Test Bank For Cultural Psychology 4th Edition Steven J Heine

1.           Which of the following defines culture, according to the textbook?  

a.                    a group of at least three people  

b.                    males and females across different species who possess mentalizing abilities  

c.                     any information learned from other members of one’s species that can influence an individual’s behaviors  

d.                    a group of people who do not share the same context  

e.                    novel innovations that an individual creates and does not share with others  

2.           Cat A teaches Cat B, who lives in the same alley, to hold a mouse in a certain way so that the mouse can be more easily eaten. This way of holding mice then gets passed on to other cats in different alleys. Based on the definitions of culture used in the textbook, can this example be said to be culture? 

a.                    yes, because the information was passed on by social learning between Cats A and B  

b.                    yes, because all animals have culture  

c.                     no, because Cats A and B belong to a group of cats from the same alley  

d.                    no, because the information was passed on to other cats in different alleys  

e.                    no, because culture cannot not spread from one alley to another  

3.           According to the definition offered in the textbook, which of the following would NOT be a good example of culture? 

a.                    a child mimics her friend by sticking her tongue out when she doesn’t like her food  

b.                    a child learns how to brush her teeth from her father  

c.                     a child improves on her brother’s game by using three marbles instead of two  

d.                    a child creates a piece of art she has never seen before while, at the same time, listening to her sister sing songs  

e.                    a child learns from her teacher how to sit down nicely in her chair during lunch  

4.           A chimpanzee learns from his human zookeeper to wash carrots in the artificial river in his habitat before eating them. Based on the definitions of culture used in the textbook, can this example be said to be culture? 

a.                    yes, because the information was passed on by social learning  

b.                    yes, because a habit or practice can be said to be culture  

c.                     yes, because the chimpanzee belongs to a group of chimpanzees kept in zoos  

d.                    no, because he learned the practice from a member of a different species  

e.                    no, because he is the only member of his group to adopt this habit  

5.           Gwen wants to conduct a study on dating preferences among teens in France, but she finds that French teens in the countryside are very different from French teens in the cities. The difference between French teens in the countryside versus the cities best illustrates which challenge to defining culture? 

a.                    Cultural boundaries are not always clear-cut.  

b.                    Cultures are dynamic and change over time.  

c.                     Culture and the mind make each other up.  

d.                    There are as many variations within cultures as there are between cultures.  

e.                    Psychology relies too much on WEIRD samples.  

6.           In an African studies research paper that you are writing for publication, you use the word

“culture” to refer to a group of South African people. Which of the following is a challenge to using “culture” to define a group of South Africans? 

a.                    South Africans are likely very different from people who live in parts of North Africa.  

b.                    Present-day South Africans are likely very similar to South Africans in the early twentieth century.  

c.                     All South Africans share the same political and environmental contexts, leading them to have very similar experiences.  

d.                    There is too much variability within the South African population to warrant a single “South African” category.  

e.                    South Africa is economically very different from its neighbor, Botswana.  

7.           A key difference between cultural psychologists and general psychologists is that 

a.                    cultural psychologists study people in many different cultures in order to study universals, whereas general psychologists study people from one culture to study universals.  

b.                    cultural psychologists study people from one culture, whereas general psychologists study people from many cultures.  

c.                     cultural psychologists try to discover laws that govern the mind as a central processing unit (CPU), whereas general psychologists study variability across contexts.  

d.                    general psychologists believe that the mind is independent from context and content, whereas cultural psychologists believe that the mind cannot be separated from context and content.  

e.                    general psychologists believe that all of human psychology is universal, whereas cultural psychologists believe that people in different cultures think and behave in very different ways that cannot be explained.  

8.           Trina believes that deep down, people from different cultures are all the same. Which psychological perspective best represents Trina’s view?  a.   multicultural approach  

b.                    existential universal  

c.                     nonuniversal  

d.                    cultural psychology  

e.                    general psychology  

9.           A cultural neuroscience study by Hedden, Ketay, Aron, Markus, and Gabrieli (2008) had European Americans and East Asians make judgments on the figure-line task while in an fMRI scanner. The key results were that European Americans showed more activation in the left inferior parietal lobe and right precentral gyrus during the relative task, while East Asians showed this pattern during the absolute task. What do these results mean? 

a.                    European Americans had to pay more attention in the absolute task than the relative task.  

b.                    East Asians had to pay more attention in the absolute task than the relative task.  

c.                     East Asians were better at the absolute task than at the relative task.  

d.                    European Americans were happier during the absolute task than during the relative task.  

e.                    European Americans were more fearful during the relative task than during the absolute task.  

10.        Some people would describe cultural psychology as the study of how “culture and mind make each other up.” What does this statement mean? 

a.                    Culture and the mind are interchangeable concepts.  

b.                    Culture and the mind are opposite concepts from one another.  

c.                     Culture and the mind can be perceived as fantasy or make-believe.  

d.                    Culture and the mind are dependent on each other.  

e.                    Culture and the mind are very similar concepts.  

11.        A key belief of the Sambia is that 

a.                    people are born straight and become gay over time with experience.  

b.                    femaleness is innate but maleness must be explicitly learned.  

c.                     male sexuality is stable throughout life.  

d.                    homosexual encounters are natural for males and females between the ages of 7 and 15.  

e.                    maleness is innate, but femaleness must be explicitly learned.  

12.        In the Sambian context, the cultural emphasis on boys to go through rituals such as piercing their noses and thrashing them with sticks suggests that, for the Sambia, 

a.                    men must work hard to maintain their innate maleness.  

b.                    women need to work toward obtaining a female essence.  

c.                     pain is not associated with masculinity.  

d.                    masculinity is something that boys gain from certain behaviors.  

e.                    there is also a strong emphasis on sexuality being rigid and unchangeable.  

13.        According to the Sambia, 

a.                    men can get jerungdu from trees with white sap.  

b.                    females must be taught to engage in warfare.  

c.                     men can never lose jerungdu.  

d.                    heterosexuality is the only accepted form of sexuality.  

e.                    maleness will develop naturally over time.  

14.        What is the highest level of universality? 

a.                    nonuniversal  

b.                    existential universal