Advanced Pathophysiology week 4 midterm 2026 Questions and Answers

Advanced Pathophysiology week 4 midterm 2026

Question 1 2 / 2 pts Cells in _____ may act as a reservoir in which HIV can be relatively protected from antiviral drugs. the lungs Correct! the central nervous system the thymus gland bone marrow HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the CNS. It transports the RNA into the cell nucleus. It converts single DNA into double-stranded DNA. It is needed to produce integrase. Correct! It converts RNA into double-stranded DNA. One particular family of viruses, retroviruses (e.g., HIV) carries an enzyme reverse transcriptase that creates a double-stranded DNA version of the virus. Question 3 2 / 2 pts After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for _____ months. Correct! 6 to 14 18 to 20 1 to 2 24 to 36 Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4 to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years. Question 2 2 / 2 pts What is the role of reverse transcriptase in HIV infection? Starvation Cardiovascular disease Correct! Infectious disease Traumatic injury Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Most bacterial vaccines contain attenuated organisms. Vaccines provide effective protection for all people against viruses, bacteria, and fungal infections. Most viral vaccines are made by using dead organisms. Correct! Vaccines require booster injections to maintain lifelong protection. In general, vaccine-induced protection does not persist as long as infection-induced immunity, thus booster injections may be necessary to maintain protection throughout life. They result in release of endotoxins. They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. Correct! They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. They are prevented by vaccines. The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages.