TEST BANK FOR HUMAN SEXUALITY IN A CHANGING WORLD, 10TH EDITION, SPENCER
A. RATHUS, JEFF NEVID, JEFFREY S. NEVID, LOIS
FICHNER-RATHUS
Multiple Choice
1) The authors of your text define human sexuality as .
A) our awareness of ourselves and others as female or male.
B) our capacity for procreation.
C) the way we experience and express ourselves as sexual beings.
D) the way we engage in sexual intercourse or sexual fantasy throughout our lives.
Answer: C Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
2) For many researchers today, the term .refers to anatomic or biological categories, whereas refers to social or cultural categories.
A) sex; values
B) sex; gender
C) gender; sex
D) gender; values
Answer: B Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
3) The behavioral, cultural, or psychological traits that are typically associated with one sex are called
A) gender.
B) sexual behavior.
C) gender roles.
D) human sexuality.
Answer: A Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
4) Growing up in East L.A., Jose learned when to hide or show his feelings, how his actions must honor his family, how to court women, and how to “be tough” by holding his alcohol. Jose has learned
A) valuable lessons for life.
B) his culture’s definition of gender.
C) sexual behavior beliefs.
D) his culture’s gender roles for men.
Answer: D Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
5) Statements about what is right or wrong, or desirable versus undesirable, are expressions of a person’s
A) knowledge on a topic.
B) beliefs.
C) political views.
D) values. Answer: D Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
6) A society with pluralistic sexual attitudes and values has a(n)
A) liberal view of sexual attitudes and values.
B) conservative view of sexual attitudes and values.
C) wide range of sexual attitudes and values.
D) outdated view of sexual attitudes and values.
Answer: C Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
7) Which of the following best describes current values in the United States?
A) Given the diversity of American society, no single value system defines all of America.
B) American values are primarily part of a hedonistic value system.
C) Americans have embraced rationalism as a value system.
D) Most Americans show a strong sense of ethical relativism in discussing sexual values.
Answer: A Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
8) Which of the following could serve as a basis for a legalistic approach to ethical behavior?
A) Legal documents
B) The creed of a religion
C) Policies and mandates
D) The love for others
Answer: B Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
9) Many religious followers accept sexual moral codes set by their religion because they .
A) can logically derive them from societal needs.
B) have faith and commitment.
C) can rationally obtain them from societal needs.
D) can make personal interpretations.
Answer: B Page Ref: 6
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
10) In situational ethics, ethical decision-making is guided by .
A) rigid moral rules.
B) the creed of a religion.
C) intellect and reasoning.
D) the genuine love for others.
Answer: D Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
11) Telling an outright lie, according to situational ethics, might be the moral thing to do if
.
A) you can personally benefit from it.
B) no one could possibly find out you lied.
C) you do so out of love and concern for another.
D) you view the situation from another religion’s point of view.
Answer: C Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
12) In ethical relativism, it is assumed that .
A) there is no single, correct moral value.
B) human existence centers on a few central moral values.
C) one can justify a set of moral values over another.
D) premarital sex is unacceptable under any circumstance.
Answer: A Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
13) Considering the value systems used to make sexual decisions, a person using situational ethics differs from one using ethical relativism in what main way?
A) There is no difference between situational ethics and ethical relativism.
B) People who adhere to ethical relativism would argue that genuine love cannot be the basis on which to make moral decisions.
C) A person using situational ethics would argue that some moral decisions can be better than others.
D) Situational ethics focuses on the situations in which decisions are made, while ethical relativism focuses on differences between cultures.
Answer: C Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
14) A person who ascribes to cultural relativism would argue that different cultures .
A) would benefit from incorporating traditions from other cultures.
B) may have equally valid different traditions based on their cultural beliefs.
C) may have conflicting beliefs, but only one culture’s beliefs can be correct.
D) may be closer to holding superior value systems.
Answer: B Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
15) Hedonism is a value system in which a person is guided by .
A) cultural traditions.
B) the pursuit of pleasure.
C) religious principles.
D) helping others.
Answer: B Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
16) Which of the following value systems is based on self-denial of sexual desires?
A) Utilitarianism
B) Hedonism
C) Legalism
D) Asceticism Answer: D Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
17) Utilitarianism is based on the ethical thought.
A) “the greatest good for the greatest number.”
B) “if it feels good, do it.”
C) “ignore any principal if you can effect more good.”
D) “any sexual desire is bad.”
Answer: A Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
18) Which of the following groups is most likely to believe that reasoning can lead to ethical behavior?
A) Hedonist and legalist
B) Situational ethicist and ethical relativist
C) Legalist and rationalist
D) Rationalist and utilitarian
Answer: D Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
19) Which of the following best reflects the beliefs of a utilitarian?
A) An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her spouse.
B) An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her three children.
C) An unhappy marriage should not be prolonged because of personal consequences.
D) An unhappy marriage should not be ended because of religious traditions.
Answer: B Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
20) Which of the following groups is least likely to use religion and religious principles to determine ethical behavior?
A) Legalism
B) Utilitarianism
C) Asceticism
D) Hedonism Answer: D Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
21) Which of the following best reflects the beliefs of someone using a legalist value system?
A) An unhappy marriage should be ended to better serve his or her spouse.
B) An unhappy marriage should be prolonged to better serve his or her three children.
C) An unhappy marriage should be ended because of personal consequences.
D) An unhappy marriage should be prolonged because of religious traditions.
Answer: D Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
22) All of the following are elements of critical thinking, except .
A) analyzing definitions of terms.
B) finding reasons to support your beliefs.
C) relying on feelings and intuition.
D) skepticism. Answer: C Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
23) Using the principle of skepticism involves
A) generalizing from the simple to the complex.
B) finding reasons that justify your beliefs.
C) taking nothing for granted.
D) trusting authority figures.
Answer: C Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
24) After hearing the statement, “watching violence in movies leads people to be violent in their relationships,” a critical thinker about human sexuality will .
A) be cautious in accepting this conclusion, evaluate the evidence, and look for alternative explanations.
B) accept this statement as true if it is stated by someone with authority in society.
C) only accept this statement if a Web search on the topic produces a large number of sites stating the same conclusion.
D) All of the above are correct.
Answer: A Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
25) Surfing the Web, you come across a website for Dr. Anderson’s Breast Cream. The website claims that daily use of her breast enhancement cream can increase breast size in as little as two weeks. In small print at the bottom, her website lists three links to different studies that investigated the effectiveness of her cream. Which detail would likely lead a critical thinker to be very skeptical about this website?
A) The maker of the product is a medical doctor.
B) There are three studies listed as references for the effectiveness of the cream in increasing breast size.
C) The website offers a quick fix for breast enhancement.
D) The information is on the Internet.
Answer: C Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
26) In general, if a person wanted to buy a book about sex, which of the following would most likely include scientific and accurate information?
A) A book that guarantees an orgasm within 5 minutes
B) A book that is strictly morally based in one particular religion
C) A book whose author is affiliated with a college or university
D) A book by a minister or pastor
Answer: C Page Ref: 8
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
27) The worship of women’s ability to bear children was commonly found in which of the following?
A) Ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies
B) Ancient Greek readings
C) Ancient Rome poetry
D) Ancient Stone Age art
Answer: D Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
28) Phallic symbols were commonly found in the following, except _.
A) ancient Egyptian religious ceremonies.
B) ancient Greek jewelry.
C) ancient Rome parades.
D) ancient Stone Age art.
Answer: D Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
29) According to the authors of your text, the available evidence about prehistoric sexuality is best summarized by which of the following?
A) Prehistoric males dominated females in all aspects of their culture, as shown by male symbols of power in ancient art.
B) There was a division of labor between men and women, and early art symbolized female (and later, male) contributions to fertility.
C) Although ancient men and women frequently engaged in sexual behavior, they did not understand its link to childbearing.
D) Ancient people experienced frequent deaths, short-term pairings of men and women, and rarely had children that survived.
Answer: B Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
30) Phallic worship signified the penis as a symbol of .
A) generative power.
B) fertility.
C) ability to fertilize women.
D) ability to perpetuate the species.
Answer: A Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
31) Phallic worship may have come into being as .
A) women’s roles became more subservient.
B) people grew aware of the male role in reproduction.
C) religious ceremonies gained precedence.
D) men hunted wild animals.
Answer: B Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
32) It is believed that the first human taboo involved
A) male–male sexual behavior.
B) female–female sexual behavior.
C) incestuous sexual behavior.
D) premarital sexual behavior.
Answer: C Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
33) In “Western” cultures, incestuous sexual behavior was generally only permitted among the
A) royal families.
B) farming families.
C) common families.
D) middle class families.
Answer: A Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
34) Which of the following best describes the ancient Hebrew attitude toward sex?
A) Sexual desire was part of man’s sinful nature, and sex should only occur in marriages when trying to procreate.
B) Sex between men was seen as a normal and acceptable form of relationship.
C) Sex outside of marriage was tolerated for both women and men.
D) Sex should be a fulfilling part of a marriage, but procreation was also valued.
Answer: D Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
35) The ancient Hebrews and Greeks were alike in that they both .
A) viewed women as property.
B) permitted sexual relations only within marriage.
C) condemned homosexual relations.
D) had a great admiration for the human body.
Answer: A Page Ref: 9, 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
36) A man in ancient Greece would likely be arrested if caught doing which of the following?
A) Having sex with a prostitute
B) Having sex with an adolescent male
C) Having sex with a prepubescent boy
D) Divorcing his wife without cause
Answer: C Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
37) Derived from ancient Greek, the word pederasty means .
A) sexual variety.
B) sexual love of boys.
C) institution of the family.
D) male-male sexual behavior.
Answer: B Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
38) In ancient Greece, male–male sexual behavior was tolerated as long as it did not .
A) threaten the institution of the family.
B) involve an adult and an adolescent.
C) exist in the public sphere.
D) interfere with duties to the state.
Answer: A Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
39) Ancient Greeks believed that all people were .
A) inherently good.
B) derived from the “original sin.”
C) bisexual.
D) concubines. Answer: C Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
40) In ancient Greek times, prostitution flourished .
A) only among the royal families.
B) only among the average middle class.
C) only among the lower class.
D) at every level of society.
Answer: D Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
41) Sexual relations between a person and an animal is known as .
A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication. Answer: A Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
42) is a sexual activity involving oral contact with the penis.
A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication. Answer: C Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
43) Jane and Joe have sexual intercourse. They are not married. This is known as .
A) bestiality.
B) cunnilingus.
C) fellatio.
D) fornication. Answer: D Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
44) A sexual activity involving oral contact with the female genitals is known as .
A) bestiality.
B) sadism.
C) fellatio.
D) cunnilingus. Answer: D Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
45) Which is true about the early Christians?
A) They demanded virginity of brides.
B) Prostitution was widely accepted.
C) Men were taught to love their wives with passion.
D) Divorce was legal as long as the husband had cause. Answer: A
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
46) In Islam, men under most circumstances may take up to wives.
A) Four
B) Six
C) Eight
D) Ten
Answer: A
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
47) sexual practices were codified in a sex manual, the Kama Sutra, which illustrates sex positions.
A) Roman
B) Hindu
C) Islamic
D) Ancient Hebrew
Answer: B Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
48) In ancient China, the man was expected to extend intercourse as long as possible to .
A) absorb more of his wife’s natural essence, or yin.
B) absorb more of his wife’s natural essence, or yang.
C) increase the amount of yin his wife absorbed.
D) increase the amount of yang his wife absorbed.
Answer: A Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
49) Which woman’s name has become virtually synonymous with sexual repression?
A) Anne
B) Mary
C) Victoria
D) Elizabeth Answer: C Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
50) During the Victorian era, .
A) prostitution flourished.
B) prostitution was non-existent.
C) same-sex behavior was widely accepted.
D) Victorian women did not experience pleasure or orgasm.
Answer: A Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
51) Who published Studies in the Psychology of Sex between 1897 and 1910?
A) Clelia Duel Mosher
B) John Calvin
C) Richard von Krafft- Ebing
D) Havelock Ellis
Answer: D Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
52) Which German psychiatrist described case histories of people with sexual deviations the book, Psychopathia Sexualis (1886)?
A) Clelia Duel Mosher
B) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Havelock Ellis
Answer: B Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
53) Who conducted the first large-scale studies of sexual behavior in the 1930s and 1940s?
A) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Havelock Ellis
D) Alfred Kinsey
Answer: D Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
54) The perspective focuses on the roles of hormones, the nervous system, the sex organs, and genetics in human sexuality.
A) psychological
B) sociological
C) biological
D) evolutionary Answer: C Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
55) Each human cell normally contains a complement of chromosomes.
A) 23
B) 46
C) 64
D) 128
Answer: B Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
56) Each pair of chromosomes consists of or so genes.
A) 23
B) 46
C) 520
D) 1,000
Answer: D Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
57) The English naturalist, showed that current species of animals and plants evolved from other life forms through natural selection, or “survival of the fittest.”
A) Richard von Krafft-Ebing
B) Charles Darwin
C) Havelock Ellis
D) Alfred Kinsey
Answer: B Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
58) The perspective would support the notion that men are naturally more promiscuous than women because they are the genetic heirs of ancestors who reproductive success was related to the number of women they could impregnate.
A) psychological
B) sociological
C) biological
D) evolutionary
Answer: D
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
59) The perspective would support the notion that sexual behavior among “higher” mammals, such as primates, is less directly controlled by instinct than it is among the “lower” species , such as birds, fish, or lower mammals.
A) psychological
B) sociological
C) cross-species
D) evolutionary Answer: C Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
60) perspectives, like the historical perspective, provide insight into the ways in which cultural institutions and beliefs affect sexual behavior and people’s sense of morality.
A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Cross-species
D) Evolutionary
Answer: B Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
61) Which is a subfactor of the physical reasons an individual may have sex?
A) Social status
B) Love and commitment
C) Self-esteem boost
D) Stress reduction
Answer: A Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
62) Which is a subfactor of the emotional reasons an individual may have sex?
A) Mate guarding
B) Revenge
C) Love and commitment
D) Experience seeking
Answer: C Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
63) Duty/pressure is a subfactor to the reason an individual may have sex.
A) physical
B) goal attainment
C) emotional
D) insecurity Answer:D Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
64) “I wanted to brag to my friends about my conquest” is an example of the subfactor of why an individual may have sex.
A) Social status
B) Utilitarian
C) Self-esteem boost
D) Experience seeking
Answer: A Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
65) The focuses on influences involving perception, learning, motivation, emotion, personality, etc.
A) Psychological
B) Sociological
C) Cross-species
D) Evolutionary
Answer: A Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
66) Viennese physician that believed that we are all born with biologically based sex drives that must be channeled through socially approved outlets if family and social life are to carry on without conflict.
A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Aristole Answer: C Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
67) Originator of the concept of erogenous zones- the idea that many parts o the body, not just the genitals, are responsive to sexual stimulation.
A) B.F. Skinner
B) John Watson
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Aristotle Answer: C Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
68) According to Sigmund Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, how many stages of development do children undergo?
A) two
B) three
C) four
D) five Answer: D Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
69) During which state of psychosexual development does Freud believe that it is normal for children to develop erotic feelings toward the parent of the other sex?
A) phallic stage
B) oral stage
C) latency stage
D) genital stage Answer: A Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
70) is a cognitively oriented learning theory in which observational learning and values play key roles in determining behavior.
A) Oedipus complex
B) Queer theory
C) Heteronormativity
D) Feminist theory
Answer: B Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
71) A theory that challenges acceptance of males as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females.
A) Oedipus complex
B) Social-cognitive theory
C) Psychosexual development
D) Feminist theory
Answer: D Page Ref: 22
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
72) The empirical approach to studying human sexuality is based on .
A) intuition.
B) subjective evidence.
C) superstition.
D) research evidence.
Answer: D Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
73) All of the following are elements of the scientific method, except .
A) performing a Web search on a topic.
B) formulating a research question.
C) framing the research question in the form of a hypothesis.
D) drawing conclusions.
Answer: A
Page Ref: 24–25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
74) The hypothesis is a .
A) grounded theory.
B) precise prediction.
C) controlled experimentation.
D) statement of truth.
Answer: B Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
75) Marcelo wonders if people masturbate because they do not have partners available to have sex with. He predicts that people having frequent sex will masturbate less, and that people who have less sex will masturbate more due to their “deprivation.” He creates a survey to ask people how frequently they currently have sex and how frequently they masturbate. He finds the opposite of his prediction! Marcelo’s experience is an example of .
A) why scientific methods can confuse our beliefs with inconsistent findings.
B) how scientific methods are inferior to intuition because people clearly masturbate when they do not have sexual partners available.
C) using scientific methods to test a hypothesis and gain information about sexuality.
D) an incomplete use of the scientific method.
Answer: C
Page Ref: 24–25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
76) Age is a variable that is commonly used to explain sexual behavior.
A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) ethnical Answer: A Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
77) Anxieties are variables that are commonly used to explain sexual behavior.
A) biological
B) psychological
C) sociological
D) ethnical Answer: B Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
78) If we wished to study the sexual behavior of Asian Americans, the population would consist of or the findings could not be generalized to all Asian Americans.
A) all Asian Americans
B) all Asian American under the age of 18
C) all Asian American between the age of 18 and 65
D) all Asian Americans over the age of 65
Answer: A Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
79) In a random sample, known subgroups of a population are represented in proportion to their numbers in the population.
A) simplified
B) stratified
C) quantified
D) qualified Answer: B Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
80) During the , the focus is on understanding one or several individuals as fully as possible by unraveling the interplay of various factors in their backgrounds.
A) case-study method
B) naturalistic observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) laboratory observation
Answer: A Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
81) During the , researchers may interview or administer questionnaires to thousands of people from particular groups to learn about their sexual behavior and attitudes.
A) case-study method
B) survey method
C) ethnographic observation
D) laboratory observation
Answer: B
Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
82) A slanting of research data that is caused by the characteristics of individuals who volunteer to participate, such as a willingness to discuss intimate behavior is known as .
A. volunteer bias
B. case study
C. random sampling
D. stratified random sample
Answer: A Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
83) Keeping records and the names of research participants or therapy clients private is an example of .
A) random sampling.
B) validity.
C) reliability.
D) confidentiality.
Answer: D Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
84) The consistency or accuracy of a measure is known as .
A) random sampling.
B) validity.
C) reliability.
D) confidentiality.
Answer: C Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
85) 
is the degree to which an item measures what it is supposed to measure.
A) Random sampling
B) Validity
C) Reliability
D) Confidentiality
Answer: B Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
86) Which is a major finding from the Kaiser Family Foundation (2003) National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults?
A) About half of the adolescents reported being pressured into sex
B) One adolescent in three has engaged in oral sex, often to avoid intercourse.
C) Two out of three adolescents reported that adolescents tend to drink or use drugs before sex.
D) Twenty percent of the sample agreed with the statement that “Waiting to have sex is a nice idea but nobody really does.”
Answer: B Page Ref: 29
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
87) 
During , scientists directly observe the behavior of animals and human beings
where it happens. For example, a biologist might observe the behavior of animals in the wild or a sociologist might observe the street life of prostitutes.
A) laboratory observation
B) participant observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) natural observation
Answer: D Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
88) provides data concerning sexual behaviors and customs that occur among various ethnic groups.
A) Laboratory observation
B) Participant observation
C) Ethnographic observation
D) Natural observation
Answer: C Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
89) In , investigators learn about people’s behavior by directly interacting with them. This observation method has been used in studies of male-male sexual behavior and mate- swapping.
A) participant observation
B) laboratory observation
C) ethnographic observation
D) natural observation
Answer: A Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
90) In Human Sexual Response (1966), William Masters and Virginia Johnson were among the first to report direct of individuals and couples that engaged in sex acts.
A) Participant observations
B) Laboratory observations
C) Ethnographic observations
D) Natural observations
Answer: B Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
91) The describes the relationship between variables in numerical terms, and as a positive or negative.
A) survey method
B) experimental method
C) correlational method
D) variable method
Answer: C Page Ref: 34
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
92) What is the scientific method that seeks to confirm cause-and –effect relationships by manipulating independent variables and observing their effects on dependent variables?
A) Questionnaire
B) Experiment
C) Survey
D) Examination Answer: B Page Ref: 35
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
93) The is a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be observed.
A) independent variable
B) dependent variable
C) correlation
D) correlation coefficient
Answer: A Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
94) The is a group of study participants who do receive a treatment.
A) control group
B) experimental group
C) placebo
D) correlation coefficient
Answer: B Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
95) Which of the following ethical issues requires that people freely agree to participate after being given enough information about the procedures?
A) Exposing participants to harm
B) Confidentiality
C) Informed consent
D) Use of deception
Answer: C Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Describe the ethical concerns that govern the ways in which professionals interact with research participants and clients in treatment.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
True/False
1) Gender roles are a complex cluster of ways in which males and females are expected to behave within a given culture.
Answer: True Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
2) Our awareness of ourselves as females or males is part of our sexuality.
Answer: True Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
3) Value systems include legalism, situational ethics, ethical relativism, hedonism, asceticism, utilitarianism, and rationalism.
Answer: True Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
4) The main reasons religious followers accept the moral codes of their religions is out of fear of punishment.
Answer: False Page Ref: 6
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
5) A core belief of legalism is that ethical behavior is derived from an external source, such as religion.
Answer: True Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
6) A woman who has been taught that abortion is the taking of a human life may find herself with limited resources and decide in favor of an abortion is an example of situational ethics. Answer: True
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
7) A core belief of hedonism is that moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
Answer: False Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
8) Cohabitation is tolerated in some cultures, but considered in immoral in others. This is an example of relativism.
Answer: True Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
9) Hedonists might argue that like hunger or thirst, sexual desires do not involve moral considerations.
Answer: True Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
10) Asceticism holds the core belief that sexual decisions should be based on intellect and reason, not blind obedience.
Answer: False Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
11) A core belief in utilitarianism is that moral conduct brings about the greatest good for the greatest number.
Answer: True Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
12) A hedonist might decide that the personal consequence of continuing in an unhappy marriage outweigh the effects on the family or the community at large.
Answer: False Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
13) The core of critical thinking is skepticism.
Answer: True Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
14) The first step in critical thinking is to “judge a book by its cover.”
Answer: False Page Ref: 8
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
15) Based on primitive statues and cave drawings, one may surmise that Stone Age people may have been unaware of the male’s contribution to reproduction.
Answer: True Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
16) Phallic worship is worship of a woman’s ability to bear children and perpetuate the species.
Answer: False Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
17) The first human taboo may have been the prohibition against intercourse and reproduction among close blood relatives.
Answer: True Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
18) The ancient Hebrews believed that a wife was the property of her husband and could be divorced on a whim.
Answer: True Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
19) Greeks views people as bisexual.
Answer: True Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
20) Pederasty is a sexual love of girls.
Answer: False Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
21) In ancient Greece, sex between men and prepubescent boys was widely encouraged.
Answer: False Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
22) In ancient Greece, a courtesan was also referred to as a “secondary wife.”
Answer: False Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
23) Prostitution was illegal and socially unacceptable in ancient Greece.
Answer: False Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
24) In ancient Rome, women were less likely than their Greek counterparts to share their husbands’ social lives.
Answer: False Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
25) Fellatio is a sexual activity that involves oral contact with the penis.
Answer: True Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
26) Sadism is the practice of achieving sexual gratification through hurting or humiliating others.
Answer: True Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
27) Cunnilingus is a sexual activity involving oral contact with the female genitals.
Answer: True
Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
28) St. Augustine believed that men and women could only attain a state of grace through celibacy.
Answer: True Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
29) Martin Luther believed that priests should not be permitted to marry or have children.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
30) Islam was founded by the Prophet Muhammad.
Answer: True Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
31) The Kama Sutra is a sexual manual written in Colonial days in North America.
Answer: False Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
32) The Hindu belief was that sex was a religious duty, not a source of shame or guilt.
Answer: True Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
33) In ancient China, the man was expected to extend intercourse as long as possible to absorb more of his wife’s natural essence, or yang.
Answer: False Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
34) Taoists believed that masturbation was acceptable for women, but ruled out for men.
Answer: True Page Ref: 13
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
35) Many women during the Victoria period viewed sex as a marital duty to be performed for procreation or to satisfy their husbands’ cravings.
Answer: True Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
36) Prostitution flourished during the Victorian era.
Answer: True Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
37) Same-sex behavior was considered acceptable in Victorian society.
Answer: False Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
38) Havelock Ellis wrote in Studies in the Psychology of Sex that sexual problems had psychological rather than physical causes.
Answer: True Page Ref: 14-15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
39) Freud believed that sex drive was our principal motivating force.
Answer: True Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
40) Freud’s work was published in Sexual Behavior in the Human Male and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female.
Answer: False Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
41) The period of the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s is often referred to as the sexual revolution. Answer: True
Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
42) Kinsey’s samples represented the general US population during the 1940s.
Answer: False Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
43) The biological perspective focuses on the roles of hormones, the nervous system, the sex organs, and genetics in human sexuality.
Answer: True Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
44) Chromosomes are segments of genes.
Answer: False Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
45) Each human cell normally contains a complement of 46 chromosomes, which are arranged in 23 pairs.
Answer: True Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
46) Natural selection is the evolutionary process by which adaptive traits enable members of a species to survive to reproductive age and transmit these traits to future generations.
Answer: True Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
47) Natural selection is also known as “survival of the fittest.”
Answer: True Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
48) Most evolutionary psychologists argue that women are more promiscuous than men because they are responsible for the future generations being born.
Answer: False Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
49) Animals do not engage in foreplay.
Answer: False Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
50) Cross-species research reveals that sexual behavior among “higher” mammals, such as
primates, is less directly controlled by instinct than it is among the “lower” species, such as birds, fish, or lower mammals.
Answer: True Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
51) The sociological perspective and the biological perspective provide insight into the ways in which cultural institutions and beliefs affect sexual behavior and people’s sense of morality. Answer: False
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
52) Goal attainment is one of the factors that may contribute to why an individual engages in sex.
Answer: True Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
53) Stress reduction is one of the basic reasons that an individual may engage in sex.
Answer: True Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
54) The theory of personality originated by B.F. Skinner.
Answer: False Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
55) Repression is an example of a defense mechanism.
Answer: True Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
56) The erogenous zones of an individual’s body are limited to his/her sex organs.
Answer: False Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
57) Freud believed that children normally harbor erotic interests.
Answer: True Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
58) According to Freud’s theory of psychosexual development, children undergo four stages of development.
Answer: False Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
59) Freud believed that it was normal for children to develop erotic feelings toward the parent of the other sex during the phallic latency stage.
Answer: False Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
60) Freud emphasized the importance of rewards and punishment in the learning process.
Answer: False
Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
61) According to social-cognitive theory, children acquire the gender roles deemed appropriate for people of their anatomic sex through reinforcement of what society considers to be gender- appropriate behaviors and through observing the gender-role behavior of their parents, their peers, and other models.
Answer: True Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
62) Cognitive psychologists emphasize the importance of problem solving, decision making, expectations, attitudes and beliefs.
Answer: True Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
63) The feminist theory challenges acceptance of the male as the norm, traditional gender roles, and male oppression of females.
Answer: True Page Ref: 22
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
64) The Queer Theory challenges heteronormativity.
Answer: True Page Ref: 22
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
65) Heteronormativity is the assumption that homosexuality – being attracted to members of the same anatomic sex – is normal.
Answer: False Page Ref: 22
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
66) Homophobia is a hatred of homosexuals
Answer: True Page Ref: 23
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
67) Skepticism is central to the scientific approach.
Answer: True Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
68) The survey method typically gathers information about sexual attitudes and behavior through questionnaires or interviews.
Answer: True Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
69) Scientists who study sex rely heavily on their intuition and faith.
Answer: False Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
70) The empirical approach is derived from or based on observation and experimentation.
Answer: True Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
71) A hypothesis is a precise prediction about behavior that can be tested empirically.
Answer: True Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
72) Any clearly stated question can be a scientific hypothesis.
Answer: False Page Ref: 24
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
73) It is unethical for researchers to focus their research on a particular population.
Answer: False Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
74) To control behavior, sexual researchers tell people how they should behave.
Answer: False Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
75) The science of human sexuality tells people how they ought to behave.
Answer: False Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
76) Researchers in human sexuality must try to avoid introducing their own biased attitudes into the study.
Answer: True Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
77) The individuals who participate in research are said to compose the population of interest.
Answer: False Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
78) A sample of millions of Americans would give an accurate picture of the sexual behavior of the general population.
Answer: False Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
79) The best way to ensure a representative sample would be to select randomly from everyone in the population of interest.
Answer: True Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
80) A volunteer sample may be different from those people who refused to participate.
Answer: True Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
81) Researchers may conduct case studies by examining public records.
Answer: True Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
82) Case studies require that the subject be alive to be studied.
Answer: False Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
83) A case study can be conducted on an individual or on a small group.
Answer: True Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
84) Because of the richness derived from case studies, they are as rigorous a research design as an experiment.
Answer: False Page Ref: 27
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
85) Even the best surveys suffer from volunteer bias.
Answer: True Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
86) Confidentiality means keeping records and the names of research participants or therapy clients private.
Answer: True Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
87) With respect to interviews, questionnaires, and tests, validity is the degree to which an item measures what it is supposed to measure.
Answer: True Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
88) The National Health and Social Life Survey sampled the largest number of individuals of any survey of sexual topics.
Answer: False Page Ref: 29
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
89) None of the national surveys on sexuality in the United States have included Americans younger than 18 years old.
Answer: False Page Ref: 29
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
90) In some instances, respondents exaggerate their sexual exploits.
Answer: True Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
91) A recent National Surveys of Family Growth study has shown a decrease in the incidence of sexual intercourse among 15–19 year olds in the United States.
Answer: True Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
92) Social desirability refers to respondents in a survey being more attractive than those not chosen for the survey.
Answer: False Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
93) In sex studies, non-volunteers tend to be more sexually permissive than volunteers.
Answer: False Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
94) Margaret Mead studied sexual abuse of children in three primitive societies.
Answer: False Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
95) Kinsey was among the first to report direct laboratory observations of individuals and couples engaged in sexual acts.
Answer: False Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
96) Vasocongestion is muscle tension and myotonia is blood flow to the genitals.
Answer: False Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
97) A penile strain gauge is a device used for measuring sexual arousal in men in terms of changes in the circumference of the penis.
Answer: True Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
98) In correlational studies, there is evidence that Viagra causes risky sexual behavior.
Answer: False Page Ref: 33
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method,
the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
99) Chivers (2010) suggests that women are generally aroused by a wider range of sexual stimuli than are men.
Answer: True
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 34
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Easy Skill Level: Remember
100) In the Chivers studies, both heterosexual and lesbian women showed greater sexual arousal in response to stimuli depicting female targets than to stimuli showing male targets.
Answer: True Page Ref: 34
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
101) The correlational coefficient is always a positive number.
Answer: False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 34
Learning Objective: LO 1.8 Describe the correlational method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
102) Participants in experimental groups do not receive the treatment.
Answer: False
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 35
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
103) The independent variable is a condition in a scientific study that is manipulated by the researchers so that its effects may be observed.
Answer: True Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
104) A group of study participants who do not receive the experimental treatment is known as the control group.
Answer: False Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
105) Assuring anonymity to survey respondents may encourage them to disclose intimate information.
Answer: True Page Ref: 37
Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Describe the ethical concerns that govern the ways in which professionals interact with research participants and clients in treatment.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
106) Once a study has begun, participates should not be permitted to withdraw from the study without penalty for any reason.
Answer: False Page Ref: 37
Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Describe the ethical concerns that govern the ways in which professionals interact with research participants and clients in treatment.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
Short Answer
1) Why do researchers prefer to use the word gender rather than sex when referring to social or cultural categories?
Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
2) What is human sexuality?
Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
3) What are some of the sources that may influence an individual’s value system?
Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
4) List the seven (7) value systems that might be used for making sexual decisions
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
5) Define legalism. Provide an example of legalism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
6) Define situational ethics. Provide an example of situational ethics.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
7) Define relativism. Provide an example of relativism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
8) Define hedonism. Provide an example of hedonism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
9) Define asceticism. Provide an example of asceticism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
10) Define utilitarianism. Provide an example of utilitarianism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
11) Define rationalism. Provide an example of rationalism.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
12) List eight (8) different perspectives in which human sexuality may be explored.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
13) List eight (8) critical thinking steps in dealing with sexual advice on the Internet.
Page Ref: 8
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
14) List the characteristics of a woman that might be found on a primitive statue or cave drawing produced in the Stone Age.
Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
15) List examples of phallic symbols that may have been used in art.
Page Ref: 9
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
16) Name three aspects of Greek sexuality that are of particular interest in the sexual practices of the ancient world:
Page Ref: 10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
17) Define the terms: fellatio, cunninlingus, and fornication. Page Ref: 11
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
18) Name the two conflicting concepts of woman in Christianity.
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
19) List some Islamic traditions regarding marriage.
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
20) List some of the beliefs and behaviors about sex that existed during the Victorian era.
Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
21) List some of the case histories included in German psychiatrist Richard von Krafft-Ebing’s book, Psychopathia Sexualis (1886).
Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
22) List four forces that had an impact on the sexual revolution.
Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
23) List the areas that the biological perspective might focus on.
Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
24) Define mutation. What are adaptive mutations?
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
25) Provide example of how animals engage in foreplay.
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
26) Provide four examples of different groups that sociologists might consider when studying their influence on sexual behavior.
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
27) List the four broad reasons for having sex.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
28) List four physical subfactors for having sex.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
29) List four goal attainment subfactors for having sex.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
30) List three emotional subfactors for having sex.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
31) List three insecurity subfactors for having sex.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
32) What are the four most common reasons men have for having sex in long-term relationships?
Page Ref: 19
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
33) For the psychological perspective, list four of the psychological influences that may be examined.
Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
34) Provide two examples of defense mechanisms.
Page Ref: 20
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
35) Name four activities that a cognitive psychologist might focus on.
Page Ref: 21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
36) List four premises that the feminist theory challenges.
Page Ref: 22
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
37) List five of the perspectives that need to be considered to understand sexuality.
Page Ref: 23
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
38) What are the four main elements of the scientific method?
Page Ref: 24–25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
39) List the steps in the scientific method.
Page Ref: 24–25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
40) What are the four goals of the science of human sexuality?
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
41) List example of demographic variables.
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
42) List two biological variables that are commonly used to explain sexual behavior.
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
43) List two psychological variables that are commonly used to explain sexual behavior.
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
44) Describe the difference between a random sample and a stratified random sample.
Page Ref: 26
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
45) List six methods of observation.
Page Ref: 27–32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
47) Name two ways Kinsey’s interviewers were trained to behave nonjudgmentally.
Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
48) Explain the difference between reliability and validity.
Page Ref: 28
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
49) List two of the sampling technique concerns when conducting a magazine survey.
Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
50) List some of the concerns about self-reports.
Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
51) List examples of ethical dilemmas that a naturalistic observer may have experienced.
Page Ref: 31
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult Skill Level: Apply
52) What does correlation mean?
Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.8 Describe the correlational method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
53) List two instruments that might be used in a laboratory observation when studying what happens to the body during sexual response.
Page Ref: 32
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
54) Explain the difference between an independent variable and dependent variables.
Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
55) Explain deception in research.
Page Ref: 36
Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Describe the ethical concerns that govern the ways in which professionals interact with research participants and clients in treatment.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
Essay
1) How might the focus of various professional groups (i.e. anthropologists, biologists, sociologists, etc.) differ in regards to the study of human sexuality?
Page Ref: 4
Learning Objective: LO 1.1 Define the science of human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
2) What are some of the ethical behaviors that may be derived from religion in a legalistic approach?
Page Ref: 5
Learning Objective: LO 1.2 Define the value systems people use in making sexual decisions. Difficulty Level: Easy
Skill Level: Remember
3) Describe the core beliefs for each of the value systems for making sexual decisions.
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
4) What are the steps that a critical thinker might take when making a decision or solving a problem?
Page Ref: 7
Learning Objective: LO 1.3 Explain how you can become a critical thinker. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
5) Describe the differences in the perspective on human sexuality.
Page Ref: 7–21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
6) Compare and contrast the sexual attitudes and behaviors of the ancient Hebrews and Greeks.
Page Ref: 9-10
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
7) Describe the similarities and differences in sexual attitudes and behaviors for the ancient Hebrews and ancient Romans, for Christians and for Islam, in India and the Far East, and the Victorian period.
Page Ref: 9–14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
8) Discuss some of the views that Christians held about sexuality.
Page Ref: 11-12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
9) Discuss Islamic traditions regarding sex and marriage.
Page Ref: 12
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
10) Discuss some of the views that were held about sex and marriage during the Victorian era.
Page Ref: 14
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
11) Discuss Havelock Ellis’ contributions to the study of sexuality.
Page Ref: 14-15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
12) Describe some of the activities and changes that took place during the sexual revolution. Page Ref: 15
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
13) Explain what “survival of the fittest” means. Provide examples.
Page Ref: 16
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
14) Discuss evolutionary views of male-female differences in mating strategies.
Page Ref: 17
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
15) Describe the differences in the basic reasons for having sex, including the subfactors.
Page Ref: 18
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
16) Describe Sigmund Freud ‘s psychoanalytic theory, providing examples of each stage.
Page Ref: 20–21
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
17) Compare and contrast Feminist theory and Queer theory.
Page Ref: 21–23
Learning Objective: LO 1.4 Discuss various ways of looking at human sexuality. Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
18) Describe the goals of the science of human sexuality.
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.5 Explain the steps in the scientific method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
19) Does size matter in regards to sampling? Why or why not?
Page Ref: 25
Learning Objective: LO 1.6 Explain what is meant by populations and samples. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
20) Compare and contrast the methods of observation, including case study method, survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Page Ref: 27–34
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Difficult
Skill Level: Apply
21) List 6 of the major findings of the National Survey of Adolescents and Young Adults Study conducted by the Kaiser Family (2003).
Page Ref: 29
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
22) Discuss the limitations of the survey method.
Page Ref: 30
Learning Objective: LO 1.7 Describe methods of observation, including the case-study method, the survey, naturalistic observation, ethnographic observation, participant observation, and laboratory observation.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
23) Describe what correlation is and why it is important in research studies.
Page Ref: 34–35
Learning Objective: LO 1.8 Describe the correlational method. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
24) Describe the experimental method including experimental and control groups.
Page Ref: 35–36
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
25) Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect.
Page Ref: 35
Learning Objective: LO 1.9 Explain how experiments seek to determine cause and effect. Difficulty Level: Moderate
Skill Level: Understand
26) Describe ethical concerns that may be raised concerning sex research.
Page Ref: 37
Learning Objective: LO 1.10 Describe the ethical concerns that govern the ways in which professionals interact with research participants and clients in treatment.
Difficulty Level: Moderate Skill Level: Understand
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