AP US Government and Politics Practice Questions and Answers 2024

AP US Government and Politics Practice Questions and Answers 2024

64.Enumerated powers: those specifically given to the national government Article I-V 65. implied powers: powers that may be reasonably inferred form the constitutions necessary and proper clause Article I Section 8 Clause 18 66. inherent powers: powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign 67. reserved powers: powers that exist for the national government because the government is sovereign 68. concurrent powers: powersthat belong to both national and state governments 69. Why is the "necessary and proper clause" commonly called the elastic clause?: Allows Congress to stretch is powers by passing laws to carry out its powers 70. Describe the important precedent set by McCulloch v. Maryland 1819: The decision reinforced the supremacy clause of the Constitution. Court ruled that the states did not have the power to tax the national bank (and by extension, the federal government) 71. Describe the important precedent set by Gibbons v. Ogden (1824): The ruling increased federal power over interstate commerce by implying that anything concerning interstate trade could potentially be regulated by the federal government. The court ruled that the state of NY could not grant a steamship company a monopoly to operate on an interstate waterway, even thought the waterway ran through NY. 72. Why is cooperative federalism often referred to as marble cake federalism- : Because of the state and Federal governments mingling together to solve common policy issues 73. Describe how the US government has become more cooperative.: The federal govt has been more involved in state affairs than it used to be.The federal government now usesthe money that it givesto the statesto have control over policy areas that used to be reserved for the states. 74. Describe the meaning offiscalfederalism.: The national governments pattern ofspending, taxation, and providing grantsto influence state and local governments. 75. How does fiscal federalism resemble the "carrot and a stick" metaphor: - The national government usesfiscal policiesto influence the statesthrough granting or withholding money to pay for programs 76. Categorical Grants:: have a specific purpose defined by law, such as sewage treatment facilities or school lunch programs 77. Formula Grants: Formula grant programs are noncompetitive awards based on a predetermined formula. 78. Project Grants: one type of federal grants-in-aid; made for specific projects like the building of the H Bomb, to states, localities, and townships 79. Block Grants:: general grants that can be used for a variety of purposes within a broad category, such as education, health care, or public services; fewer strings attached so state and local governments have greater freedom in how the money is spent; preferred by states over categorical grants 80.Explain the controversy of the federal government creating unfunded man- dates for states. How does No Child Left Behind exemplify the meaning of an unfunded mandate?: Mandates often require state or local governments to meet the requirement at their own expense. 81. Define the concept of devolution.: An effort to shift responsibility of domestic programs (welfare, health care, and job training) to the states in order to decrease the size and activities of the federal government 82. List and describe the Five functions of political parties: 1.recruit and nom- inate candidates 2. educate and mobilize voters 3. provide campaign funds and support 4. organizing the government 5. reduce conflict and tension in society