BEST REVIEW NRNP 6541 Pediatric Final Exam-Walden University 2024 EXAM WITH VERIIED ANSWERS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Recommended treatment for RSV in a 7-month-old (outpatient) Use of saline drops and suctioning of the nares. Indications of when to use antipyretics. Signs of respiratory distress or dehydration. Guidelines for feeding an infant with signs of mild respiratory distress which includes smaller more frequent feedings; monitoring of the respiratory rate; and guarding against vomiting. The parents should be educated that the child may have the symptoms over the course of 2-3 weeks Epiglottitis s/s Acute and rapid onset of high fever, chills, and toxicity. Severe sore throat and drooling saliva. Will not eat or drink, muffled (hot potato) voice, and anxiety. Sitting posture with hyperextended neck with open-mouth breathing. Stridor, tachycardia, and tachypneaBrainpower Epiglottitis prevention Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) vaccine Steeple sign a radiologic sign found on radiograph where the subglottic tracheal narrowing produces a shape of a church steeple which supports a diagnosis of croup Foreign body aspiration antibiotic? Depends on the nature of the material aspirated, plus the location and degree of obstruction. Bronchial or laryngeal foreign body aspiration, a bronchoscopy must be performed for removal of the foreign body Antibiotics for bronchiolitis? Use of saline drops and suctioning of the nares. There is no evidence to support the routine use of antibiotics Antibiotics for croup? Nebulized epinephrine, corticosteroids (dexamethasone oral or IM), blow by oxygen or heliox in severe croup. Racemic epinephrine with the use of corticosteroids to limit rebound swelling Antibiotics for epiglottitis? Establish an airway preferably by nasotracheal intubation. Administer IV antibiotics such as rocephin to cover H.influenzae. Administer oxygen and respiratory support. Antibiotics should be continued for 10 days. Rifampin prophylaxis 20 mg/kg in a single dose (maximum of 600 mg) for 4 days for infants and children, 600 mg once a day for adults for 4 days. Should be provided for household contacts who are at risk (Younger than 4 years old who is non-immunized or incompletely immunized, children less than 12 months who have not received primary series of Hib, and immunocompromised children. Asthma treatment The pharmacological management of asthma in children is based on the severity of asthma and the child's age. After initial control, decrease treatment to the least amount of medication needed to maintain control. Systemic corticosteroids may be needed at any time and stepped up if there is a major flare-up of symptoms. Step 1 Asthma management for children 0-4 years old Step 1: SABA (Short acting beta2-agonist) PRN: With viral respiratory symptoms short acting beta 2-agonist should be used every 4-6 hours up to 24 hours (longer with a physician consult). Consider short course of oral systemic corticosteroids if severe exacerbation. Frequent use of SABA may indicate the need to step up treatment Step 2 Asthma management for children 0-4 years old Step 2: Consider consultation with asthma specialist. Low dose of inhaled corticosteroids. Step 3 asthma mgmt for children 0-4 yrs Step 3: Medium-dose of inhaled corticosteroids Steps 4-6 asthma mgmt for children 0-4 yrs Step 4: Medium-dose ICS and Long acting beta2-agonist or montelukast. Step 5: High dose ICS and Long acting beta 2-agonist or montelukast. Step 6: High dose of ICS and LABA or montelukast and oral corticosteroids Steps 1-3 asthma mgmt for children 5-11 yrs Step 1: SABA (Short acting beta 2-agonist) PRN: Increasing the use of short-acting beta 2-agonist or use greater than 2 days a week for symptom relief generally indicates inadequate control and the need to step up treatment.