PRN1520 Real Exam 2025/2026 Pathophysiology: Cardiovascular System, Neurologic Disorders, GI & Respiration Conditions

PRN1520 Real Exam 2025/2026 Pathophysiology: Cardiovascular System, Neurologic Disorders, GI & Respiration Conditions 1. When stroke volume decreases, which of the following could maintain cardiac output? a. Decreased peripheral resistance b. Increased heart rate c. Decreased venous return d. General vasodilation ANS: B 2. When comparing angina with myocardial infarction (MI), which statement is true? a. Both angina and MI cause tissue necrosis. b. Angina often occurs at rest; MI occurs during a stressful time. c. Pain is more severe and lasts longer with angina than with MI. d. Angina pain is relieved by rest and intake of nitroglycerin; the pain of MI is not. ANS: D 3. Which of the below factors puts your patient at risk for developing atherosclerosis? Select all that apply: A. LDL-C 120 mg/dL B. BMI 34.8 C.Engages in exercise 4-5 times per week D.Hispanic E.Eats salmon twice per week A, B, and D Rationale: Risk factors for development of atherosclerosis are low HDL-C (should be higher than 60 mg/dL), high LDL-C (should be lower than 100 mg/dL), increased triglycerides, genetic predisposition, DM, Obesity (BMI > 30), sedentary lifestyle, smoking, stress, African American, Hispanic, and older adults. 4. The ataxic form of cerebral palsy results from damage to the: a. cerebellum. b. motor cortex. c. basal nuclei. d. pyramidal tracts. ANS: A 5. The initial effect on the heart in cases of rheumatic fever is: a. infection in the heart by hemolytic streptococci. b. highly virulent microbes causing vegetations on the heart valves. c. septic emboli obstructing coronary arteries. d. acute inflammation in all layers of the heart due to abnormal immune response. ANS: D 6. Which of the following is a common source of a pulmonary embolus? a. Mural thrombus from the left ventricle b. Thrombus attached to atheromas in the aorta or iliac arteries c. Thrombus forming in the femoral veins d. A blood clot in the pulmonary vein ANS: C 7. Which of the following is used to confirm the diagnosis of, and classify, seizures? a. Characteristics of the aura b. Presence of precipitating factors c. Electroencephalogram d. Changes in the characteristics of cerebrospinal fluid ANS: C 8. Which of the following drugs is usually prescribed for prophylaxis in persons in close contact with a patient with active tuberculosis? a. Streptomycin b. Isoniazid c. Rifampin d. Streptomycin ANS: B 9. Which of the following statements is FALSE? a. TB bacilli are spread by oral droplet. b. TB bacilli are slow-growing bacteria. c. Active TB must be treated in hospital for many months. d. Active TB can be prevented by good host resistance. ANS: C 10. Choose the correct reason for severe hypoxia occurring with pulmonary edema: a. Diffusion of oxygen into the alveoli is impaired. b. Fluid in the pleural cavity prevents normal lung expansion. c. Increased concentration of CO2 impairs diffusion of oxygen. d. Increased blood flow through the lungs prevents diffusion of gases. Pain or pressure in the chest area often radiating to the left arm and caused most often by a lack of oxygenated blood to heart muscles as a result of atherosclerosis of the coronary artery Answer: Angina Pectoris Plaques of cholesterol, lipids, and cellular debris in the inner layers of the walls of large and medium sized arteries Answer: Atherosclerosis The presence of bacteria in the blood stream Answer: Bacteremia Having to do with the brain Answer: Cerebral