NURS 231 Final Exam Complete Final Exam Questions and Solved Answers

NURS 231 FINAL EXAM-COMPLETE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS AND SOLVED ANSWERS Score for this quiz: 190.5 out of 200 Submitted Apr 8 at 4:46pm This attempt took 99 minutes. Question 1 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Metaplastic cells are not better prepared to survive under stressful circumstances. Question 2 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Hypertrophy can occur under normal and pathological conditions. Question 3 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice Which are true of the mitochondria? Select all that apply. Question 4 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which are true of the cell membrane? Select all that apply. Question 5 10 / 10 pts Compare and contrast the two types of gangrenous necrosis. Question 6 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Cell proliferation is the process in which proliferating cells become more specialized cell types. Question 7 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: Cell differentiation is the process of increasing cell numbers by mitotic cell division. Question 8 2.5 / 2.5 pts What are two important properties that stem cells possess? Question 9 2.5 / 2.5 pts These are cells of the same lineage that have not yet differentiated to the extent that they have lost their ability to divide: Question 10 10 / 10 pts 1. is a systemic treatment that enables drugs to reach the site of the tumor as well as other distant sites. 2. The profound weight loss and wasting of fat and tissue that accompany cancer is known as . Question 11 5 / 5 pts Short answer Explain the challenges of diagnosing autoimmune disorders. Question 12 2.5 / 2.5 pts True/False: The T cells that display the host’s MHC antigens and T-cell receptors for a nonself-antigen are allowed to mature, a process termed negative selection. 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which lab value will typically be increased in a viral infection? Question 14 10 / 10 pts A 9-year-old boy with a peanut allergy was exposed to peanuts. He presents to the emergency room with an anaphylactic reaction. (1) What symptoms might he present with? (2) Does the quantity of exposure mean he will have a more severe reaction? (3) What is the initial immediate treatment? (4) What are 2 things people with anaphylaxis should always carry? Question 15 0 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: A 23-year-old African-American man with a history of severe lifelong anemia requiring many transfusions has nonhealing leg ulcers and recurrent periods of abdominal and chest pain. These signs and symptoms are most likely to be associated with which one of the following laboratory abnormalities? Question 16 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT true of vitamin B12 deficiency anemia? Question 17 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following are risk factors for secondary hyperlipidemia except? Question 18 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Risk factors for coronary heart disease include each of the following except: Question 19 10 / 10 pts Patient is found to have the above: 1. What risk factors mostly led to this disease state? 2. What is this person at risk for developing? 3. What lifestyle modifications would you suggest for them? Question 20 5 / 5 pts is the transfer of gases between the alveoli and the pulmonary capillaries. Question 21 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Each of the following can lead to atelectasis except: Pleural effusion Tumor mass Correct! Thrombus Mucous plug Question 22 8 / 10 pts Short answer: Question 23 5 / 5 pts T/F – Make true if False Oligodendrocytes produce myelin in the PNS. Question 24 5 / 5 pts T/F – Make true if False Someone in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease requires assistance for their activities of daily living. Question 25 10 / 10 pts Long Answer Essay A 75-year-old male is brought to the emergency department via ambulance at 5 pm. The patient’s spouse reports that when they woke up (approximately at 6 am) he reported to her that he was having some blurred vision but decided to go about his day. As the day progressed, he started experiencing tingling and feelings of weakness on the entire left side of his body. He has a past medical history of diabetes. Based upon these symptoms and past medical history, what do you suspect this patient is experiencing? How would you confirm this diagnosis? What treatment should be administered? Explain why you chose that treatment. Question 26 0 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Risk factors for gallstone formation include each of the following EXCEPT: Question 27 5 / 5 pts Multiple choice Risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer include each of the following EXCEPT: Question 28 5 / 5 pts Short answer What are rhythmic movements designed to propel the chyme along the small intestine toward the large intestine? Question 29 5 / 5 pts True/False: Anti-diarrheal medication can be used with all types of diarrhea. Question 30 2.5 / 2.5 pts Which of the following is characteristic of chronic transplant rejection? Correct! Question 31 2.5 / 2.5 pts A patient is said to be in stage 2 kidney disease. What would you expect their GFR to be? A. 97 mL/min/1.73m2 B. 42 mL/min/1.73m2 C. 70 mL/min/1.73m2 D. 14 mL/min/1.73m2 Question 32 5 / 5 pts Short Answer: Explain how the kidney can maintain a constant GFR despite variations in the arterial blood pressure of the rest of the body. Question 33 10 / 10 pts A patient presents in the emergency department with severe dehydration secondary to vomiting. The following are the results of their blood work: pH = 8.2, PCO2 = 39 mm, and HCO - = 33 mEq/L. Based upon these results, what type of acid-base disorder are they experiencing? Is compensation occurring? Describe a treatment intervention for this disorder. Normal values are as follows: pH = 7.35-7.45, PCO2 = 35-45 mm, HCO - = 22-26 mEq/L. Question 34 5 / 5 pts Multiple Choice: Signs and symptoms of Addison’s disease include each of the following EXCEPT: Hyperpigmentation Weight loss Muscle weakness Correct! Hyperglycemia Question 35 2.5 / 2.5 pts An endocrine hormone is released into circulation to act on a target organ. Correct! Question 36 2.5 / 2.5 pts Hormones work through receptors, and the speed of this action varies. Correct! Question 37 5 / 5 pts A 45-year-old woman presents with fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance. Lab findings show a low serum T4 and elevated TSH. 1. What diagnosis would her history and lab findings indicate? 2. What type of treatment should be given? Question 38 5 / 5 pts Symptoms of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include each of the following EXCEPT: Question 39 2.5 / 2.5 pts Multiple Choice: Which of the following would a patient likely report if you suspect they have OA? Question 40 2.5 / 2.5 pts Blood circulates through bone by what means? (mark all that apply) Question 41 5 / 5 pts If someone loses their balance when walking on uneven terrain, explain how tendons and ligaments work to protect the joint and structures within it. Question 42 10 / 10 pts A 72-year-old male is said to be in phase 3 of gout. He is obese and has a history of alcohol abuse. Develop a treatment plan including specific pharmacologic intervention and a non- pharmacologic recommendation to manage his disease.