Test Bank For Community Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition by Nies

Test Bank For Community Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition by Nies/ Chapter 01: Health: A Community View

Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

 1. Which best describes the primary reason that Americans are concerned about health care? 

a.

Politicians are discussing how to improve health care.

b.

The media has provided mixed messages about the health care system.

c.

Our national health care costs keep increasing.

d.

The new health care system offers free services to Americans. 

 

ANS: C 

The primary reason for the focus on health care is the constantly increasing costs, which

cannot be sustained. The costs of caring for the sick accounted for the majority of escalating

health care dollars, which increased from 5.7% of the gross domestic product in 1965 to

17.8% in 2015. Politicians and the media both influence Americans’ perceptions about health

care; however, they are not the primary reason why Americans are concerned. The new health 

care system will change the health care access and availability, but will not necessarily be

offering any free services to Americans.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 2. A nurse has begun to lobby with politicians for changes to the health care system. Why is this

involvement important? 

a.

Nurses, as central characters in several popular TV series, are currently very

visible in American media. 

b.

Nurses are primarily responsible for managing the various units in our health care

system. 

c.

Nurses are the largest segment of health care providers.

d.

Nurses are the only group that is employed both inside and outside of hospitals. 

 

ANS: C 

As the largest segment of health care providers, nurses are informed about the current health

care system and all the problems that result from people not seeking care until they are

desperately ill. Nurses, as the American Nurses Association (ANA) emphasize, usually

believe that health care is a right, not a privilege. Therefore, nurses, whose work is central to

our current health care delivery system, can also be instrumental in working politically to

create a health care delivery system that will meet health needs. While nurses are in several

current TV series and are employed both inside and outside of hospitals, physicians and other

health care providers are as well. Nurses are often managers, but managers often have other

backgrounds, such as business administration.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 3. What conclusion can be drawn from examining where nurses are employed? 

a.

There is a trend toward consolidation of health care into large central medical 

centers.

b.

There is an increased emphasis on community-based health care.

c.

There is an obvious need to decrease health care costs by cutting positions.

d.

Managed care organizations (MCOs) are employing nurses to improve customer 

 

relations. 

ANS: B 

MCOs are employing nurses in many capacities. Although hospitals are closing and acute care

is increasingly found in central medical centers, the same trend may be seen in an increase in

neighborhood-based practice centers. While positions are cut in most industries, health care is

recognized as an area where growth in employment is expected. However, nurses are

increasingly employed in community settings as opposed to hospitals. This change reflects the

move toward community-based care rather than hospital-based tertiary care. To help decrease

the continued rise in health care costs, the increased emphasis is on disease prevention rather

than high-cost treatment.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 4. Which ethical belief would be most helpful in the current health care crisis? 

a.

Emphasis should be on individual and corporation freedom in the marketplace.

b.

Emphasis should be on individual autonomy and freedom of choice.

c.

Emphasis should be on social justice and collective responsibility. 

d.

Emphasis should be on the effectiveness of technology in resolving problems. 

 

ANS: C 

Public health recognizes the necessity of collective action in keeping the environment safe and

in egalitarian tradition and vision. An overinvestment in technology and seeking of cures

within the market justice system has stifled the evolution of a health system to protect and

preserve the health of the population. Although individual autonomy and freedom of choice

are important, so is the recognition of collective responsibility in ensuring social justice,

which entitles all people to basic necessities.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 5. What is the primary problem seen in Healthy People 2020’s emphasis on choosing healthy

lifestyle behaviors, such as daily exercise or healthy food choices? 

a.

Emphasis on other lifestyle choices, such as not smoking and minimal use of

alcohol or drugs, is also needed. 

b.

All of us must work together to make unhealthy behaviors socially unacceptable.

c.

It costs more to make healthy choices, such as buying and eating fresh fruits and 

vegetables as opposed to quick and cheap fast-food choices. 

d.

Public policy emphasizes personal responsibility but ignores social and 

 

environmental changes needed for well-being. 

ANS: D 

Although all responses are accurate, the primary problem is the emphasis on personal choices

in the Healthy People 2020 objectives. Emphasis on personal choices ignores the need for

community responsibility and action that addresses environmental or cultural restraints to

health.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application) 

 

 6. What responsibility does the American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics require of 

the nurse beyond giving excellent care to patients? 

a.

Accept longer work schedules to ensure that professional care is always available 

to clients.

b.

Recognize the need for experienced nurses to mentor new graduates to help 

increase and expand the number of professionals available.

c.

Support health legislation to improve accessibility and cost of health care.

d.

Volunteer to work overtime as needed to ensure maximum quality of care. 

 

ANS: C 

The ANA Code of Ethics promotes social reform by focusing on health policy and legislation

to positively affect accessibility, quality, and cost of health care. The code does not directly

address workplace issues, such as work schedules or need for overtime.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) 

 

 7. What is the community health nursing definition of health? 

a.

Health is a person’s goal-directed purposeful process toward well-being or

wholeness. 

b.

Health is an individual’s physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the

absence of disease or infirmity. 

c.

Health is the mutual adaptation between a person and his or her environment in

meeting daily existence. 

d.

Health is families and aggregates choosing actions to ensure safety and well-being. 

 

ANS: D 

The text stresses that health is not just the result of an individual’s choices, but choices and

actions of individuals, families, groups, and communities that lead to better health.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 8. How does community health nursing define community? 

a.

A group of persons living within specific geographic boundaries

b.

A group of persons who share a common identity and environment

c.

A group of persons who work together to meet common goals

d.

A group of persons who resolve a community concern 

 

ANS: B 

Community health nurses work with both geopolitical groups (within specific geographic

boundaries) and phenomenological groups (who have a common identity based on culture,

history, or goals). A particular phenomenological group may or may not have been a planned

group—that is, a group that came together to resolve a recognized common problem or to

meet a common goal. However, of all the choices, a group of persons who share a common

identity (phenomenological group) and environment (which implies a specific geographic

setting) is the broadest and most complete definition.

 

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 9. Which variable has a major influence on a community’s health? 

a.

Behavior choices made by persons in the community

b.

Number of health care providers and hospitals in the community

c.

Quality of the public safety officers (police officers, firefighters, etc.)

d.

The number and credentials of public health officials in the community 

 

ANS: A 

Individual behavior choices are responsible for about 50% of health outcomes. Individual

choices are affected through interaction with other individuals, and their mutual social and

physical environments. The number of health care providers has not played a major role in the

health outcomes in the community in comparison to individual health behaviors. The quality

of public safety officers and number of public health officials have not been identified as

major contributors to the determinants of health.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 10. What change could most effectively lead to a longer life span in Americans? 

a.

Parenting and sexual behavior classes in all public school systems

b.

Legislation restricting alcohol and drug use

c.

Notably reducing speed limits on all state and federal highways, and changing the 

age limit for driving to 21 years of age

d.

The belief that smoking is shameful and disgusting, as well as expensive, 

 

becoming the social norm 

ANS: D 

Smoking is responsible for almost 20% of all deaths in the United States. Although smoking

is an individual’s choice, all people are affected by social norms. Parenting and sexual

behavior classes and legislative changes may influence health, but may not necessarily lead to

a longer lifespan. Community health nurses should recognize that health is influenced by a

web of factors, some that can be changed and some that cannot. Influencing social norms may

better promote change among Americans.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 11. What is the health issue causing the most concern in the United States today? 

a.

Diabetes epidemic

b.

Increase in cardiac disease

c.

Increase in obesity

d.

Rise in cancer rates 

 

ANS: C 

The widespread increase in incidence of overweight and obesity has led to calls for

population-based measures to address this issue. The overarching problem of obesity has led

to an increase in diabetes as well as cardiac disease. If this health issue was controlled, there

should be in a decrease in the other health issues.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 12. What factors are most responsible for the increasing length of life of Americans over the past

100 years? 

a.

Better nutrition and family planning options

b.

Education concerning the need to reduce salt and fat in the diet

c.

Improved medical care, including exciting new technologies

d.

More efficient cancer screenings and early intervention 

 

ANS: A 

Average increased life span over the past 100 years can be largely attributed to higher

standards of living, better nutrition, a healthier environment, and having fewer children.

Public health efforts such as immunization and medical care have also contributed.

 

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 13. Why would a public health nurse want to know about morbidity and mortality statistics on the

local, state, and national level? 

a.

To be able to share current trends in health problems with the community

b.

To be able to observe the community’s statistics over time and compare the 

community with other communities

c.

To justify local budgets and the need for increased income from citizens

d.

To publicize current health issues and suggest appropriate actions to citizens 

 

ANS: B 

Although being informed and being able to educate the public is always preferred and nurses

often do have to justify budgets, data are needed to compare the local community with itself

over time and with other communities so that problems may be recognized and action taken to 

confront health issues. The first step is always to recognize problems as they develop.

 

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 14. How do public health efforts differ from medical efforts in improving the health of our

citizens? 

a.

Medical care providers autonomously choose appropriate interventions, whereas

public health care providers must engage in whatever actions legislation requires. 

b.

Medical care providers are self-employed or agency employed, whereas public

health care providers are employed by and paid through the government. 

c.

Medical care providers focus only on individuals, whereas public health care

providers focus only on aggregates. 

d.

Medical care providers focus on disease diagnosis and management, whereas

public health care providers focus on health promotion and disease prevention. 

 

ANS: D 

Medical care providers are restricted by insurance and government regulations. Providers may

also be employed in government facilities, such as Veterans Administration facilities.

However, medical care providers primarily focus on diagnosis and treatment of disease,

whereas public health care providers try to promote health and prevent disease. Although

medical care providers primarily focus on individuals and public health care providers

primarily focus on aggregates, their practice is not limited to only individuals or only

aggregates.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 15. Which primary prevention would the school nurse choose to address the school’s number of

unwed pregnancies? 

a.

Create a class on parenting for both the moms-to-be and the dads-to-be. 

b.

Convince the school board to allow sex education classes to include birth control

measures. 

c.

Employ the moms-to-be as 1-hour-a-day employees in the school daycare center

for children born to school students. 

d.

Establish a class where all the unwed moms-to-be can learn infant care. 

 

ANS: B 

Primary prevention relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by

altering susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Primary prevention

consists of two elements: general health promotion and specific protection. Health promotion

efforts enhance resiliency and protective factors and target essentially well populations.

Specific protection efforts reduce or eliminate risk factors. Although all choices would be

appropriate actions in a school, only education regarding sexuality and birth control would

help prevent future pregnancies.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 16. What would be the proper term for the action of the school health nurse arranging for all the

students in the elementary school to receive H1N1 immunizations? 

a.

Health education

b.

Secondary prevention

c.

Specific protection 

d.

Tertiary prevention 

 

ANS: C 

Immunizations are a specific protection effort as part of primary prevention. Primary

prevention relates to activities directed at preventing a problem before it occurs by altering

susceptibility or reducing exposure for susceptible individuals. Primary prevention consists of

two elements: general health promotion and specific protection. Health promotion efforts

enhance resiliency and protective factors and target essentially well populations. Specific

protection efforts reduce or eliminate risk factors. Secondary prevention refers to early

detection and prompt intervention during the period of early disease pathogenesis. Tertiary

prevention targets populations that have experienced disease or injury and focuses on

limitation of disability and rehabilitation. Health education would relate to educating the

students about the immunization not making the arrangements for the immunization to be

given.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 17. Which action would probably result in the largest change in health care outcomes for

Americans? 

a.

Establish large numbers of scholarships for education of nurses, physicians, and 

other health care providers.

b.

Fund a one-time extremely large stimulus to allow all health care providers and 

agencies to create and integrate computer network systems for client health care

records. 

c.

Increase funding for hospitals and medical centers to expand their neighborhood

clinics. 

d.

Redirect a large portion of federal funding from acute care to health promotion

activities. 

 

ANS: D 

Of the choices given, health promotion activities would make the largest difference. Increased

expenditures on acute care will not notably change the health of the population, whereas

funding that addresses health promotion such as education and safe environments would

improve the health of the aggregate.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 18. Which task will be most helpful in meeting the public health agency’s goals? 

a.

Complete staff evaluations in preparation for individual meetings to plan their

agency and individual goals for the next year. 

b.

Actively participate in community agencies’ collaborative action plan to meet the

community’s health goals for the year. 

c.

Meet with the college of nursing faculty to finalize student objectives and

schedules for the next semester. 

d.

Teach a free course in healthful living for community residents. 

 

ANS: B 

Although all tasks may be necessary and important, intra-agency cooperation to meet the 

health goals of the community as a whole is more central to the agency’s mission than other

choices that meet the needs of individuals or groups rather than the community as a whole.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) 

 

 19. A community health nurse is overwhelmed with all that needs to be done in one day. Which

task could most easily be postponed? 

a.

Reviewing the most recent hospital patient data collected by the local college of

nursing 

b.

Deciding which of several possible new clinic options would be most effective in

better meeting the needs of the local community 

c.

Evaluating the results of the most recent community-wide screening program

before planning for the next community health program 

d.

Giving testimony to the state legislature on a new health and safety bill 

 

ANS: A 

All of the tasks are related to assessing needs, implementing new care options, or evaluating

health outcomes measures in the community except reviewing hospital patient data. Hospital

patient data may be helpful but not directly related to the agency’s ability to promote primary

health and prevent disease.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) 

 

 20. A nurse who works on the surgical unit at the local hospital was asked by the home health unit

to make a home visit to a patient who had been discharged the previous day and to give

follow-up care (for overload pay). What kind of nursing would this nurse be doing? 

a.

Acute care hospital nursing

b.

Community-based nursing

c.

Community health nursing 

d.

Public health nursing 

 

ANS: B 

The nurse is caring for a patient in the home. Community-based nursing is nursing somewhere

in the community. Community-based nursing practice refers to “application of the nursing

process in caring for individuals, families and groups where they live, work or go to school or

as they move through the health care system” (McEwen and Pullis, 2009, p. 6).

Community-based nursing is setting specific, and the emphasis is on acute and chronic care

and includes such practice areas as home health nursing and nursing in outpatient or

ambulatory settings. As the nurse is not focusing on the health of the community but on an

individual, it is not community or public health nursing. It is not acute care hospital nursing

because the nurse is seeing the patient in his or her home.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 21. Which task is most crucial for the community health nurse to do well? 

a.

Review the most recent morbidity and mortality data.

b.

Create a new clinic to better meet local health needs.

c.

Evaluate the results of the recent screening program.

d.

Give testimony regarding proposed state health legislation. 

 

ANS: D 

Public health’s core functions are assurance, assessment, and policy development. Giving

testimony regarding legislation directly reflects policy development, which would have a

wider impact than the other options, which are more local and narrow in focus.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Analyze (Analysis) 

 

 22. A new public health nurse carefully assessed all the local mortality and morbidity data in

preparation for making appropriate planning suggestions at a meeting next week. What other

action is crucial before the nurse can feel prepared? 

a.

Ask other nursing staff their perceptions of the community’s needs.

b.

Assess the nurse’s own assets, strengths, and ability to contribute.

c.

Meet members of the community to determine their culture and values.

d.

Review discussions and decisions from previous meetings. 

 

ANS: C 

Community health nurses must work with the community. It is essential to assess an

aggregate’s needs and resources and identify its values. The best way to do this is by meeting

with the members of the community to determine their culture and values. Assessing one’s

own assets, asking other nursing staff, and reviewing previous discussions will not allow the

nurse to assess the needs of the community.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 23. Why are high-risk and vulnerable subpopulations identified by public health nurses before

deciding on appropriate interventions? 

a.

It is easiest to make improvements among these groups.

b.

Populations are not homogeneous, and resources are limited.

c.

Such groups are most vocal about their needs and wants. 

d.

These groups are often recipients of special funding. 

 

ANS: B 

Populations are not all the same. The needs of subpopulations must be assessed. The high-risk

and vulnerable subpopulations must be identified early. Those individuals who do not receive

service early become very expensive high-cost users later.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 24. A nurse works hard to develop alliances among various community organizations toward

improving health in the community. What are actions such as this called? 

a.

Building coalitions

b.

Collaboration

c.

Communication

d.

Community cooperation 

 

ANS: A 

By definition, the nurse’s actions are coalition building. Although collaboration has a very

similar meaning, Table 1.4 stresses that collaboration is focused more on enhancing the

capacity of an individual or a group. The nurse is establishing cooperative alliances, but not

yet working with them toward a goal.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 25. After completing a master’s degree, a nurse took a course in marketing. Should the agency

reimburse the nurse’s tuition costs? 

a.

No, courses taken for personal enjoyment are not eligible.

b.

No, courses taken outside the professional’s responsibilities are not eligible.

c.

Yes, the nurse is demonstrating professional commitment by continuing education.

d.

Yes, the nurse could use such information in social marketing for the agency. 

 

ANS: D 

Social marketing tools using marketing principles and technologies are designed to influence

the knowledge, attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors of populations. Such information

would be extremely helpful for agency personnel in improving community health and lifestyle

choices.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 26. Which factor is most responsible for differences in an individual’s health? 

a.

Culture of the majority of the community’s citizens

b.

Individual’s education and income

c.

Number of physicians and other health care providers in the community

d.

Quality of the community health agency and hospital in the community 

 

ANS: B 

Factors that contribute to wide variations in health disparities are education, income, and

occupation. This is best addressed by looking at an individual’s education and income. The

culture, number of physicians, and quality of agencies in the community do not play as

important of a role in individual health.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

MULTIPLE RESPONSE

 

 1. What are the leading health indicators found in Healthy People 2020? (Select all that apply.) 

a.

Financial issues

b.

Health system issues

c.

Individual behaviors

d.

Issues related to legal and illegal immigration

e.

Legislative issues

f.

Physical and social environmental factors 

 

ANS: B, C, F 

Ten leading health indicators are identified in Healthy People 2020, including individual

behaviors, physical and social environmental factors, and health systems issues. Financial

issues, issues related to legal and illegal immigration, and legislative issues are not found in

Healthy People 2020.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 2. What historically have been public health nurses’ two most important priorities? (Select all 

that apply.) 

a.

Establishing school nursing to improve care of children

b.

Engaging in political activity to improve living conditions

c.

Giving superb clinical bedside care in the home

d.

Increasing funding to public health efforts

e.

Teaching family members how to care for their family

f.

Working with the community to confront health issues and poverty 

 

ANS: B, F 

Neither administering bedside clinical nursing nor teaching family members to deliver care in

the home has adequately addressed the true determinants of health and disease. The early

public health nurses resolved that collective political activity should focus on improving

social and environmental conditions such as poverty.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 3. Based on Healthy People 2010, what are the two primary goals of Healthy People 2020?

(Select all that apply.) 

a.

Eliminate health disparities.

b.

Expand health promotion activities in every community.

c.

Improve funding, including diverting funds from other priorities to health care.

d.

Improve health outcomes measures to be more consistent with other developed 

nations’ outcomes.

e.

Increase quality and years of healthy life.

f.

Reduce mortality and morbidity figures nationwide. 

 

ANS: A, E 

As published, the two goals are to increase quality and years of healthy life and eliminate

health disparities. Expanding health promotion activities in every community, improving 

funding and improving health outcomes, and reducing mortality and morbidity are not the

primary goals of Healthy People 2020.

 

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension) 

Chapter 03: Thinking Upstream: Nursing Theories and Population-Focused Nursing

Practice

Nies: Community/Public Health Nursing, 8th Edition

 

MULTIPLE CHOICE

 

 1. Which statement best summarizes Lillian Wald’s achievements? 

a.

She suggested new nursing specialties.

b.

She demonstrated how to improve health in communities.

c.

She gave expert clinical nursing care to her clients.

d.

She was appointed a national nursing leader. 

 

ANS: B 

Lillian Wald improved health in a community by using diplomacy and neighborhood power.

She was elected president of a national nursing organization and created new nursing

specialties such as school nursing. However, she is primarily known for her creation of Henry

Street House (see Chapter 2 of text), which led to the Visiting Nurses Association and notably 

improved health in many communities.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 2. Which statement best describes “thinking upstream”? 

a.

Modifying economic, political, and environmental factors

b.

Preparing for nursing career long-term goals by planning now

c.

Seeking causes of water and air pollution “upstream” from cities

d.

Trying to understand how or why someone got ill 

 

ANS: A 

Upstream thinking actions focus on modifying economic, political, and environmental factors

that are the precursors of poor health throughout the world.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 3. Which statement best describes a weakness of early nursing theories? 

a.

Many nurses did not know or understand the theoretical basis of nursing practice.

b.

Most nursing theories focused on microscopic individual concerns. 

c.

The theories did not reflect the actual world of nursing practice.

d.

The theories had global applicability to nursing practice. 

 

ANS: B 

Most nursing theories have an extremely narrow focus on individual nurse–patient care

situations. This microscopic focus ignores the broader global social macroscopic perspective.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 4. Which best describes the primary purpose of nursing theory? 

a.

To improve nursing practice 

b.

To demonstrate that nursing is a profession

c.

To organize nursing knowledge

d.

To serve as a basis for ongoing nursing research 

 

ANS: A 

Although nursing theory does serve as a basis for ongoing research, does help demonstrate

that nursing is a profession, and may help nurses organize their knowledge; its primary

purpose is to improve nursing practice.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 5. A client did not attend the clinic for required follow-up care after his extensive surgery. Using

the Health Belief Model, which would be the most appropriate conclusion for the nurse to

make? 

a.

The client is noncompliant.

b.

The client is suffering from self-neglect.

c.

The health care system is not meeting the client’s perceived needs.

d.

The health care system is not accessible for the client.

e.

The nurse has not motivated the client appropriately. 

 

ANS: C 

Although it is easy to blame the patient for being noncompliant or neglecting himself or 

herself, or to blame the nurse for not “educating” the patient appropriately, it is equally

plausible that the health care system is not meeting the client’s perceived needs. Clients can

have many reasons for not keeping an appointment, such as family emergencies, lack of

funds, or lack of transportation. Sociocultural and ethnic barriers can also be factors. This is

part of the Health Belief Model where the premise is that the world of the perceiver

determines the action.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 6. Which assumption makes Orem’s theory difficult to use? 

a.

That nurses will always be caring for families and groups

b.

That clients are able to control their environment

c.

That clients recognize the need for nursing intervention

d.

That teaching clients self-care is the primary goal of nursing practice 

 

ANS: B 

Orem’s theory emphasizes self-care not the need for nursing intervention. It assumes that the

client can control his or her environment, whereas most persons cannot control work, school,

or neighborhood environments. Orem’s theory is focused on individual self-care. The primary

focus of nursing practice is on self-care needs and activities.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 7. Which statement best describes the major assumption of the Health Belief Model (HBM)? 

a.

People will act if action is both easy and convenient.

b.

People will act if exposed to fear messages stressing their vulnerability.

c.

The major determinant of preventive health behavior is avoiding disease.

d.

The major determinant of preventive behavior is providing proper health 

 

education. 

ANS: C 

The HBM is based on the assumption that the primary reason people act is disease avoidance.

Such avoidance means they perceive themselves as susceptible to a serious disease, there is

some cue to action, and there are more benefits than barriers to acting.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 8. Which assumption of the Health Belief Model (HBM) is problematic? 

a.

People have both free will and access to health resources.

b.

People listen to the advice given by health care professionals.

c.

People are influenced by health messages given over media channels.

d.

People make what they perceive as rational decisions in a given situation. 

 

ANS: A 

The HBM assumes that people have access to health resources, but such resources are not

always available to certain groups. Economic, political, and environmental constraints

interfere with free choice. The HBM may effectively promote behavior change by altering the

patient’s perspectives, but it does not acknowledge the health professional’s responsibility to

reduce health care barriers. The HBM places the burden of action exclusively on the client.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Understand (Comprehension)

 

 9. A nurse is using Milio’s framework for prevention to improve the health of clients. Which

would the nurse most likely implement? 

a.

Create appropriate national health policies.

b.

Develop health programs that make healthy choices the easiest choices.

c.

Promote nationwide educational programs with information on making healthy 

choices.

d.

Stress that clients are responsible for their own health. 

 

ANS: A 

The range of available choices is critical in shaping a society’s overall health status. Policy

decisions in governmental and private organizations shape these choices. Hence,

national-level policy making is the best way to impact the health of most Americans rather

than continue to concentrate on imparting information in an effort to change individual

behaviors. Milo challenged the notion that the main determinant for unhealthful behavior

choice is lack of knowledge.

 

DIF: Cognitive Level: Apply (Application)

 

 10. A nurse is using Milio’s approach when caring for a client. Which advantage will the nurse

experience? 

a.

It will allow for care interventions outside the hospital system.

b.

It will demonstrate the effectiveness of using a variety of community resources.

c.

It will encourage the assessment of the personal and societal resources of the 

client.

d.

It facilitates open communication between the client and the nurse. 

 

ANS: C