Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Chapter 39: Alterations of Musculoskeletal FunctionThe incidence of fractures of the pelvis is highest in: preadolescent boys. adolescent boys. c. adolescent girls. d. older adults. ANS: D The incidence of fractures of the upper femur, upper humerus, vertebrae, and pelvis is highest in older adults and is often associated with osteoporosis. Fractures of healthy bones, particularly the tibia, clavicle, and lower humerus, tend to occur in young persons and without gender preference. REF: p. 991

2. A client is admitted to the hospital with a transverse fracture of the femur. Which statement best describes this type of fracture?
3. The fracture line is parallel to the bone.
4. The fracture line is straight across the bone.
5. The fracture line is perpendicular to the bone.
6. The fracture line is vertical to the shaft of the bone.

ANS: B

A transverse fracture occurs straight across the bone. Such a fracture would not occur either perpendicularly or vertically in relationship to the bone. A linear fracture runs parallel to the long axis of the bone.

REF: p. 991

3. A 70-year-old diagnosed with osteoporosis fell and fractures the left leg at a location of pre-existing abnormality. Which term describes the fracture?
4. Fatigue
5. Stress
6. Pathologic
7. Greenstick

ANS: C

A pathologic fracture is a break at the site of a pre-existing abnormality, usually by force such as a fall that would not fracture a normal bone. A fatigue fracture is caused by abnormal stress or torque applied to a bone with normal ability to deform and recover. Stress fractures occur

in normal or abnormal bone that is subjected to repeated stress, such as occurs during athletics. A greenstick fracture perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone.

REF: p. 992

4. A 32-year-old obese male begins a jogging routine. A week after beginning, he fractures his leg. This is referred to as a what type of fracture?
5. Comminuted
6. Greenstick
7. Fatigue
8. Compound

ANS: C

A fatigue fracture is caused by abnormal stress or torque applied to a bone that usually occurs in individuals who engage in a new activity that is both strenuous and repetitive. A comminuted fracture is one in which a bone breaks into two or more fragments. A greenstick fracture perforates one cortex and splinters the spongy bone. A compound fracture is a complete and incomplete fracture that breaks through the skin.

REF: p. 993

5. Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in:
6. adolescents. b. older adults. c. infants.
7. premenopausal females.

ANS: A

Transchondral fractures are most prevalent in adolescents. Such fractures are not associated with older adults, infants, or premenopausal females.

6. A 35-year-old suffers a broken clavicle following a motor vehicle accident. X-ray reveals that

the bone surfaces in the joint partially lost contact with each other. This condition is called:

1. dislocation. b. subluxation. c. distortion.
2. nonunion.

ANS: B