PART ONE: HEALTH EDUCATION AND HEALTH BEHAVIOR: THE FOUNDATIONS

Download complete test bank health behavior and health education theory

ONE: THE SCOPE OF HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION

KEY POINTS

This chapter will

·         Discuss the importance of developing successful strategies to improve health behavior.

·         Summarize the leading causes of death and disease burden in the United States and globally.

·         Describe the scope and evolution of health education.

·         Provide key definitions of health education, health behavior, and health promotion.

·         Discuss the diverse settings and audiences for health education.

·         Highlight progress and challenges in health behavior and health education research.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

This chapter discusses the dynamic nature of health education and health behavior today in the context of changing patterns of disease and trends in health care, health education, and disease prevention in the United States and globally. It provides definitions of health education, health promotion, and health behavior and describes the broad and diverse parameters of this maturing field. Health behavior research has experienced great progress, but mixed findings raise new questions and pose methodological, theoretical, and substantive challenges. The interrelationships and importance of theory, research, and practice are set against a backdrop of the important, growing, and complex challenges in health education and health behavior.

KEY TERMS

Health education Health behavior Health promotion Ecological perspective

Multiple levels of influence Reciprocal causation Preventive health behavior Illness behavior

Sick-role behavior

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.       As the health promotion specialties and the varieties of intervention settings increase, which topic or setting do you see as the most important to your training, and why?

2.       Which type of communication technology do you see as having the best potential for influencing individual health behavior such as quitting smoking? Explain your vision of how this technology could make a difference now, and in 10 years.

3.       As the research literature grows, identify the research literature you are aware of. Where might you go if you were looking for existing research on a specific health behavior topic, for example how to increase use of influenza immunizations? How would you focus your search? On the behavior? The target audience? The disease? What else?

TEST BANK

T/F

1.       The demands on health education and health behavior are decreasing as strategies and evidence increase.

TRUE    FALSE

2.       Interventions at multiple levels are needed to initiate and sustain behavior change.

TRUE         FALSE

3.       Health promotion draws much of its theoretical perspectives, research , and practice tools from a variety of disciplines.

TRUE         FALSE

4.             Sustained health behavior change is based on individual lifestyle choices. TRUE    FALSE

5.       For health education to be effective, it should be designed with an understanding of the recipients’ beliefs, attitudes, values, and skills.

TRUE         FALSE

M/C

6.       What makes it possible to track trends in risk factors, health behaviors, and healthy environments?

a.      Theories

b.      Data systems

c.       Interdisciplinary research

d.      Interactive communication technologies

7.       Improvement in which of these health indicators is considered a major 20th century accomplishment in the United States?

a.      Reduction in malaria

b.      Health insurance coverage

c.       Elimination of sexually transmitted diseases

d.      Deaths from coronary artery disease

8.       “The science and art of helping people change their lifestyle toward a state of optimum health” describes

a.      Health education

b.      Health behavior

c.       Health promotion

d.      Health continuum

9.       When someone considers himself ill and receives treatment from medical providers, which category of health behavior does this involve?

a.      Preventive health behavior

b.      Illness behavior

c.       Sick-role behavior

d.      Healthy behavior

10.    Blood pressure screening at a local recreation center is an example of health education in which setting?

a.      Community

b.      Worksite

c.       Health care setting

d.      Consumer marketplace

TWO: THEORY, RESEARCH, AND PRACTICE IN HEALTH BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH EDUCATION

KEY POINTS

This chapter will

·         Discuss the interrelationships between theory, research, and practice.

·         Define theory and the key characteristics and features of theories.

·         Describe and provide examples of the building blocks of theory (concepts, constructs, variables) and related terms (models and principles).

·         Provide a historical review of key paradigms for theory and research in health promotion and education.

·         Summarize trends in the use of health behavior theories and models.

·         Explain the selection of theories for inclusion in this book, as well as the related limitations.

·         Introduce key considerations in fitting a theory or theories to research and practice.

CHAPTER SUMMARY

The design of interventions that yield desirable changes can best be done with an understanding of theories of behavior change and an ability to use them skillfully in research and practice. A synthesis of theory, research and practice will advance what is known about health behavior. This chapter defined theory and the key characteristics and features of theories; summarized trends in the use of health behavior theories and models; and explained the selection of theories for inclusion in this book. The editors intend that readers emerge from reading this book with a critical appreciation of theory and with the curiosity to pursue the theories presented in this book and other theories as well. This book should be regarded as a starting point, not an end.

KEY TERMS

Theory Praxis Systematic Generality Testability

Theory of the problem Theoriy of action Concepts

Constructs Variables Principles Models Paradigms

Reducing obstacles to change

Informed by theory Applying theory Testing theory

Building/creating theory

Conceptual or theoretical frameworks Ecological validity

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

1.       How have you used a theory in your practice? If you haven’t yet used one, which theory are you familiar with?

2.       What are the pros and cons of using a theory? How might it change your practice?

3.       As the rate of obesity is rising in the United States and paradigms are shifting, what are some ways to reduce obstacles to promote change rather than trying to motivate people to change?

4.       While you are attempting to encourage people to change their behavior to be more health-promoting, how will you respect their freedom of choice? How will you respond if the individuals or groups don’t appear to want to change the behavior?

TEST BANK

T/F

1.             Theory and practice are opposites, unrelated, with irreconcilable differences. TRUE    FALSE

2.       Health professionals are interventionists, whether practitioners or researchers.

TRUE         FALSE

3.             Theories are specific in nature. TRUE        FALSE

4.       One growing trend in health behavior change is to focus on opportunities to reduce obstacles to change

TRUE         FALSE

5.   Thehealtheducatorshouldchooseoneprimarytheoryasafoundationforpractice.TRUE    FALSE

M/C