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This is the second chapter of Test Bank for Understanding Pathophysiology 7th Edition by Sue Huenther. On this page, you will find all the exam questions on genes and genetic diseases for the test bank. A pdf copy of the test bank can also be downloaded below.
1. A nurse recalls the basic components of DNA are:
a. pentose sugars and four phosphate bases.
b. a phosphate molecule, deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases.
c. adenine, guanine, and purine.
d. codons, oxygen, and cytosine.
2. Which of the following mutations have the most significant effect on protein synthesis?
a. Base pair substitutions
b. Silent mutations
c. Intron mutations
d. Frameshift mutations
3. The base components of DNA are:
a. A, G, C, and U. b. P, G, C, and T. c. A, G, C, and T.
d. X, XX, XY, and YY.
4. A DNA strand has a region with the sequence ATCGGAT. Which of the following would be a complementary strand?
a. CGATACGT
b. TAGCCTAG
c. TUGCCTUG
d. UAGCCUAG
5. A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is the biologist describing?
a. Termination
b. Transcription c. Translocation d. Translation
6. What is the result of homologous chromosomes failing to separate during meiosis?
a. Neurofibromatosis
b. Nondisjunction
c. Polyploidy
d. Conjoined twins
7. A cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is called a cell.
a. diploid
b. euploid
c. polyploid
d. haploid
8. A 20-year-old pregnant female gives birth to a stillborn child. Autopsy reveals that the fetus has 92 chromosomes. What term may be on the autopsy report to describe this condition?
a. Biploidy
b. Triploidy
c. Tetraploidy
d. Aneuploidy
9. The condition in which an extra portion of a chromosome is present in each cell is called:
a. reciprocal translocation.
b. partial trisomy.
c. inversion.
d. Down syndrome.
10. After a geneticist talks to a patient about being a chromosomal mosaic, the patient asks the nurse what that means. How should the nurse respond? You may genetic disease(s). a. only be a carrier of the
b. have a mild form of the
c. have two
d. be sterile as a result of the
11. What is the most common cause of Down syndrome?
a. Paternal nondisjunction
b. Maternal translocations
c. Maternal nondisjunction
d. Paternal translocations
12. A patient wants to know the risk factors for Down syndrome. What is the nurse’s best response?
a. Fetal exposure to mutagens in the uterus.
b. Increased paternal age.
c. Family history of Down syndrome.
d. Pregnancy in women over age 35.
13. A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on thechart?
a. Down syndrome
b. Cri du chat syndrome
c. Turner syndrome
d. Fragile X syndrome
14. What genetic disorder is the result if an individual possesses an XXY chromosome configuration?
a. Turner
b. Klinefelter
c. Down
d. Fragile X
15. A patient demonstrates severe mental retardation caused by a deletion of part of chromosome
5. What genetic disorder will the nurse see documented in the chart?
a. Prader-Willi syndrome
b. Down syndrome
c. Cri du chat syndrome
d. Trisomy X
16. An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?
a. Penetrance
b. Expressivity
c. Dominance
d. Recessiveness
17. Cystic fibrosis is caused by what gene abnormality?
a. X-linked dominant
b. X-linked recessive
c. Autosomal dominant
d. Autosomal recessive
18. A 15-year-old female is diagnosed with Prader-Willi syndrome. This condition is an example of:
a. genomic imprinting.
b. an autosomal recessive trait.
c. an autosomal dominant trait.
d. a sex-linked trait.
19. A patient, age 9, is admitted to a pediatric unit with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. When planning care the nurse recalls the patient inherited this condition through a trait that is:
a. X-linked dominant.
b. X-influenced.
c. X-limited.
d. X-linked recessive.
20. A child is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. History reveals that the child’s parents are siblings.
Cystic fibrosis was most likely the result of:
a. X-inactivation.
b. genomic imprinting.
c. consanguinity.
d. obligate carriers.
21. A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?
a. XY
b. XX
c. XYY
d. XXY
22. To express a polygenic trait:
a. genes must interact with the environment.
b. several genes must act together.
c. multiple mutations must occur in the same family.
d. penetrance must occur.
23. What is the diagnosis of a 13-year-old female who has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present? Her features include a short stature, widely spaced nipples, and a reduced carrying angle at the elbow.
a. Down syndrome
b. Cri du chat syndrome
c. Turner syndrome
d. Klinefelter syndrome
24. The gradual increase in height among the human population over the past 100 years is an example of:
a. a polygenic trait.
b. a multifactorial trait.
c. crossing over.
d. recombination.
25. When discussing DNA replication, which enzyme is most important?
a. RNA polymerase
b. Transfer RNA
c. Messenger RNA
d. DNA polymerase
26. The regions of the heterogeneous nuclear RNA that must be spliced out to form functional
RNA are called:
a. promoter sites.
b. introns.
c. exons.
d. anticodon.
27. A 50-year-old male was recently diagnosed with Huntington disease. Transmission of this disease is associated with:
a. penetrance of a trait.
b. recurrence risk.
c. expressivity.
d. delayed age of onset.
28. What type of mutation does not change the amino acid sequence and thus has no observable consequence?
a. Frameshift
b. Spontaneous
c. Silent
d. Missense
29. A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?
a. The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease.
b. The individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normal.
c. The phenotype of genetic material.
d. The codominance.
30. Which of the following disorders is manifested primarily in males?
a. Cystic fibrosis
b. Neurofibromatosis
c. Muscular dystrophy
d. Klinefelter syndrome
1. When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (select all that apply)
a. The trait is seen much more often in females than in males.
b. The trait is never transmitted from father to son.
c. The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females. d. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters. e. The trait never skips generations.
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