a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Easy

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

1

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

False

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

True

b.

False

ANSWER:

True

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate

a.

faces.

b.

smells.

c.

voices.

d.

all of these answers

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

height and weight.

b.

future musical abilities.

c.

developmental growth.

d.

speech growth.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

ability to be playful.

b.

ideas concerning the baby’s awareness and competence.

c.

ability to be verbal during caretaking interactions.

d.

ability to feed, bathe, and mimic baby noisemaking.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

one month of age.

b.

six months of age.

c.

eight months of age.

d.

eleven months of age.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

limit infant speech growth.

b.

help the infant become aware and hold his attention.

c.

produce a musically talented toddler.

d.

promote infant behaviors that are unsociable.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

learn to speak by remembering words.

b.

build a vocabulary of 20 to 25 sounds.

c.

decode and divide them into abstract categories.

d.

watch how the people around them form their vowel sounds.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

they enhance children’s thinking abilities.

b.

they are enjoyable.

c.

they lay the foundation for later musical activities.

d.

all of these answers

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

may create intelligent preschoolers.

b.

is probably of limited benefit.

c.

may create positive or negative attitudes about book reading.

d.

increases most infants alertness.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

infants are smarter and display more emotions than previously believed.

b.

the ability of many American infants has declined.

c.

much of what was suspected about language growth has been disproven.

d.

fine distinctions between speech sounds is rarely recognized by babies during the first months of life.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

typical in all cultures.

b.

not recommended in the text.

c.

inappropriate in some cultures.

d.

appropriate, but most mothers need training to do it.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

closer than 4 inches.

b.

between 4 and 6 inches.

c.

between 8 and 12 inches.

d.

more than 2 feet..

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

oversized books.

b.

books with large print.

c.

colorful touch-and-feel books.

d.

those without contrasting backgrounds.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

disappears with age.

b.

confirms most theories of child language development.

c.

increases with age.

d.

remains constant if good child care is provided.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

is necessary for early drawing experience and increases intelligence.

b.

speeds motor development.

c.

is thought not to be developmentally appropriate.

d.

will require adult supervision.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

one who talked baby talk and listened

b.

one who was animated, expressive, and liked to sing

c.

one who was confident in her infant’s abilities, watchful, warm, and responsive

d.

one who spent lots of time with her infant and provided many educational toys

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

6 months.

b.

12 months.

c.

18 months.

d.

24 to 36 months.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

makes subsequent efforts easier.

b.

weakens brain connections.

c.

impedes his efforts to speak.

d.

displays superior intelligence.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

the study of language complexity.

b.

a branch of speech theory.

c.

the study of linguistics and brain structure and function.

d.

the study of language acquisition.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

treat all infants alike.

b.

make sure their tone of voice is high-pitched.

c.

overlook nonverbal communication and focus on verbalizations.

d.

read infants’ individual characteristics.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

make sure the child cannot grab the book and damage it.

b.

read on even if the child seems disinterested.

c.

use gestures or make animals sounds when appropriate.

d.

encourage the child to listen quietly without interruption.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

quiet an infant or gain his attention.

b.

influence an infant’s sense of well-being.

c.

communicate by using exaggerated voice inflections.

d.

all these answers.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

gaze coupling.

b.

tracing objects with his eyes.

c.

sharing attention given to objects with another person.

d.

turning toward voices or a sound.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

supported by scientific evidence.

b.

not supported by scientific evidence.

c.

partially true.

d.

discounted by most professional educators.

ANSWER:

b

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

may remember and give greater attention to rhymes or stories read to them before their birth.

b.

may not remember or react to literature read to them before their birth.

c.

as adults select English majors in college because they were read to before their birth.

d.

may be more intelligent if they were read to before their birth.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

regresses shortly after birth.

b.

may have developed so well that an unborn child can hear his mother’s voice.

c.

is better developed than his sight system.

d.

is rarely affected prenatally by a mother’s health.

ANSWER:

c

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

turn to look at the family’s pet dog barking.

b.

make vocal sounds including consonant-like babbles.

c.

react to changes in a primary caregiver’s tone of voice.

d.

all the above.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

intellectual experiences.

b.

certified and degreed caregivers.

c.

an environment full of sensory experience and developmentally appropriate activities.

d.

emotional relationships and attachment.

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

providing good nutrition.

b.

maintaining a safe environment for exploration.

c.

participating in active play and positive attention.

d.

all of the above

ANSWER:

d

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

a.

form a ball-like hand sign, say ball, and give it to him.

b.

watch to see if he could reach or give him a toy rake to use.

c.

wait until he made a sign before giving the ball.

d.

ask his parents if he has a sign for ball.

ANSWER:

a

POINTS:

2

DIFFICULTY:

Moderate.

ANSWER:

specific windows of time that may occur from birth to around age 10 or 12, when certain stimuli or

environmental experiences may have the opportunity to change the brain’s anatomy or make it more

efficient.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Infants are born with unique, individual differences and that a stimulus that may delight one infant may irritate or distress another.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Because it is high-pitched and sing-song, it may hold the infant’s attention and aid the infant’s focus on speech or it may soothe. A few infants prefer lower speech sounds. The practice can be frowned upon in some cultures.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

The human infant’s ability to imitate is a human characteristic that promotes problem-solving skills, gains the attention of caretakers, and usually has a pleasant payoff. It can amuse and promote attempts to study others, thus to learn a new behavior.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

The infant has a brain specifically structured to emphasize the distinctions in the language the infant has heard since birth.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

infant-mother extended eye contact

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

They are usually familiar and personal words naming people or objects encountered daily. They can also be words such as gone, more, dat, and others used frequently in home conversation or social phrases used in greetings, farewells, or interactive play such as Peek-a-boo.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Highly intonating speech; using a high pitch; using a slow pace; speaking distinctly; emphasizing certain

words; repeating comments in a relaxed fashion; promoting conversational turns; speaking face to face;

giving feedback; commenting on what the infant is focused on; naming adult or child actions as they

happen; pausing after adult comments; rewarding child vocalization with smiles, attention, touching, appropriate encouragement; and providing opportunities to explore with supervision. Other correct answers are possible.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Children who live in poor economic circumstances and who represent a disproportional percentage of African-American and Hispanic children, and those infants and young children with limited access to health care. Other factors are premature birth, poor nutrition, lack of immunizations, chronic ear infections, neural damage, physical limitations and home environments that may be crowded, provide limited language interactions, and have families that are unaware that they are contributing to their

children’s problems.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Responsive, sensitive, understands or guesses the meaning of infant cues, reacts appropriately to infant cues, notices infant actions, facial expressions, body gestures or movements, and uses eye contact, displays affection and admiration, smiles, provides verbal and nonverbal communication, matches adult actions to cues, attempts to maintain and extended eye contact. Other correct answers are possible.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Because vowel sounds are made with an open mouth in a relaxed state early in the child’s life but consonant sounds require using the lips, tongue, and the ridge of either the upper or lower jaw.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

Genes alone will not determine a child’s future abilities and talents or any other human trait. A child’s appearance and temperament may influence how others provide or withhold attention and opportunities. Life experiences and life circumstances also may include intellect-building interactions with the world around him and the people in his/her life who care and supply items for his basic social, emotional, physical and other basic and ‘extra basic’ needs will be instrumental in his growth and development.

POINTS:

3

DIFFICULTY:

Difficult.

ANSWER:

The easy going, happy, good tempered, good looking ones, or ones that look most like the caregiver and smile a lot might have an edge. Or infants that seemed to need attention the most. Or infants with particular characteristics and manners that are admired by the caregiver. If so, this should bother you. A caregiver has a limited amount of time each day to spend with all infants in their care to promote their well being and growth

potential so fairness and equal time should be a priority. If a ‘squeaky wheel’ or an overly needy child gets more staff time and energy, this should be discussed with caregivers and supervisors. All children are special