AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY Paper 1 2024 Rated A++

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AQA A LEVEL BIOLOGY Paper 1 2024 Rated A++ 1. What is the function of the cell membrane? - Correct answer To control what enters and leaves the cell, acts as a barrier between the cell and its environment. 2. What structural feature of the cell membrane allows substances to enter/leave? - Correct answer Partially permeable 3. What is the fluid mosaic model? - Correct answer States that a membrane is a fluid structure (because phospholipids are constantly moving) with a "mosaic" of various proteins embedded in it 4. Describe the structure and function of phospholipids. - Correct answer Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail, arranged in a bilayer (heads face outwards, tails face inwards). Lipid-soluble substances only allowed to pass through. 5. What is the function of cholesterol in the CSM? - Correct answer Make phospholipids pack more closely together, restricting the movement of the phospholipids, making the membrane less fluid/more rigid. 6. What is simple diffusion? - Correct answer The (passive) movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. 7. What is facilitated diffusion? - Correct answer The passive movement of a large/charged particle down its concentration gradient through a carrier/channel protein.8. What is the process of facilitated diffusion using a carrier protein? - Correct answer Large molecule binds to a carrier protein in membrane. 9. Protein changes shape. 10. Protein releases the large molecule on the opposite side of the membrane. 11. What is the process of facilitated diffusion using a channel protein? - Correct answer Channel proteins form pores in membrane. 12. Charged particles can diffuse down their concentration gradients to the opposite side of the membrane. 13. What are the factors affecting simple diffusion? - Correct answer Concentration gradient, thickness of exchange surface and surface area. 14. What are the factors affecting facilitated diffusion? - Correct answer Number of transport proteins and strength of gradient. 15. What is osmosis? - Correct answer Diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane from an area of high water potential to an area of lower water potential. 16. What are the factors affecting osmosis? - Correct answer Water potential gradient. 17. Thickness of exchange surface. 18. Surface area of exchange surface. 19. Outline a method for RP3 (investigation of osmosis using potato chips). - Correct answer Produce a series of dilutions from 1M sucrose solution (of a variety of different concentrations, 0M, 0.2M, 0.4M, 0.6M, 0.8M, 1M). 20. Use a cork borer to cut potatoes into identically-sized chips. 21. Blot them dry with a paper towel and measure the mass of each using a mass balance.

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