ACTUAL PORTAGE LEARNING BIO 152 MODULE 2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE 2024

ACTUAL PORTAGE LEARNING BIO 152 MODULE 2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE

ACTUAL PORTAGE LEARNING BIO 152 MODULE 2 EXAM STUDY GUIDE Cross section of the human brain. The cerebrum, diencephalon (blue), brainstem, and cerebellum. Cross section of the brain with ventricles highlighted in blue. There are two lateral ventricles, one third ventricle and one fourth ventricle, which drains CSF into the central canal of the spinal cord. Astrocytes help to form the blood-brain barrier by wrapping tightly around capillaries of the central nervous system, preventing harmful substances from harming neurons. Superior view of the left and right cerebral hemispheres, divided by the median longitudinal fissure. Deep grooves are called sulci, and ridges are called gyri in the cerebral cortex. Posterior view of the brain: The cerebrum (blue) is separated from the cerebellum by the transverse fissure. The cerebral cortex is highly ridged with deep grooves to increase the surface area. The corpus callosum (blue) connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres. Each hemisphere is divided into lobes that are specialized to control different body functions. (Lateral view, Anterior is left, Posterior is right). Posterior view of the brainstem (Cerebrum and cerebellum removed). Midsagittal view of the brain, with diencephalon structures intact. The thalamus acts as the relay station. The hypothalamus (blue) controls the pituitary gland. Midsagittal view of the brain, rotated to view the posterior-lateral portion of the diencephalon. The epithalamus is composed mostly of the pineal gland (blue). Midsagittal view of the cerebellum in context with the brainstem (cerebrum removed). Note the cerebellum has gray matter surrounding white matter. Posterior view of the cerebellum in context with the brainstem, cerebrum removed. The anterior lobes are highlighted in blue bilaterally. Anterior view of the cerebellum, brainstem removed to show the cerebellar peduncles (blue) and flocculonodular lobes. Limbic system (all structures highlighted in blue) in context with the cerebrum. The right cerebral lobe is removed to show limbic system structures. Lateral view of bilateral limbic system structures, cerebrum removed. Superior view of the cerebrum and basal ganglia (blue) in context. The basal ganglia lie deep within the cerebrum. A midsagittal view of the basal ganglia, cerebrum removed. The caudate nucleus (blue), putamen, and Globus pallidus (medial, lateral) are all parts of the basal ganglia. Posterior view of the spinal cord (blue) in context with the brain and brainstem . Posterior view of the bones of the vertebral column (blue), including the inferior sacrum and coccyx. Cross section of the spinal cord in context, surrounded by a vertebra. The vertebral body is located anteriorly, and the spinous process is located posteriorly. Cross section of the spinal cord. The white matter surrounds the gray matter, and each is organized into specific regions. Inferior view of the cerebrum, brainstem, and cranial nerves. The cranial nerves are color coded to help distinguish their location on the brainstem. All cranial nerves, except for the olfactory nerve, originate on the brainstem. Lateral view of the olfactory nerves in context. The olfactory nerves (blue) travels to the olfactory bulb and then the olfactory tract on their way to the brain for processing special sensory information