FRESENIUS PCT Real Exam Questions and Answers 2026

FRESENIUS PCT Real Exam Questions and Answers 2026

1. What are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow?: (2) Kidneys, (2) ureters, (1) bladder, (1) urethra. 2. Which of the functions of healthy kidneys are replaced by dialysis?: Re- moval of waste products, and Regulation of fluid balance 3. What is the function of renin?: Renin is a hormone produced by the kidneys with important effects on the regulation of blood pressure, and on sodium and potassium balance 4. Erythropoietin: stimulates the bone marrow to produce red blood cells (RBSc). 5. Why must the kidney activate Vitamin D?: The kidney converts Vitamin D to Calcitriol, its activated form.This activated form of Vitamin D helps to maintain good bone health by helping absorb calcium from foods eaten 6. What causes renal osteodystrophy (bone disease)?: No longer produce calcitriol - the active form ofVitamin D o Inadequate or lacking calcitriol causes dem- ineralization of the bone - bone begins to break down to release the calcium needed for body functioning No longer excrete excess phosphorus (PO4) o Phosphorus is found in most foods and beverages o Increased PO4 levels cause further calcium bone loss 7. What are the body fluid compartments?: Intracellular-inside the cells • Extra- cellular-outside the cells • Intravascular-inside the blood vessels • Interstitial-be- tween the cells 8. What is homeostasis?: Maintaining a stable internal environment 9. uremia: build up of waste 10. What is a semi-permeable membrane?: A membrane made from protein, with small pores or holes. Only certain molecules can fit through. 11. At what point during the hemodialysis treatment will diffusion cease to occur?: Diffusion will continue throughout the dialysis treatment until the concen- tration of each electrolyte found in the patient's blood is equal to the electrolyte concentration in the dialysate. 12. What is countercurrent flow?: Blood and dialysate flow in opposite directions 13. What happens to diffusion when dialyzer fibers clot?: Clotted fibers cause the permeability of the fiber to be reduced or eliminated, causing a decrease in treatment adequacy.As a result , diffusion does not occur as particles cannot diffuse across the membrane.