TEST BANK FOR DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY AND PACS 3RD EDITION BY CARTER
Chapter 03: Digital Radiographic Image Processing and Manipulation
Carter: Digital Radiography and PACS, 3rd Edition
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MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Failure of the reader to find the collimation edges of an imaabgirbe.com/test
a. will result in image cutoff.
b. may cause the image to be too bright or too dark.
c. will eliminate all scatter.
d. will have no effect on the resultant image.
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ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
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2. If the entire range of exposure were digitized, pixel values representing digitized.
a. scatter
would be
b. only diagnostic values
c. only the extreme values
d. all values
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ANS: D OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
3. Data collected within the collimator are represented by a
a. histogram.
b. characteristic curve.
c. pixel graph.
d. matrix graph.
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ANS: A OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
4. A histogram displays the useful signal by locating
a. all pixel values.
b. maximum and minimum signal.
c. maximum signal only.
d. minimum signal only.
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ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
5. The higher the kilovoltage peak, the
a. wider the histogram.
b. narrower the histogram.
c. higher the frequency.
d. lower the frequency.
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ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
6. The Nyquist theorem states that the
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a. sampling frequency must be equal to the input signal bandwidth.
b. input signal bandwidth must be twice the sampling frequency.
c. sampling frequency must be twice the input signal banadbwirbi.dcotmh/.test
d. input signal bandwidth must be sampled twice.
ANS: C OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
7. If too few pixels are sampled, the result will be
a. high resolution. b. low resolution. c. high contrast.
d. low contrast.
ANS: B OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
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8. Raw data used to form the image histogram are compared with
a. a normal histogram referenced by the computer.
b. all histograms stored for that anatomic part.
c. the last histogram of that anatomic part.
d. None of these
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ANS: A OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
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9. Loss of detail in a digitally processed image
a. occurs because of the number of conversions.
b. is extremely minimal compared with film/screen.
c. is equal to film/screen.
d. has almost no impact on the image.
ANS: A OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
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10. The longer an image is stored in the computed radiography (CR) cassette, the
a. more detailed the processed image.
b. more energy is lost by the electrons.
c. easier the image is to process.
d. slower the processing time.
ANS: B OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
11. A wraparound image or image aliasing occurs when
a. sampling occurs twice per cycle.
b. spatial frequency is less than the Nyquist frequency.
c. sampling occurs less than twice per cycle.
d. spatial frequency is equal to the Nyquist frequency.
ANS: C OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
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12. In an effort to display the pixels for the area of interest when exposure is greater or less than
what is needed to produce an image, occurs.
a. overexposure
b. underexposure
c. automatic collimation
d. automatic rescaling
ANS: D OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.
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13. Automatic rescaling means that images are produced, regardless of the amount of exposure, with
a. uniform size and shape.
b. uniform contrast and density.
c. variable size and shape.
d. variable contrast and density.
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.
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14. A look-up table is not used as a reference to
a. set appropriate kilovoltage peak and milliampere-seconabdirsb.vcoamlu/tesst.
b. evaluate raw luminance values.
c. correct luminance values.
d. provide appropriate brightness and contrast.
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ANS: A OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
15. Changing the slope of the look-up table graph will increasaeboirbr.cdoemc/treesat se
a. density.
b. the number of pixels.
c. the matrix size.
d. contrast.
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ANS: D OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
16. If all of the shades were left in an image after processing, athbierbc.comt/treasst t would be
a. too low.
b. too high.
c. sufficient.
d. unaffected.
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ANS: A OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
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17. Changing the steepness of the exposure gradient
a. varies density.
b. determines spatial frequency.
c. controls image contrast.
d. has no effect on the image.
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ANS: C OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
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18. Focal spot and OID affect image sharpness imaging.
a. only in film/screen
b. only in digital
c. in both film/screen and digital
d. in neither film/screen nor digital
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ANS: C OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhaanbcirebm.coemn/ttepsat rameters.
19. The improper algorithm application may result in
a. enhanced contrast.
b. improved resolution.
c. repeat examinations.
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d. degradation of the image.
ANS: D OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
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20. The more manipulation of the image, the greater the
a. amount of resolution.
b. loss of information.
c. quality of the image.
d. radiologist manipulation.
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ANS: B OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhaanbcirebm.coemn/ttepsat rameters.
21. Amplification of the frequencies of the areas of interest is known as
a. algorithm application.
b. center enhancement.
c. edge enhancement.
d. masking.
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ANS: C OBJ: Describe the effects of improper aalbgiorbr.ictohmm/teaspt plication.
22. Suppressing frequencies in the areas of interest is known as
a. algorithm application.
b. center enhancement.
c. edge enhancement.
d. masking.
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ANS: D OBJ: Describe the effects of improper algorithm application.
23. Low-pass filtering is also known as
a. evening.
b. smoothing.
c. masking.
d. marking.
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ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
24. High-pass filtering is useful for enhancing
a. small structures.
b. fine bone tissues.
c. large bony structures.
d. organs and soft tissue.
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ANS: D OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
25. Averaging the frequency of each pixel with surrounding paixbierbl.cvoaml/uteesst to remove high-frequency noise is called
a. high-pass filtering.
b. low-pass filtering. c. edge enhancement. d. noise enhancement.
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ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation factors.
26. Image level parameters control image
a. brightness.
b. darkness. c. contrast. d. density.
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ANS: A OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation factors.
27. Window width controls the ratio of black and white, also known as
a. window.
b. level.
c. contrast.
d. matrix.
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ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
28. Excessive light entering the eye when viewing an image is known as _ glare.
a. veil
b. window
c. level
d. None of these
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ANS: A OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
29. An image manipulation process that fills in the background so that it is darkened is known as
a. window.
b. level.
c. shuttering.
d. collimation.
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ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
30. The image reader scans and reads the image from the
a. back edge of the imaging plate to the opposite end.
b. leading edge of the imaging plate to the opposite end.
c. right to left side.
d. left to right side.
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ANS: B OBJ: Describe the formation of the CR image reader.
31. The process of joining two or more images into one continaubiorbu.csomim/teasgt e is known as image
a. connection.
b. annotation.
c. stitching.
d. lacing.
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ANS: C OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
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32. The workstation function that allows selection of preset terms or manual text input is termed
image
a. connection.
b. annotation.
c. stitching.
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d. lacing.
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
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33. Input of annotation for identification of the patient’s left or right side
a. should take the place of the technologist’s anatomy markers.
b. should be used in conjunction with the technologist’s mabairrbk.ceorms/.test
c. eliminates the need for any other type of anatomy markers.
d. None of the above
ANS: B OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation factors.
34. Magnification of the entire image at the workstation is termed
a. image intensification.
b. macroradiography.
c. enlargement.
d. zoom.
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ANS: D OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function aobfiribm.caomge/temstanipulation factors.
35. Proper patient demographic input ensures
a. multiple records on each patient.
b. linking of all the patient’s files.
c. multiple versions of the patient’s name.
d. an increase in the amount of data tracking.
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ANS: B OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
36. The ability to send images to local network stations can be accomplished using the
a. archive query.
b. patient demographic input.
c. QC query.
d. manual send function.
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ANS: D OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
37. Proper patient demographic input is the responsibility of thabeirb.com/test
a. technologist.
b. QC manager.
c. radiologist.
d. transporter.
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ANS: A OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
38. An archive query retrieves images from the PACS based oanbirabn.cyomo/tfestthe following except
a. patient name.
b. examination date.
c. anatomical area.
d. technologist anatomical number.
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ANS: D OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
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TRUE/FALSE
1. The shape of the histogram is anatomy specific.
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ANS: T OBJ: Describe the formation of an image histogram.
2. Image aliasing is similar to the moiré effect caused by grid error.
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ANS: F OBJ: State the Nyquist theorem.
3. Automatic rescaling can be substituted for appropriate technical factors.
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ANS: F OBJ: Discuss automatic rescaling.
4. Basic workstation functions include contrast manipulationa,beirdb.gcoeme/tneshtancement, and smoothing.
ANS: T OBJ: List the functions of contrast enhancement parameters.
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5. Shuttering removes the dark exposed border, reducing the amount of information to be stored.
ANS: F OBJ: Discuss the purpose and function of image manipulation factors.
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6. Historical study of patient examinations can be accomplished through the manual send function.
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ANS: F OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
7. No matter where the orientation stickers or labels exist on a digital cassette, the image will
display correctly.
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ANS: F OBJ: Describe the major factors in image management.
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