Test Bank Varneys Midwifery 6th edition by King

Test Bank Varney's Midwifery 6th edition by King Part I Midwifery: With Introduction by Holly Powell Kennedy Chapter 1 History of Midwifery in the United States: Anne Z. Cockerham Introduction Evolution of Nurse-Midwifery’s Professional Image and Organization Evolution of Legal Practice Authority for Nurse-Midwives Evolution of the Midwifery Scope of Practice Caring for Underserved Populations Place of Birth Nurse-Midwife/Physician Collaboration: Opportunities and Challenges Documenting the Outcomes of Midwifery Care and Midwifery Research Nurse-Midwifery Education Conclusion References Chapter 2 Professional Midwifery Today: Deanne R. Williams Introduction The Profession of Midwifery Types of Midwives Core Competencies Hallmarks of Midwifery Accreditation Certification Licensure and Regulation Code of Ethics Midwives in the United States Scope of Practice Practice Patterns Other Roles for the Modern Midwife Midwifery as a Worldwide Profession Conclusion Resources References Appendix 2A Worksheet for Engaging in Global Midwifery: Joyce E. Thompson Chapter 3 Midwifery: Clients, Context, and Care: Jyesha Wren Serbin, Simon Adriane Ellis, Elizabeth Donnelly, and Kim Q. Dau with Betty Jane Watts Carrington, Heather Clarke, Carolyn Curtis, Nicolle L. Gonzales, Patricia O. Loftman, Felina M. Ortiz, M. Susan Stemmler, and Karline Wilson-Mitchell Introduction Social Structure: Power, Privilege, and Bias Social Determinants of Health and Health Disparities Socioeconomic Status Racial Disparities Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Gender-Based Violence Techniques and Tools to Address Health Disparities in Midwifery Practice Conclusion Resources References Appendix 3A Reproductive Health Statistics: Mary C. Brucker, and Tekoa L. King Part II Midwives as Primary Care Providers: With Introduction by Lisa L. Paine Chapter 4 Introduction to the Care of Women: Jan M. Kriebs Midwife Means “With Woman” Communication Approaching the Woman Collecting the Health History The Physical Examination In-Office Laboratory Testing Establishing a Differential Diagnosis: Making an Assessment Designing a Plan Conclusion Resources References Appendix 4A Standard Precautions: Jan M. Kriebs Appendix 4B Collecting a Health History: Jan M. Kriebs Appendix 4C The Physical Examination: Jan M. Kriebs Appendix 4D Breast Examination: Jan M. Kriebs Appendix 4E Pelvic Examination: Jan M. Kriebs Appendix 4F Collecting Urinary, Vaginal, Cervical, and Rectal Specimens for Testing and Interpretation of Saline and KOH Slides: Jan M. Kriebs Chapter 5 Health Promotion Across the Lifespan: Kathryn Osborne Introduction Health Promotion: Primary Prevention Evidence-Based Counseling Interventions Immunizations Health Maintenance: Secondary Prevention Reproductive Life Planning and Preconception Care Conclusion Resources References Appendix 5A Preconception Care Visit: Mary C. Brucker, and Mary Ann Faucher Chapter 6 Common Conditions in Primary Care: Jan M. Kriebs and Barbara K. Hackley Introduction Primary Care Hematologic Conditions Cardiovascular Conditions Respiratory Conditions Gastrointestinal Disorders and Abdominal Pain Hepatitis Conditions of the Genitourinary System Endocrine Conditions Neurologic Conditions Musculoskeletal Disorders Dermatologic Conditions Substance Use: Screening and Counseling Conclusion Resources References Chapter 7 Nutrition: Mary K. Barger Nutrition and Health Nomenclature for Nutritional Standards Macronutrients Fats Physiologic Response to Food Intake Micronutrients: Vitamins and Minerals Fat-Soluble Vitamins Water-Soluble Vitamins Minerals Role of Vitamin and Mineral Supplementation Dietary Patterns Weight Management Counseling and Dietary Patterns Nutrition Across the Lifespan Nutrition and Selected Conditions Conclusion Resources References Chapter 8 Mental Health Conditions: Barbara W. Graves Screening for Mental Conditions Overview: Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy Mood Disorders Depression Anxiety and Stress Disorders Mental Health Disturbances Related to the Menstrual Cycle Perinatal Mental Health Mental Health Disorders During Pregnancy Postpartum Mood Disorders Conclusion Resources References Chapter 9 Pharmacotherapeutics: Mary C. Brucker and Tekoa L. King Introduction The Lexicon of Pharmacology Drug Development and Regulation Principles of Clinical Pharmacology Pharmacotherapeutics in Primary Care Use of Drugs During Pregnancy Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used During Pregnancy Conclusion Resources References Part III Gynecology: With Introduction by Patricia Aikins Murphy and Frances E. Likis Chapter 10 Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System: Tekoa L. King and Mary C. Brucker Introduction The Breast The External Female Genitalia The Internal Female Genitalia The Bony Pelvis The Obstetric Pelvis Clinically Important Aspects of the True Pelvis The Menstrual Cycle: An Introduction Steroidogenesis The Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Ovarian Axis The Ovarian Cycle The Endometrial Cycle Female Sexual Response Conclusion Resources References Chapter 11 Menstrual Cycle Abnormalities: Debora M. Dole and Mary C. Brucker Introduction The Normal Menstrual Cycle and Variations Amenorrhea Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Dysmenorrhea Conclusion Resources References Appendix 11A Endometrial Biopsy: Wendy Grube, and William McCool Chapter 12 Gynecologic Disorders: Sharon M. Bond, William F. McCool, and Mary C. Brucker Introduction Screening for Malignancies Cancer of the Uterine Cervix Gynecologic Evaluation and Pelvic Pain Adnexal Masses in Reproductive-Age Women Disorders of Uterine Origin Uterine Cervical Variations and Disorders Disorders of the Vulva Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Disorders Fertility/Infertility Alterations in Women’s Sexual Function Cancer of the Uterus, Ovary, Vulva, and Vagina Congenital Uterine Anomalies Conclusion Resources References Appendix 12A Fitting a Pessary: Kathryn Osborne Chapter 13 Breast Conditions: Joyce L. King Introduction Breast Development Evaluation of Breast Symptoms Benign Breast Disorders Breast Cancer Screening for Women at Low or Average Risk for Breast Cancer Screening for Women at High Risk for Breast Cancer Breast Conditions During Pregnancy and Lactation Conclusion Resources References Chapter 14 Reproductive Tract and Sexually Transmitted Infections: Julia C. Phillippi Introduction History and Physical Examination for Vaginal Symptoms and Sexually Transmitted Infections Vaginal Microbiome Vaginitis Bacterial Vaginosis Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Atrophic Vaginitis Other Causes of Vaginitis Sexually Transmitted Infections General Management Considerations Specific to Sexually Transmitted Infections Indications for Sexually Transmitted Infection Screening Communicating Information About Sexually Transmitted Infections Chlamydia Gonorrhea Pelvic Inflammatory Disease Syphilis Chancroid Lymphogranuloma Venereum Granuloma Inguinale Human Papillomavirus Herpes Simplex Virus Hepatitis Human Immunodeficiency Virus Zika Virus Protozoal and Parasitic Infections Trichomoniasis Pubic Lice (Pthiriasis) Other Infectious Agents Spread by Sexual Contact Resources References Chapter 15 Family Planning: Mary C. Brucker Introduction Common Terms and Definitions Family Planning Counseling and the Role of the Midwife Counseling Women Who Have an Unintended Pregnancy Induced Abortion Emergency Contraception Emerging Trends and Future Contraceptive Methods Conclusion Resources References Chapter 16 Nonhormonal Contraception: Mary C. Brucker Introduction The Effectiveness of Nonhormonal Methods in Preventing Pregnancy Behavioral Methods Spermicidal Agents Barrier Methods The Intrauterine Device Permanent Contraception: Sterilization Conclusion Resources References Appendix 16A Fertility Awareness Methods: Mary C. Brucker Appendix 16B Fitting Diaphragms: Mary C. Brucker Appendix 16C Intrauterine Device Insertion and Removal: Melicia Escobar Chapter 17 Hormonal Contraception: Mary C. Brucker Introduction Evolution of Hormonal Contraceptive Methods Mechanism of Action of Hormonal Contraceptives General Considerations for Hormonal Contraceptives Clinical Evaluation for Women Initiating or Changing a Hormonal Contraceptive Method Initiation of Hormonal Contraceptives Changing from One Hormonal Method to Another Managing Common Side Effects Associated with Hormonal Contraceptive Methods Short-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Combined Oral Contraceptives Progestin-Only Pills Transdermal Contraception (The Patch) Intravaginal Contraceptive Ring Injectable Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Contraceptives Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives Subdermal Implants Hormonal Intrauterine Devices Conclusion Resources References Chapter 18 Midlife, Menopause, and Beyond: Julia Lange Kessler Introduction Physiology of Midlife, Menopause, and Aging Menopause Terms and Definitions for Menopause Stages of Reproductive Aging Diagnosing Menopause Hallmark Symptoms of the Perimenopausal/Menopausal Period Lifestyle Strategies for Treatment of Perimenopausal or Menopausal Symptoms Hormone Therapy for Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms Nonhormonal Prescription Options for Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms Complementary and Alternative Therapies Common Conditions Experienced by Women During Midlife and Beyond Bone Health, Osteopenia, and Osteoporosis Conclusion Resources References Part IV Antepartum: With Introduction by Joyce E. Roberts Chapter 19 Anatomy and Physiology of Pregnancy: Tekoa L. King Introduction The Reproductive Organs During Pregnancy The Breast The Uterus Cervical Remodeling During Pregnancy Hormones of Pregnancy Fertilization and Implantation The Placenta Amniotic Fluid The Umbilical Cord The Embryo The Fetus Maternal Adaptations to Pregnancy Fetopelvic Relationships Conclusion References Chapter 20 Genetics: Gwen A. Latendresse Introduction Foundations in Genetics Inheritance Patterns of Genetic Mutations Chromosomal Disorders Birth Defects, Incidence, and Risk Identification Family History and Pedigree Evaluation as Risk Assessment Tools Screening Tests Versus Diagnostic Tests Factors That Influence Women’s Decision Making Tests for Genetic and Chromosomal Disorders Carrier Screening Screening Tests Diagnostic Tests Ultrasound Genetic Disorder Prevention and Risk Reduction When Genetic Disorders Are Identified Financial, Ethical, Legal, and Social Issues in Genetics Future Trends in Genetic Testing Conclusion Resources References Appendix 20A Steps in Constructing a Three-Generation Pedigree: Gwen A. Latendresse Chapter 21 Prenatal Care: Maria Openshaw, Cecilia M. Jevitt, and Tekoa L. King Introduction Overview of Prenatal Care Initial Prenatal Visit Interval Prenatal Visits Gestational Weight Gain and Nutrition Psychosocial Risk Screening and Counseling Health Education During Pregnancy Conclusion Resources References Appendix 21A Abdominal Examination During Pregnancy: Tekoa L. King, and Cecilia M. Jevitt Appendix 21B Clinical Pelvimetry: Jennifer M. Demma, Karen Trister Grace, and Tekoa L. King Chapter 22 Pregnancy-Related Conditions: Nancy Jo Reedy, Esther R. Ellsworth Bowers, and Tekoa L. King Introduction Overview of Midwifery Management of Women with Pregnancy-Related Conditions Common Discomforts of Pregnancy Early Pregnancy Loss Fetal Conditions Placental, Amniotic Fluid, and Umbilical Cord Abnormalities Cervical and Uterine Abnormalities Preterm Birth Premature Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Membrane Sweeping Dermatoses of Pregnancy Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Red Cell Alloimmunization Population-Specific Special Considerations During Pregnancy Techniques for Fetal Surveillance Conclusion Resources References Appendix 22A Auscultated Acceleration Test: Tekoa L. King Chapter 23 Medical Complications in Pregnancy: Tekoa L. King and Mayri Sagady Leslie Introduction Autoimmune Disorders in Pregnancy Diabetes Gastrointestinal Conditions Hematologic Disorders in Pregnancy Hepatic Disorders Hypertension During Pregnancy Infectious Diseases Neurologic Conditions Respiratory Conditions Thyroid Disorders Urinary Disorders Conclusion Resources References Part V Intrapartum: With Introduction by Nancy K. Lowe Chapter 24 Anatomy and Physiology During Labor and Birth: Cindy M. Anderson and Melissa D. Avery Introduction Premonitory Signs and Symptoms of Labor Factors That Influence the Onset of Labor Endocrinology of Labor: Parturition Cascade Clinical Stages of Labor Maternal Fetopelvic Relationships During Labor Cardinal Movements of Labor Maternal Systemic Adaptations in Labor Fetal Response to Labor Conclusion Resource References Chapter 25 First Stage of Labor: Jeremy L. Neal, Nancy K. Lowe, Sharon L. Ryan, and Linda A. Hunter Introduction Normal Physiologic Childbirth Definitions of Labor Premonitory Signs and Symptoms of Labor Onset The Normal First Stage of Labor Clinical Correlates of Duration of Labor Studies Midwifery Management During the First Stage of Labor Components of Midwifery Care for Laboring Women Continuing Evaluation During Labor Conclusion Resources References Appendix 25A Evaluation and Diagnosis of Ruptured Membranes: Jeremy L. Neal, Nancy K. Lowe, Sharon L. Ryan, Linda A. Hunter, and Amy Marowitz Chapter 26 Fetal Assessment During Labor: Tekoa L. King Introduction History of Fetal Heart Rate Monitoring Fetal Physiology Methods of Fetal Assessment During Labor Fetal Heart Rate Patterns Fetal Heart Rate Pattens That Reflect Fetal Acidemia Relationship Between Fetal Heart Rate Patterns and Newborn Outcomes Interpretation and Management of Fetal Heart Rate Patterns Special Populations Conclusion Resources References Appendix 26A Intermittent Auscultation During Labor: Tekoa L. King Appendix 26B Fetal Scalp Electrode: Tekoa L. King Chapter 27 Support for Women During Labor: Elizabeth Nutter Introduction Physiology of Pain Labor Pain Women’s Experience of Labor General Principles for Assessment of Labor Pain and Provision of Labor Support Labor Pain Relief Methods Used in the United States Nonpharmacologic Methods of Mitigating Pain Pharmacologic Methods of Mitigating Labor Pain Conclusion Resources References Appendix 27A Injection of Intradermal Sterile Water Papules for Relief of Low Back Pain in Labor: Tekoa L. King Chapter 28 Second Stage of Labor and Birth: Lisa Kane Low and Kathryn Osborne Introduction Definition of Second-Stage Labor Normal Course of the Second Stage of Labor Prolonged Duration of Second-Stage Labor Descent Abnormalities in Second-Stage Labor Assessment of Maternal and Fetal Well-Being in Second-Stage Labor Midwifery Management of the Second Stage of Labor Preparing for the Birth Management of the Birth Hydrotherapy and Waterbirth Immediately Following the Birth Conclusion Resources References Appendix 28A Hand Maneuvers for Birth: Barbara J. Reale Appendix 28B Umbilical Cord-Clamping at Birth: Debra A. Erickson-Owens, and Judith S. Mercer Appendix 28C Genital Tract Injury: Immediate Postpartum Inspection of the Vulva, Perineum, Vagina, and Cervix: Barbara J. Reale Appendix 28D Local Infiltration for Laceration Repair: Barbara J. Reale, and Tekoa L. King Appendix 28E Pudendal Nerve Block for Vaginal Birth: Deborah Anderson Appendix 28F Repair of Genital Tract Lacerations and Episiotomy: Barbara J. Reale Chapter 29 Complications During Labor and Birth: Amy Marowitz Introduction Preterm Labor/Birth Post-Term and Late Term Pregnancy Prelabor Rupture of Membranes Intrauterine Infection Induction of Labor Labor Abnormalities Trial of Labor After Cesarean Intrapartum Management for Women with Coexisting Medical Conditions Obstetric Emergencies Twin Gestation Fetal Malpresentations Breech Birth Special Clinical Situations Conclusion Resources References Appendix 29A Shoulder Dystocia: Amy Marowitz Appendix 29B Emergency Interventions for Umbilical Cord Prolapse: Amy Marowitz Appendix 29C Intrapartum Management of Twin Gestation: Amy Marowitz Appendix 29D Breech Birth: Amy Marowitz Chapter 30 Third Stage of Labor: Mavis N. Schorn Introduction Definitions Physiology of the Third Stage of Labor Management of the Third Stage of Labor Midwifery Management of the Third Stage of Labor Complications of the Third Stage of Labor Conclusion Resources References Appendix 30A Management of the Third Stage of Labor: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30B Inspection of the Umbilical Cord, Placenta, and Membranes: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30C Manual Removal of the Placenta: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30D Initial Management of Uterine Inversion: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30E Management of Immediate Postpartum Hemorrhage: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30F Intrauterine Exploration: Mavis N. Schorn Appendix 30G Sudden Postpartum Cardiovascular or Neurologic Emergencies: Mavis N. Schorn Chapter 31 Birth in the Home and Birth Center: Marsha E. Jackson and Alice J. Bailes Introduction Background Comparison of Home and Birth Center Settings Safety During Birth in Home and Birth Center Settings Essential Elements of Birth Center and Home Birth Prenatal Care The Intrapartum Period at Home or in the Birth Center The Early Postpartum Period and Follow-Up Framework for Clinical Management Management of Non-Urgent Clinical Situations Management of Urgent Emergency Clinical Situations Business Aspects of Home and Birth Center Settings Conclusion Resources References Part VI Postpartum: With Introduction by Cheryl Tatano Beck Chapter 32 Anatomy and Physiology of Postpartum: Tekoa L. King Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of Lactation Reproductive Organ Involution Wound Healing Postpartum Physiology in Nonreproductive Organs Cardiovascular and Hematologic Changes Endocrine Changes Conclusion References Chapter 33 Postpartum Care: Ira Kantrowitz-Gordon Introduction Cultural Perspectives of the Postpartum Period The First Hour Postpartum: The Fourth Stage of Labor Initial Postpartum Period Mid-Postpartum Period The Journey to Parenthood: Psychological Adaptation to Childbearing Special Considerations Conclusion Resources References Appendix 33A Management of the Fourth Stage of Labor Following Spontaneous Vaginal Birth: Ira Kantrowitz-Gordon Appendix 33B History and Physical Examination During the Early Postpartum Period: Ira Kantrowitz-Gordon Chapter 34 Postpartum Complications: Deborah Brandt Karsnitz Introduction Urinary Retention Puerperal Fever and Puerperal Infection Postpartum Bleeding Complications Preeclampsia/Eclampsia in the Postpartum Period Peripartum Cardiomyopathy Postpartum Thrombophlebitis and Thromboembolism Thyroiditis and Thyroid Storm Conclusion Resources References Chapter 35 Breastfeeding and the Mother–Newborn Dyad: Linda J. Smith, Tekoa L. King, and Cecilia M. Jevitt Introduction Lactogenesis and the Composition of Human Milk The Importance of Breastfeeding Barriers to Breastfeeding Practices That Facilitate Breastfeeding Contraindications to Breastfeeding Pharmaceuticals and Breastfeeding Assessment of the Maternal–Newborn Dyad During Breastfeeding Breastfeeding Problems Special Populations Nutrition for Lactating Women Formula-Feeding Conclusion Resources References Part VII Newborn: With Introduction by Lily Hsia Chapter 36 Anatomy and Physiology of the Newborn: Cecilia M. Jevitt Respiratory Changes Circulatory Changes Thermoregulation Glucose Regulation Hematologic System The Newborn Immune System The Newborn Gastrointestinal Tract The Newborn Microbiome The Renal System Conclusion Resources References Chapter 37 Examination of the Newborn: Cecilia M. Jevitt Introduction History Gestational Age Assessment Physical Examination of the Newborn Becoming Confident at Newborn Physical Examination Resources References Appendix 37A Physical Examination of the Newborn: Cecilia M. Jevitt Chapter 38 Neonatal Care: Cecilia M. Jevitt Introduction The First Golden Hour Newborn Assessment and Care in the First Hours After Birth The First Hours: The Newborn with an Unexpected Immediate Health Condition The First Golden Days: Normal Newborn Behavior The First Golden Days of Life: Care of the Healthy Neonate Maternal Conditions That Influence Newborn Care Newborn Disorders Discharging the Newborn from Early Newborn Care The First Golden Month: Primary Care of the Newborn