Chapter 13. Integrative Physiology I: Control of Body Movement

Test Bank for Advanced Health Assessment and Diagnostic Reasoning Jacqueline Rhoads, PhD, ACNP-BC, AGNP-C, FAANP; Tammie Lee Demler, PharmD, MBA, BCPP; Lucie Dlugasch, PhD, MSN, APRN, CNE, FAANP

Table of contents

• Part  1  Strategies for Effective Health Assessment
•   Chapter  1  Interview and History-Taking Strategies
•   Chapter  2  Physical Examination Strategies
•   Chapter  3  Documentation Strategies
•   Chapter  4  Cultural and Spiritual Assessment
•   Chapter  5  Nutritional Assessment
• Part  2  Advanced Assessment of Systemic Disorders
•   Chapter  6  Mental Health Disorders
•   Chapter  7  Integumentary Disorders
•   Chapter  8  Eye Disorders
•   Chapter  9  Ear Disorders
•   Chapter  10  Nose, Sinus, Mouth, and Throat Disorders
•   Chapter  11  Respiratory Disorders
•   Chapter  12  Cardiovascular Disorders
•   Chapter  13  Endocrine Disorders
•   Chapter  14  Gastrointestinal Disorders
•   Chapter  15  Neurological Disorders
•   Chapter  16  Male Genitourinary Disorders
•   Chapter  17  Female Genitourinary and Breast Disorders
•   Chapter  18  Musculoskeletal Disorders

1) The effector in a reflex is the A) control center.

• afferent neuron.
• efferent neuron.
• sensory receptor.
• muscle or gland.

Answer:  E

Section Title:  Neural Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.1

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge)

2) A polysynaptic reflex has at least ________ in the reflex pathway.

1. one synapse
2. two synapses
3. two neurons
4. three neurons
5. two synapses and three neurons

Answer:  E

Section Title:  Neural Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.1

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge)

3) Identify the FALSE statement.

1. Adipose tissue is controlled by autonomic efferents.
2. All reflexes require input from the brain.
3. Some reflexes are genetically determined.
4. Muscle spindles are stretch receptors.
5. Proprioceptors detect limb position and movement.

Answer:  B

Section Title:  Neural Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.1

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge)

4) Which reflex is NOT controlled by the brain stem?

1. urination
2. vomiting
3. sneezing
4. swallowing
5. salivating

Answer:  A

Section Title:  Autonomic Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.2

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge) 5) Which is NOT true regarding autonomic reflexes?

1. Vomiting, sneezing, and coughing are all examples of autonomic reflexes.
2. Integrating centers for autonomic reflexes in the brain include the hypothalamus, brain stem, and limbic system.
3. Autonomic reflexes are all monosynaptic, with their synapse in the central nervous system.
4. Many autonomic reflexes are characterized by tonic activity, a continuous stream of action potentials.

Answer:  C

Section Title:  Autonomic Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.2

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge)

6) The sensory fibers of the muscle spindle organs synapse onto A) Golgi tendon organs.

• gamma motor neurons.
• alpha motor neurons.
• joint receptors.

Answer:  C

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.5

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge)

7) The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the A) stretch reflex.

• tendon reflex.
• flexor reflex.
• crossed extensor reflex.
• reciprocal reflex.

Answer:  B

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.7

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

8) The flexion reflex

1. prevents a muscle from overstretching.
2. prevents a muscle from generating damaging tension.
3. moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.
4. makes adjustments in other parts of the body in response to a particular stimulus.
5. is an example of a monosynaptic reflex.

Answer:  C

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.5

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

9) The reflex that complements a withdrawal reflex by making compensatory adjustments on the opposite side of the body receiving the stimulus is the A) stretch reflex.

• tendon reflex.
• flexor reflex.
• crossed extensor reflex.
• reciprocal reflex.

Answer:  D

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.10

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

10) It is the middle of winter and you walk over an icy patch and lose your balance. As you begin to fall, you react by extending your arms to catch yourself. In this instance, what type of reflex is occurring? A) stretch reflex

• tendon reflex
• flexor reflex
• crossed extensor reflex
• reciprocal reflex

Answer:  D

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.10

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

11) Spinal interneurons prevent muscle antagonists from interfering with an intended movement by

1. initiating a crossed extensor reflex.
2. initiating a stretch reflex.
3. initiating a tendon reflex.
4. the process of reciprocal inhibition.
5. activating reverberating circuits.

Answer:  D

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.10

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

12) The “normal” contractile fibers of the muscle are also called the A) extrafusal fibers.

• intrafusal fibers.
• muscle spindle fibers.

Answer:  A

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.5

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

13) Motor neurons are sometimes inhibited by A) Golgi tendon organs.

• muscle spindle organs.
• joint receptors.

Answer:  A

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.7

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

14) Most reflex movements are integrated by A) the brain.

• the spinal cord.
• central pattern generators.
• proprioceptors.
• effectors.

Answer:  B

Section Title:  Skeletal Muscle Reflexes

Learning Outcome:  13.1

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

15) Which class of movement can be considered a combination of the other two?

1. reflex
2. voluntary
3. rhythmic

Answer:  C

Section Title:  The Integrated Control of Body Movement

Learning Outcome:  13.11

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

16) Most reflexes are regulated by A) the brain.

• the spinal cord.
• ganglia.
• positive feedback.
• negative feedback.

Answer:  E

Section Title:  The Integrated Control of Body Movement

Learning Outcome:  13.12

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

17) Interneurons of the corticospinal tract synapse onto A) visceral efferents.

• somatic efferents.
• interneurons of central pattern generators.

Answer:  B

Section Title:  The Integrated Control of Body Movement

Learning Outcome:  13.1

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension)

18) The structure whose abnormal function is associated with Parkinson’s disease is the A) spinal cord.

• basal ganglia.
• cerebellum.
• primary motor cortex.
• skeletal muscle.

Answer:  B

Section Title:  The Integrated Control of Body Movement

Learning Outcome:  13.12

Skill:  Level I: Reviewing Facts and Terms (Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension