Enhance your study experience with the Test Bank for Nutrition for Healthy Living, 5th Edition by Wendy Schiff. Access comprehensive, verified questions designed to help you master nutrition concepts efficiently
The body gets nutrients from:
food
a gram of protein contains ________ kilocalories per gram.
4
Which of the following would be effective in decreasing a person's risk for premature death?
-exercising regularly
-consuming fruits and vegetables
An energy intake greater then energy expenditure results in:
body fat increases
Which nutrient comprises the largest percentage of the body of a healthy man or woman?
water
________ is the study of how the body uses nutrients
nutrition
Choose the objectives that are set by Healthy People 2020 for Nutrition and Weight Status
-increase the variety and intake of vegetables among people who are 2 years of age and older
-reduce the proportion of of obese children and adolescents
-increase the proportion of adults who have a healthy weight
Sustainable agriculture involves farming methods that
-do not harm the environment
-do not deplete natural resources
in 2016, the National Academy of Sciences reported
there is no scientific evidence that indicates genetically engineered crops are unsafe for humans or harmful to the environment
A nutrient that must be supplied by food and cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body is called a __________ nutrient.
essential
No specific food contains _________ the nutrients needed by the body
all of
The standard measurement used in nutrition is the
metric
Access the complete Test Bank for Nutrition for Healthy Living, 6th Edition by Wendy Schiff. Comprehensive questions covering all chapters (1-13) designed to enhance your understanding and mastery of key nutrition concepts.
What is the state of health when the body is improperly nourished, including under- and overnutrition
malnutrition
The information we know about the relationship between diet and health is:
constantly evolving
______ is the most essential nutrient.
water
Which of the following are the major classes of nutrients?
-lipids
-carbs
-water
Poor eating habits contribute to the leading causes of death to Americans. The top two leading causes of death to Americans are ________.
-heart disease
-cancer
A product that contains a vitamin, a mineral, an herb or other plant product an amino acid, or a dietary substance that supplements the diet by increasing total intake is called a(n)
dietary supplement
Poor eating habits contribute to the development of:
Some types of cancer, heart disease, excess body fat, type 2 diabetes
Lipids contain ____ kcal per gram
9
Which term best describes a person's usual pattern of food choices?
diet
The major role of carbohydrate is to provide the body with
energy
The effects of malnutrition can be devastating on the following staged of rapid growth:
childhood, infancy, pregnancy
In the United States, what contributes to the development of diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease?
poor diet and sedentary lifestyle
When a nutrient is missing or deficient in the diet, a _____ disease occurs
deficiency
To convert pounds to kilograms, you will divide a person's weight in pounds by ________.
2.2 kg
Which two nutrients provide no usable calories for the body?
minerals and vitamins
Special diets prescribed for people with chronic health conditions are called:
medical nutrition therapies
T/F: Nuts are an example of a food that is energy dense but do not contain empty calories.
true
Potential problems associated with undernutrition during pregnancy include:
-premature births
-death of mother
Vitamins
maintenance of immune function, production and maintenance of tissues, and protection against agents that can damage cellular components
Minerals
regulation of fluid balance, formation of certain chemical messangers, structural and functional components of various substances and tissues
Water
regulation of body temperature, elimination of wastes, and transportations of substances
Lipids
energy source and necessary for the absorption of certain vitamins
The amount of a nutrient that allows the body to function optimally is called the ____ dose.
physiological
How many kilocalories are in one gram of alcohol?
7
Nutrient toxicity may result from _______.
Taking megadoses of a supplements, eating large amounts of foods that are fortified.
A plant chemical that is not considered a nutrient but may provide health benefits is called a
phytochemical
Many ______ are antioxidants that may reduce risks of heart disease and certain cancers
phytochemicals
A dietary supplement is a product that contains:
amino acids
vitamins
minerals
Infant formula may be diluted with ______ by poor parents trying to extend the use of the formula.
water
T/F: On a food label, a Calorie is really a kilocalorie
true
A _____ is a unit of heat energy needed to raise one liter of water one degree Celsius
kilocalorie
A ____ is a nutrient needed in milligram or microgram quantities in the diet
micronutrient
Which of the following best describes a kilocalorie?
a unit describing the energy content of food.
By making certain dietary changed (such as decreasing fat intake), a person may:
-forestall the development of certain diseases
-lessen the severity of a disease
Breast milk is considered the best food for young infants because
-sanitary
-it is nutritionally adequate
-it provides immunity
Having a family history of heart disease means that you have increased chance of developing heart disease and is considered a _________ ________
risk factor
A person's way of living that includes patterns of behavior such as dietary practices and physical activity habits is called
lifestyle
Which of the following are examples of risk factors?
-nutritional habits
-heredity
-smoking
Reducing one's risk for heart disease and/or cancer can be achieved by:
-limiting alcohol intake
-maintaining a healthy weight
-avoiding tobacco exposure
Which of the following is the number one cause of preventable death?
smoking
The typical American today consumes ______ fate, sugar, and total kilocalories than in 1970
more
Which of the following results in a loss of nutrients in a food?
refinement
Heredity, lifestyle choices, and nutritional habits are all examples of
risk factors
It is more practical and less expensive to _____ a disease than to treat it.
prevent
What is the term used to describe the intake of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount?
megadose
The total of all chemical processes that occur in living cells.
metabolism
T/F: Most foods are predominantly one nutrient
false
Which of the following are considered macronutrients?
-carbs
-proteins
-fats
Malnourished children are especially susceptible to _______.
measles
Which term describes a food or beverage that is a poor source of micronutrients in relation to its energy value?
empty-calorie
The endosperm is mostly:
starch
Phytochemicals
may have healthful benefits
Lena weighs 165 pounds. What is her weight in kilograms?
75 kg
An antioxidant is a(n)
substance that protects cell components from being damaged or destroyed
Which of the following foods is energy and nutrient dense?
peanut butter
Which of the following is not one of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States?
tuberculosis
Which of the following is a rich source of phytochemicals?
peaches
The nutrients that provide energy are
proteins, fats, and carbohydrates
Diet is a
pattern of food choices
A(n) ____________ is a personal endorsement of a product. These endorsements are biased and often found in advertisements for various products.
testimonial
The most reliable nutrition advice is based on
research
Observational epidemiological research includes
-cohort studies
-case-control studies
Which types of studies cannot establish cause and effect?
Epidemiological
When two variables have a relationship they are said to be in ______ with each other but you cannot say there is a cause and effect relationship
correlation
Before an article can be published, a critical analysis of the article is conducted by fellow research colleagues. This process is called _______ _______.
peer review
Researchers from Cornell University have written a manuscript about the impact of soy consumption on breast cancer risk. Which of the following people is best qualified to be a peer reviewer of the manuscript before it is published.
A researcher from the University of Illinois who specialized in soy research, but did not collaborate on the study.
T/F: The dynamic and rapidly advancing field of nutrition necessitates that scientists change their recommendations in the light of new, substantiated findings.
true
Cohort studies can be retrospective or ________
prospective
A college-trained health-care professional who has extensive knowledge of foods and nutrition is called a
-registered dietitian (RD)
-registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN).
Organize the basic steps of experimental epidemiological research in order from start to finish.
1. Make observations
2. Develop a hypothesis
3. Design the study and preform tests
4. Analyze data and draw conclusions
5. Share results with peers
Which of the following are suggestions to help consumers make healthful and logical nutrition decisions?
Avoid practitioners who prescribe unnecessary megadoses of nutrients, apply healthy nutrition practices to confirm or disprove claims, examine the scientific credentials of the individual or company making a claim, and read the product labels carefully.
Consumers need to be skeptical of nutrition and health-related claims because
A. promoters of worthlessness nutrition products are good marketers.
C. Nutrition misinformation can be spread through a variety of sources.
D. The FDA cannot prevent the spread of misinfoormation published.
A _______ is a factor such as person's age, weight, or environment that can change and influence an outcome
variable
Consumers are often unaware that
the FDA evaluated supplements as foods, not medication
_______ assignment of subjects to groups in a research study helps to ensure that members of treatment and control groups have similar characteristics. This enhances the validity of the study results.
random
The use of dietary supplements ______ be shared with your doctor
should
A valid experiment requires both a treatment and ______ group
control
John telling his friend that taking a new weight loss pill helped him effectively lose weight is an example of _____ information
anecdotal
Evidence based information is supported by
scientific studies
Nutrition misinformation, or nutrition fiction, _______.
-promotes purchase of special products
-uses personal testimonials
-is widespread in our culture
A drug
-May be natural or man-made
-Is a substance that alters body functions
-May have beneficial as well as harmful effects
Nutrient deficiency diseases are a result of
-poor diets
-lack of proper nutrition
Which of the following are true statements about medical herbs?
-they should be treated as drugs
-they interact negatively with medications
-they can have negative interactions with other herbs
Use of dietary supplements, especially medicinal herbs, should be shared with health care providers because
herbal ingredients may interact with prescription medications or other dietary supplements
People who take certain herbal products or use other unconventional medical therapies to prevent or treat diseases are often convinced the products and treatments are effective, despite the general lack of scientific evidence to support their beliefs. Such personal findings may be examples of
placebo effect
A _______ group, which receives no treatment, allows researchers to determine if an experimental treatment has any effect.
control
A(n) ______is a systematic way of testing a hypothesis.
experiment
Credible nutrition information includes ________.
bias-free presentation of the research
T/F: Studying the different dietary practices and disease occurrences among populations, nutrition scientists may learn much about the influence of diet on health
true
Dietary supplements are also referred to as _____
nutraceuticals
Experimental epidemiological studies utilize
-treatment group
-control group
Which of the following are examples of whole foods?
-fruits
-vegetables
-whole-grain cereals
An inert ingredient does not produce any measurable physical changes. What type of treatment pill contains inert substances and does not produce any measurable physical changes?
placebo
Which of the following are ways to be a careful consumer of nutrition information from the internet?
-search multiple webistes
-do not trust information on websites that do not indicate valid sources
-avoid websites that provide online diagnoses and treatments
T/F: Botanical products can evoke allergic and inflammatory reactions because they often contain pollens.
true
Which of the following are examples of dietary supplements?
-echinacea
-fish oil
A type of epidemiological study where researchers observe a population and collect data over time is called a ______ study.
cohort
Generally, a sham medicine or treatment used to mimic the treatments given to the participants in an experiment is called a(n)
placebo
One of the best sources to consult with in order to solve nutrition imbalances is a
registered dietician
The participants in an experiment who are NOT given the treatment being tested are known as the _______ group
control
A website that is authored or sponsored by one person tends to provide _____ information.
biased
Which of the following studies involve human subjects?
-observational studies
-experimental (intervention) studies
The ___ is the federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of new medications.
FDA
A person in a scientific experiment who receives a non-placebo drug is a member of the _____ group.
experimental
Major nutrition organizations put together a list of red flags that signal poor nutrition advice. These include which of the following?
recommendations based on a single study, claims that sound too good to be true, recommendations that promise a quick fix
_______ is the presentation of information masquerading as factual and obtained by scientific methods
pseudoscience
Experiments using whole, living organisms are classified as
in vivo experiments
Using a copper bracelet to treat arthritis is an example of
quackery
A group of scientists observe a group of college students over 4 years to determine which of their characteristics leads to weight gain. This study is an example of:
a prospective study
Comparing individuals with iron-deficiency anemia to individuals who have very similar characteristics but are healthy would be an example of:
a case-control study
Generally, epidemiology studies:
cannot determine cause and effect relationships
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the
federal trade commission (FTC)
Which of the following websites is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutrition information?
a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (.com)
Which of the following substances would be classified as a dietary supplement according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act of 1994?
ginseng
Since the Pima Indians have adopted a more "western diet," obesity and type 2 diabetes is
more common
The nutrition facts panal
-indicates the % daily value of some food constituents
-indicates serving amounts
-lists certain food constituents
The ________ ________ _______ _____ is the standard representing the highest average amount of a nutrient that is unlikely to be harmful when consumed daily
Tolerable Upper Intake Level
Your diet is likely to be nutritionally adequate if your average daily intake for each nutrient meets the nutrients ____ or AI value
RDA
Which of the following dietary guides were inspired by the Food Guide Pyramid?
-mediterranean diet pyraminds
-asian diet pyramids
Generally speaking, the typical American diet ____ comply with the UDSA's dietary guidelines
does not
The Exchange System was originally developed to assist those with
diabetes
______ depicts the key elements of a healthy diet. It emphasizes the fruit, vegetable, grain, protein, and dairy food groups. The goal is to remind consumers to think about building a health plate at meal times and to learn more about healthy eating.
MyPlate
Dietary analysis software programs and websites can be quick and easy tools for determining
-the energy content of foods
-the nutrient content of foods
Judy wants to find out the amount of a specific nutrient needed to sustain good health. She initially checks the RDA requirements and cannot locate that nutrient. Her next step is to
Check AI standards
A(n) _____ is the amount of the nutrient that should meet the needs of 50% of the healthy people who are in a particular life stage/gender group.
EAR
The average daily energy intake that meets the needs of a healthy person maintaining his weight is the
EER (estimated energy requirement)
What term is used to describe a nutrient recommendation, when nutrition scientists are unable to develop RDAs for nutrients due to a limited body of research on the nutrient (this is part of the Dietary Reference Intakes)?
AI
Traditional Asian foods generally feature large amounts of
vegetables and rice or noodles
_______ foods are foods produced without the use of antibiotics, hormones, or synthetic fertilizers, or pesticides
organic
____ calorie foods are ones that are high in solid fats and/or added sugar. They provide calories, but few to no nutrients. Some examples are cookies, cakes, sodas, pizzas, and candy
empty
The prevent unwanted weight gain one should
-stay within daily calorie needs
-increase physical activity
Authentic Mexican meals are based primarily on
-tortillas
-rice
-beans
The traditional Asian dietary patter is lacking in ______
calcium-rich foods
A way to reduce calorie intake is to eat smaller amounts of food included in the ________ ______ allowance or eliminate them altogether
empty calorie
It is important to keep ____ under control so that you can eat a balance and varied diet without consuming more calories, fat, cholesterol, sugar, and sodium than you need
portion size
The basic premise of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans includes which of the following statements?
The Dietary Guidelines are designed to promote good health and reduce the risk of major nutrition-related chronic health conditions
Increase physical ______ and reduce time spent in __________ behaviors in order to balance calories to manage weight.
activity; sedentary
A(n) _______ describes the role a nutrient or dietary supplement plays in maintaining a structure, such as bone or promoting a normal function, such as digestion
structure/function claim
Which statement is true?
moderation applies to all food groups
The general requirements that must be met before a health claim can be made for a food product include:
-the foods must be a good source of fiber, protein, vitamin A, calcium, or iron
-the claim may describe the relationship between the product and disease
Example of soul foods include:
-black-eyed peas
-sweet potato pie
A _______ is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health
requirement
Which of the following best describes Dietary Reference Intakes?
Umbrella term for various nutrient recommendation set by the Food and Nutrition Board
Which of the following is true about trans fat?
keep trans fat as low as possible
Sodium Intake should be limited to less than _____ per day
2300mg
Which is true about the percent Daily Value used on the Nutrition Facts label?
it shows how a single serving compares to the Daily Value
What are the appropriate uses of the DRI standards?
-to reduce the risk of nutrient deficiencies
-to prevent disease
-to achieve optimal health
-to ensure that one specific nutrient is not over consumed
Fortification
the addition of nutrients to foods that are normally not present designed the nutrient content of the food
Enrichment
the replacement of some nutrients that are lost during processing
The amount of a nutrient that should meet the needs of half of the healthy people in a particular group is the
Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)
The Estimated Energy Requirement (EER) is
based on the average daily energy needs of a healthy person
0
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