BIOD 171 Final Exam (Answered)

BIOD 171 Final Exam (Answered) 1. True or False: A virus is considered a microorganism. False. Viruses are not living and as such are not considered microorganisms. Viruses can, however, be classified as microbes, a more general term that includes microorganisms and viruses. 2. What is the smallest biological unit of life? A cell. 3. At a generalized level, all cells are comprised of what? Macromolecules* *A student may also answer: Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids and Polysaccharides but they must answer with all four to be fully correct. 1. Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista are all classification under what type of organism? A. Bacteria B. Eukarya C. Archaea D. Virus B. Only Eukarya contains animals, plants, fungi and protists. 2. All multicellular microorganisms classified as Animalia are autotropic. False—they are heterotropic. 3. Microorganisms classified as obtain most of their energy by converting light energy into chemical energy. Plantae 1. Define catabolism. Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into useful energy sources. 2. Upon cellular injury, which metabolic process is involved during the growth and repair phases of the cell? The anabolic process would be active as it (by definition) is involved in the building up of small complexes into larger complexes. 1. What is one of the main functions of light reactions? Similar to the electron transport chain, one of its main functions is to generate a proton concentration gradient to generate ATP. 2. True or False: Dark reactions can occur in the presence or absence of light. True. The term ‘dark reactions’ (also known as the Calvin Cycle) simply denotes the second stage in photosynthesis—dark reactions do not actually require darkness in order to occur. 1. Assuming a constant (non-adjustable) light source power, identify the part of the microscope you would adjust to limit the amount of light entering the microscope. Select all that apply. A. Objective B. Condenser C. Iris diaphragm D. Eye piece C. The iris controls the amount of light that passes through the sample and into the objective lens. Thus, it can be adjusted (opened or closed) to alter the amount of light. 2. What is the total magnification (relative to your eye) of a sample imaged with a 60x objective and a 10x eyepiece? Show your math. 60 x 10 = 600x magnification 1. Identify what type of electron microscope was used to capture the following image and explain your choice.