Behavioral Neuroscience 10th Edition Test Bank by Marc Breedlove and Neil V. Watson

TEST BANK FOR BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 10TH EDITIONS. MARC BREEDLOVE AND NEIL V. WATSON

Chapter 6: Evolution of the Brain and Behavior

TEST QUESTIONS

Essay/Discussion

Prepare a comprehensive discussion for each of the following topics:

1. Discuss the chronology and main events in hominin evolution, as revealed by

endocasts and fossils.

2. Summarize the major historical steps in the discovery of mechanisms of inheritance.

3. The theory of evolution by natural selection can be distilled down to three observations

and an inference. What are they?

4. Discuss three major criteria that determine the particular species to be used in

experimentation.

5. Discuss two methods by which species may be compared with regard to “braininess.”

6. What is sexual selection? What impact does it have on evolution? Describe one

example.

7. Describe two behavioral adaptations of vertebrates that have been linked to the relative

sizes of brain structures.

8. Discuss two major similarities and two major differences between the vertebrate and

invertebrate nervous systems.

9. Review the relationship between food storing and relative size of the hippocampus

among various bird species. How may these findings be interpreted in the context of

phylogeny and natural selection?

10. Identify and describe three of the costs associated with the evolution of a large brain.

11. Discuss how the underlying concepts of evolution as described by Darwin apply to

behavioral changes over time. Illustrate your discussion with two examples.

12. Describe the genetic differences between humans and chimps.

Multiple Choice

1. The existence of similar bones in the forelimbs of seals, bats, and humans is an

example of

a. taxonomy.

b. homology.

c. analogy.

d. tautology.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

2. Which technique can be used as a kind of “molecular clock” to help determine how

long ago a species diverged from a common ancestor?

a. Relative size of the hippocampus

b. Rate of expansion of the neocortex

c. Convergent evolution

d. Comparison of DNA samples

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

3. The main subdivision of an order is a

a. phylum.

b. class.

c. genus.

d. family.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

4. The streamlined body forms of the tuna and the dolphin provide an example of

a. analogy.

b. homology.

c. homoplasy.

d. tautology.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

5. The current system that is used for classifying animals was originated by

a. Carolus Linnaeus.

b. Alfred Russel Wallace.

c. Charles Darwin.

d. Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

6. Domestic dogs are classified into about

a. four genera.

b. two orders.

c. one species.

d. 400 species.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

7. The main subdivision of a phylum is a(n)

a. order.

b. family.

c. class.

d. kingdom.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

8. Which of the following lists is arranged from most inclusive to most specific?

a. Phylum, class, family, genus

b. Family, phylum, class, genus

c. Phylum, family, order, genus

d. Class, order, genus, family

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 3. Applying

9. The description of the evolutionary history of a species is called

a. taxonomy.

b. analogy.

c. phylogeny.

d. homology.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

10. Morphology refers to

a. changing of the body or a body part.

b. the function of a body part.

c. the structure and form of a body or body part.

d. the plasticity of body parts.

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

11. Hugo de Vries first described the process of _______, based on his studies of

_______.

a. adaptation; pea plants

b. hybridization; primroses

c. inheritance; pea plants

d. mutation; primroses

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

12. Drosophila have been important for the study of genetics because of their _______

and their giant _______.

a. short generation time; chromosomes

b. easy care; axons

c. short generation time; axons

d. unique behaviors; chromosomes

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

13. The field of study that involves the classification of animals into groups is called

a. taxonomy.

b. analogy.

c. phylogeny.

d. homology.

Answer: a

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

14. Which species is currently believed to be the most closely related to humans based on

DNA analysis?

a. Siamang gibbon

b. Gorilla

c. Bonobo

d. Orangutan

Answer: c

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

15. Which statement regarding Darwinian evolution is false?

a. Some of the variation among individuals is inherited.

b. Morphological changes that occur during an individual’s lifetime are passed on to the

next generation.

c. Individuals of a given generation are not identical.

d. Not all the offspring of a given generation survive to reproduce.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 2. Understanding

16. The study of the inheritance of traits is called

a. mutation.

b. convergence.

c. naturalism.

d. genetics.

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: How Did the Enormous Variety of Species Arise on Earth?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

17. Which class has the greatest number of species?

a. Mammals

b. Birds

c. Reptiles

d. Insects

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Why Should We Study Other Species?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

18. A diffuse network of neurons, without ganglia, is seen in the nervous system of

a. shrews.

b. sea anemones.

c. mollusks.

d. bacteria.

Answer: b

Textbook Reference: Why Should We Study Other Species?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering

19. Among mammals, species that eat leaves and grasses tend to have brains that are

_______ than those of species that eat fruit or insects.

a. larger

b. less efficient

c. more metabolically costly

d. smaller

Answer: d

Textbook Reference: Why Should We Study Other Species?

Bloom’s Level: 1. Remembering