy.

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 17.   As a result of an outbreak of influenza in a community, a nurse encourages members of the community to receive the influenza vaccine. Which of the following levels of prevention is being used?

Nurses are involved in epidemiologic surveillance by monitoring the potential for disease

outbreaks. Primary prevention refers to interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Immunizations are an example of primary prevention. Secondary prevention interventions are designed to increase the probability that a person with a disease will have that condition diagnosed at a stage when treatment is likely to result in cure. Tertiary prevention includes interventions aimed at disability limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Multifactorial prevention is not possible with a disease like influenza, which has one cause.

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

 18.   A nurse offers a screening for hearing defects at a local community center. Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

a. Primary prevention

b. Secondary prevention

Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of disease, injury, or disability. Screenings are part of secondary prevention interventions. Primary prevention refers to interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Tertiary prevention includes interventions aimed at disability limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Health promotion is a specific primary prevention strategy.

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

19.   A nurse refers a client with a neuromuscular disease to a vocational rehabilitation program.

Which of the following best describes the action of the nurse?

a. Primary prevention

b. Secondary prevention

c. Tertiary prevention d. Health promotion

ANS:  C

Tertiary prevention includes those interventions aimed at disability limitation and rehabilitation from disease, injury, or disability. Referral of a client with a disease is an example of tertiary prevention. Primary prevention refers to interventions aimed at preventing the occurrence of disease, injury, or disability. Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of disease, injury, or disability. Health promotion is a specific primary prevention strategy.

MSC:  NCLEX: Health Promotion and Maintenance

20.   A nurse implements a program that focuses on secondary prevention. Which of the following is most likely the topic of this program?

a. Rehabilitation

b. Avoidance of high-risk behaviors

c. Immunization

d.                                                                      Mammogram

ANS:  D

Secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt treatment of disease, injury, or disability. Mammograms are a screening test. Avoidance of high-risk behaviors and immunizations are examples of primary prevention. Rehabilitation is an example of tertiary prevention.