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Chapter 03
Early African Societies and the Bantu Migrations
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 51)Which of the following societies began the custom of
embalming to preserve the body for its life after death?
A. Egypt
B. Mesopotamia
C. India
D.
China
E.
Persia
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
2. (p. 52-53)Around B.C.E., peoples of the eastern Sudan
started to domesticate cattle and became nomadic herders.
A. 25,000
B. 18,000
C. 9000
D. 4000
E. 1500
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
3. (p. 53)The early Sudanic societies recognized a single divine force as
the source of good and evil, and they associated it with
A. fire.
B. the ocean.
C. the sun.
D. rain.
E. the moon.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
4. (p. 54)The Greek historian Herodotus used the phrase “the gift of the
” to describe Egypt.
A. Indus
B. Huang He
C. Nile
D. Tigris
E. Issus
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
5. (p. 54)The earliest Egyptian and Nubian states were
A. city-states.
B. small kingdoms.
C. centralized empires.
D. trading networks.
E. unified early because of the unique nature of the Tigris.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
6. (p. 54)Tradition suggests that Egypt was united around 3100 B.C.E. by
the conqueror
A. Menes.
B. Khufu.
C. Sargon of Akkad.
D. Hatshepsut.
E. Hammurabi.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
7. (p. 55)The largest Egyptian pyramids were built during the
A. Middle Kingdom.
B. Old Kingdom.
C. New Kingdom.
D. Archaic Period.
E. Second Intermediary Period.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
8. (p. 55)The pyramid of is the largest of all the pyramids.
A. Sargon of Akkad
B. Khufu
C. Hyksos
D. Menes
E. Giza
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
9. (p. 55)The capital of the kingdom of Kush was
A. Kerma.
B. Axum.
C. Memphis.
D. Harappa.
E. Harkhuf.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
10. (p. 55)Harkhuf was
A. the capital of Kush.
B. the most powerful pharaoh of the Old Kingdom.
C. an Egyptian explorer who visited Nubia.
D. the largest Middle Kingdom pyramid.
E. the first woman pharaoh.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
11. (p. 57)Pharaohs in the New Kingdom were
A. more powerful than pharaohs of the Old Kingdom.
B. descended from a line of Babylonian kings.
C. set on the throne by the Roman emperor Julius Caesar.
D. more vigorous in their attempts to extend Egyptian authority beyond
the Nile valley and delta.
E. sacrificed at age thirty-two to insure a bountiful harvest.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
12. (p. 54)Around 3100 B.C.E., the conqueror Menes founded
, a city that would serve as the capital for early Egypt.
A. Heliopolis
B. Kerma
C. Uruk
D. Memphis
E. Thebes
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
13. (p. 56)The Hyksos were
A. nomads who eventually settled around the city of Babylon.
B. horse-riding external invaders who eventually captured Memphis and
levied tribute throughout Egypt.
C. Mesopotamian kings.
D. the priestly class in ancient Egypt.
E. demons who punished the wicked in the Egyptian underworld.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
14. (p. 56)Horse-drawn chariots and bronze weapons
were introduced into Egypt by the
A. Hyksos.
B. Babylonians.
C. Kushites.
D. Harappans.
E. Qin.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
15. (p. 57)The most vigorous of all New Kingdom pharaohs was
, who led his troops into Palestine and Syria and who even
received tribute from the Mesopotamian city-states.
A. Ahmose I
B. Menes
C. Sargon of Akkad
D. Tuthmosis III
E. Hatshepsut
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
16. (p. 57)The Egyptians were the most imperialistic during the
A. First Intermediary Period.
B. Archaic Period.
C. New Kingdom.
D. Old Kingdom.
E. Middle Kingdom.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
17. (p. 58)During the eighth century B.C.E., Egypt fell
under the control of the for around a century.
A. Persians
B. Romans
C. Greeks
D. Babylonians
E. Kushites
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
18. (p. 58)Around 760 B.C.E. the Kushite king Kashta
A. ended the rule of Egypt by the pharaoh.
B. founded a dynasty that ruled Egypt for around a hundred years.
C. formed a long-lasting trading agreement with Egypt, marking their
first contact.
D. surrendered to Assyrian domination.
E. surrendered to Egyptian domination.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
19. (p. 59)In the mid-seventh century B.C.E. Egypt
lost its independence and became a part of the
A. Assyrian empire.
B. Arabic empire.
C. Persian empire.
D. Roman empire.
E. Harappan empire.
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
20. (p. 61)Hatshepsut was
A. a Mesopotamian king of the gods.
B. the Hebrew term for their god.
C. the first conqueror to unite all of Mesopotamia.
D. a woman who ruled Egypt as pharaoh.
E. the most important early city of the Harappan society.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
21. (p. 61)In which of the following societies did women
enjoy the most political influence?
A. Mesopotamia
B. Egypt
C. Hyksos
D. Assyria
E. Sumer
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
22. (p. 61)In Kush,
A. the cities were much larger than they were in Egypt.
B. woman’s only role was to serve as a slave.
C. there were apparently never any female rulers.
D. trade was officially restricted with Egypt.
E. there is evidence of many female rulers.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
23. (p. 64)In Africa, iron metallurgy
A. was introduced by Persian merchants.
B. did not appear until after the rise of trans-Saharan trade.
C. arose independently.
D. began after an odd meeting between a Kushite king and the Egyptian
explorer Harkhuf.
E. was imported into the continent by trade with the Mesopotamians.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
24. (p. 66)The Egyptians traded through the Red Sea with a land
they called Punt, which was probably
A. Harappan India.
B. Sri Lanka.
C. modern-day Somalia.
D. Assyria.
E. modern-day Angola.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
25. (p. 66)The Greek words meaning “holy inscriptions” refer to
A. hieroglyphs.
B. cuneiform.
C. the Old Testament.
D. the Phoenician alphabet.
E. the Coptic script.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
26. (p. 67)Meroitic writing
A. has now been completely translated.
B. expressed the general Egyptian optimism with life.
C. was introduced into India by the Indo-Europeans.
D. was a Nubian script that borrowed Egyptian hieroglyphs.
E. cannot be read because it’s simply too different from its base
cuneiform.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
27. (p. 67)The cult of Amon-Re
A. was a failed monotheistic religion in Egypt.
B. worshipped the god of the underworld.
C. revered a combination of two gods associated with the sun.
D. worshipped the Egyptian god of the desert.
E. was borrowed by the Egyptians from Nubian sources.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
28. (p. 67)Which pharaoh tried, unsuccessfully, to transform
Egypt into a monotheistic society?
A. Menes
B. Akhenaten
C. Tuthmosis III
D. Ahmose I
E. Tuthmosis I
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
29. (p. 67-68)The Egyptian god of the underworld was
A. Amon-Re.
B. Aten.
C. Horus.
D. Osiris.
E. Ptah.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
30. (p. 68)Osiris judged whether or not souls were
worthy of immortality
A. by weighing their hearts against a feather symbolizing justice.
B. through their completion of a journey full of tests.
C. through the individual’s level of sincere faith in Osiris as a redeemer.
D. by examining their holiness at the moment of their death.
E. through their adherence to the code of Hammurabi.
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
31. (p. 70)The Bantu originally came from around
A. the Swahili area.
B. modern-day Nigeria.
C. far southern Africa.
D. Egypt.
E. modern-day Algeria.
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
32. (p. 70)The tribes that, as early as 3000 B.C.E., began to
spread their language and agricultural techniques throughout Africa
were the A. Mali.
B. Persians.
C. Xiongnu.
D. Kongo.
E. Bantu.
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
33. (p. 70)By spreading their language across a huge stretch of
Africa, the Bantu played a role similar to that played by the
A. Indo-Europeans.
B. Mongols.
C. Xiongnu.
D. Visigoths.
E. Babylonians.
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
34. (p. 71)The Bantu probably began their migrations because of
A. invasions from the Mediterranean basin.
B. a conscious desire for conquest.
C. the threat of epidemic disease.
D. a desire to spread their monotheistic faith.
E. population pressures.
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
True / False Questions
35. (p. 51)Mummification was the process by which
Egyptians preserved bodies of deceased individuals.
TRUE
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
36. (p. 66)The Egyptians supplemented their pictographs with
symbols representing sounds and ideas; they were called hieroglyphs
by the Greeks.
TRUE
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
37. (p. 57)The New Kingdom was a powerful Egyptian state
created after the Hyksos were pushed out of power.
TRUE
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
38. (p. 67)Osiris was the Egyptian god of the underworld.
TRUE
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
39. (p. 54)Menes is credited with unification of Egypt about 3100
B.C.E. He also founded the city of Memphis.
TRUE
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
40. (p. 61)Queen Hatshepsut served as co-ruler with her stepson
Tuthmosis III.
TRUE
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
41. (p. 55)Harkhuf was a Nubian trader who brought back
exotic products from tropical Africa.
FALSE
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
42. (p. 67)Akhenaten was devoted to the Egyptian god Aten.
This represented one of the world’s first expressions of
monotheism. TRUE
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
43. (p. 55)Kerma was the ancient capital of Nubia.
FALSE
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
44. (p. 52)The Nile River links the Mediterranean basin to the
north and sub-Saharan Africa to the south.
TRUE
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Essay Questions
45. In The Great Hymn to Aten, the god Aten is referred to as “O
Sole God beside whom there is none!” Why was this statement so
revolutionary for the time? What were the foundations of Akhenaten’s
beliefs? Were their other examples from the ancient world of
monotheistic religions?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
46. What were the major achievements of the Egyptians?
How did they influence later societies?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
47. What could the modern reader learn about the relationship
between Egypt and Nubia by reading Harkhuf’s account of his journey
to Nubia? What did the two societies have in common?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
48. Examine the creation of early methods of writing. How
did this innovation influence the lives of the peoples of the ancient
world?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
49. Compare and contrast the worldviews of the Mesopotamians and
Egyptians. What factors help to explain any differences?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
50. How influential were the societies of Nubia in the ancient world?
In what ways were the Kushite kingdoms unique?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
51. Compare and contrast the religious beliefs of the
Mesopotamians, Egyptians, and Hebrews. What do the differences tell
us about these societies?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
52. Discuss the concept of an afterlife. Why did the Egyptians
reach a complex understanding of this concept before the
Mesopotamians? Does this mean that the Egyptians were morbid?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
53. In what ways do the pyramids express the worldview of the
Egyptians?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
54. Trace the political history of the Egyptians. What were the
major events and contributions of the Old and New Kingdoms?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
55. Compare the social structure of the Mesopotamians and
Egyptians. What were the conditions for women like during this period?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
56. What role did technological innovations and trade play in the
rise of the Egyptians? What innovations led to turning points in the
history of Egypt? How widely did the Egyptians trade?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
57. Examine the illustration of Osiris on page 69. What does
this ceremony tell us about the Egyptian view of death, morality, and
the afterworld?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
58. What do the pyramids tell you about Egyptian political and
religious views? Now look at the picture on page 60. What does it tell us
about the social structure of Egyptian society?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
59. Describe the development of hieroglyphic and Meroitic
writing and their influence on culture.
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
60. How did climatic change influence the early development of
African cultures?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
61. How did the institution of the pharaoh evolve, and what
was the nature of the pharaoh’s power through the Old Kingdom
period?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
62. Describe the early Kingdom of Kush. What was its
relationship with Egypt like?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
63. How did the invasion of the Hyksos influence the
later development of Egypt?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
64. In what ways was the New Kingdom period of Egypt different
from the earlier ones? What were the relations with Kush like during this
period?
Answers will vary
Topic: Early African Agricultural Society
65. What was society like in Egypt and Nubia in terms of both
social classes and gender roles?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
66. What kind of transportation systems did the Egyptians
use, and how did their transportation influence the development of
their trade networks?
Answers will vary
Topic: Forming Societies and Cultural Traditions in Africa
67. What was the societal structure of the early Bantu
speakers, and how did they approach food acquisition?
Answers will vary
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
68. How did the Bantu migrations influence the development
of the societies of sub-Saharan Africa?
Answers will vary
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
69. How did the development of iron tools change the nature of the
Bantu migrations and their impact?
Answers will vary
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
70. Describe the religious beliefs of the Bantu peoples and
compare them to those of the Egyptians.
Answers will vary
Topic: Bantu Migrations and Early Sub-Saharan Agricultural Societies
Chapter 05
Early Society in Mainland East Asia
Multiple Choice Questions
1. (p. 91)The legendary founder of the Xia dynasty, who constructed dikes
and dams and organized flood control projects, was
A. Confucius.
B. Erlitou.
C. King Yu.
D. Prince Wu.
E. Prince Shun.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
2. (p. 91)The legendary early Chinese sage-king who ordered the four
seasons and who established uniform weights, measures, and units of
time was
A. Qin Shihuangdi.
B. Shun.
C. Confucius.
D. Yu.
E. Moksha.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
3. (p. 92)Groups of Homo erectus made their appearance in east Asia
A. more than one million years ago.
B. about five hundred thousand years ago.
C. eight hundred thousand years ago.
D. around fifty thousand years ago.
E. ten thousand years ago.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
4. (p. 92)Which river takes its name from its light-colored loess soil?
A. Yangzi B.
Xi Jiang C.
Chengdu D.
Meking
E. Huang He
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
5. (p. 92)The Huang He River was given the nickname
A. China’s Sorrow.
B. Mandate of Heaven.
C. China’s Father.
D. Yellow Terror.
E. Old Man.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
6. (p. 92)Which of the following was true of the Yellow River in China?
A. The region around the Yellow River was unworkable for agriculture
until metal tools were developed.
B. The course of the Yellow River has remained remarkably table for the
last ten thousand years.
C. It provides for stable agriculture because it rarely floods.
D. It’s soil is extremely fertile and easy to work.
E. The unpredictable nature of the river prevented organized society
until 2500 B.C.E.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
7. (p. 93)Which neolithic society flourished in China between 5000 and
3000 B.C.E.?
A. Xia
B. Yangshao
C. Shang
D. Zhou
E. Yu
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
8. (p. 93)The most important archaeological site from the neolithic
Yangshao culture is
A. Banpo.
B. Huang He.
C. Xia.
D. Ao.
E. Shun.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
9. (p. 93-96)Which of the following answers is correct chronologically?
A. Xia, Zhou, Shang, Qin
B. Shang, Yangshao, Xia, Zhou
C. Yangshao, Xia, Shang, Zhou
D. Yangshao, Shang, Xia, Zhou
E. Zhou, Shang, Yangshao, Xia
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
10. (p. 93)The first attempt to organize public life in China on a
large scale occurred during the
A. Shang dynasty.
B. Yangshao culture.
C. Xia dynasty.
D. Zhou dynasty.
E. Banpo period.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
11. (p. 93)The capital of the Xia dynasty may have been
A. Ao.
B. Banpo.
C. Beijing.
D. Erlitou.
E. Mohenjo-daro.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
12. (p. 93-94)The Shang rulers were strengthened by their
control over the technological advantage of
A. iron.
B. bronze.
C. tin.
D. copper.
E. steel.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
13. (p. 94)Along with bronze weapons, the Shang nobles used
to devastating effect against their opponents.
A. the bronze axe
B. the bow and arrow
C. long pikes
D. spear-throwers
E. chariots
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
14. (p. 94)The Shang enjoyed a military advantage with
armies as large as
A. two thousand troops.
B. eight thousand troops.
C. thirteen thousand troops.
D. forty-two thousand troops.
E. one-hundred thousand troops.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
15. (p. 95)Ao was an important early capital of the dynasty.
A. Qin
B. Xia
C. Zhou
D. Shang
E. Harappan
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
16. (p. 95)The last capital of the Shang dynasty, which featured
lavish tombs for the kings, was
A. Yin.
B. Beijing.
C. Erlitou.
D. Banpo.
E. Shun.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
17. (p. 97)Which dynasty laid the foundation for
principles of government and political legitimacy?
A. Xia
B. Zhou
C. Shang
D. Qin
E. Yangshao
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
18. (p. 97)The mandate of heaven
A. gave the Chinese emperors unlimited power.
B. created the notion of the Chinese emperors as gods.
C. positioned China as a theocracy ruled by priests.
D. allowed the ruler to serve as a link between the heavens and the
earth.
E. originated with the Indo-Europeans before they reached China.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
19. (p. 97)Because of the immense size of the Zhou
state, its emperors were forced to
A. rely on a decentralized system of government.
B. rule through the use of incredible terror.
C. establish a rule based on the accepted divinity of the ruler.
D. bring in troops from their Indian allies.
E. practice a rudimentary form of democracy.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
20. (p. 97)One of the reasons for the eventual collapse of the
Zhou dynasty was the inability of its emperors to control the
production of A. bronze.
B. iron.
C. tin.
D. copper.
E. steel.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
21. (p. 98)The “Period of the Warring States” refers to the
A. early war between China and India.
B. conquest of later Shang emperors by the rising Zhou military forces.
C. chaotic last centuries of the Zhou dynasty.
D. period of disunity before Xia unification.
E. political disunity during the Qin dynasty.
Topic: Early Chinese Political Organization
22. (p. 101)In ancient China, which group presided at the
rites and ceremonies honoring ancestors’ spirits?
A. members of the official priesthood
B. women represented the nurturing earth goddess
C. the Buddhist hierarchy
D. the patriarchal heads of the families
E. Shinto priests
Topic: Ancient Chinese Family and Society