Chapter One: Developmentally Informed Youth Counseling
1. Approximately ________ percent of mental health disorders develop prior to age 14.
a. 10
b. 20
c. 50
d. 70
2. Youth development is:
a. Consistent and predictable.
b. Similar for all youth
c. Slow and predictable
d. Influenced by context
3. A milestone that differentiates adolescence from childhood is the development of:
a. Abstract thinking
b. Problem-solving skills
c. Awareness of emotions
d. Awareness of self
4. Insight is a typical developmental milestone of:
a. Early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Early adolescence
d. Later adolescence
5. Trauma is considered a developmental:
a. Protective factor
b. Risk factor
c. Resiliency factor
d. Both A and C
6. Academic engagement is considered a developmental:
a. Protective factor
b. Risk factor
c. Resiliency factor
d. Both A and C
7. One example of a cognitive risk factor is:
a. Low intelligence
b. Rebelliousness
c. Poor physical health
d. Poverty
8. One example of a psychosocial protective factor is:
a. Humor
b. High intelligence
c. Secure attachment
d. Empathy
9. A 13-year old female client reports increasing mood swings, depression, and irritability. This is most likely to be a byproduct of:
a. Puberty
b. Social rejection
c. Family conflict
d. Poverty
10. A ten-year-old child who apologizes to a peer after an argument but who cannot describe what the peer was feeling during the argument is demonstrating characteristics of the ___________ stage of development.
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
11. A child who is able to empathize with others and think abstractly is most likely in the __________ stage of development.
a. Sensorimotor
b. Preoperational
c. Concrete operational
d. Formal operational
12. Attachment in early childhood provides a foundation for:
a. Physical development
b. Self-development
c. Cognitive development
d. Emotional development
13. A child who demonstrates confidence in relationships with peers and adults demonstrates resilience in the ___________ domain:
a. Physical
b. Psychosocial
c. Cognitive
d. Emotional
14. A first-grader reacts to frustration in school by pounding her fists on the desk. This is most likely an emotional expression the student learned from a:
a. Parent
b. Peer
c. Teacher
d. Counselor
15. A baby who is born to a mother over the age of 35 may be at increased risk of:
a. Down syndrome
b. Lead exposure
c. Developmental delay
d. Cortisol exposure
16. A child who feels positively about his social relationships but negatively about his academic accomplishments is demonstrating differences in ___________ in these two areas.
a. Self-esteem
b. Self-concept
c. Temperament
d. Affect
17. Temperamental dimensions include each of the following except:
a. Sociability
b. Positive affect
c. Fear/inhibition
d. Euphoria
18. A child who independently engages in drawing, coloring, or other creative activities is likely in Erikson’s stage of:
a. Trust versus mistrust
b. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
c. Initiative versus guilt
d. Industry versus inferiority
19. In early childhood, mental health issues are most likely to be expressed through:
a. Verbal expression
b. Behavioral problems
c. Poor peer relationships
d. Poor parent-child relationships
20. A child whose temper tantrums increase during the first week of kindergarten is most likely reacting to:
a. A traumatic experience
b. A significant transition
c. A poor parent-child relationship
d. A conflict with peers
21. When working with young children, a counselor should do all of the following except:
a. Attend to the child’s basic needs during the session
b. Integrate the family into counseling whenever possible
c. Stand over the child to avoid joining the child on his/her level
d. Allow children to take an active role in the counseling process
22. During middle childhood, children’s growth becomes more:
a. Predictable
b. Consistent
c. Variable
d. Disorganized
23. The prefrontal lobe of the brain develops dramatically during:
a. Early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Early Adolescence
d. Later Adolescence
24. A young person who describes himself by stating, “I have red hair, blue eyes, and I like karate,” is most likely in the stage of:
a. Early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Early Adolescence
d. Later Adolescence
25. Youth in middle childhood typically formulate a sense of self by:
a. Taking on parents’ likes and dislikes
b. Learning from media sources
c. Comparing themselves to peers
d. Avoiding activities enjoyed by siblings
26. Friendships in middle childhood:
a. Involve supportive behaviors
b. Are defined by self-interest
c. Provide limited emotional support
d. Are less important than early childhood friendships
27. Challenges that counselors may encounter with clients in middle childhood include each of the following except:
a. Coping with transitions
b. Managing independence
c. Social skills
d. Substance use
28. The ability to engage in goal-setting and planning in counseling for children in middle childhood is influenced by increasingly complex:
a. Physical development
b. Social development
c. Cognitive development
d. Emotional development
29. Behavioral concerns can be managed in middle childhood through the use of:
a. Corporal punishment
b. Deprivation of privileges
c. Social isolation
d. Shame and embarrassment
30. An adolescent you are working with reports that she was punished for skipping class last week. When asked about this behavior, she states, “I really didn’t think I’d get caught.” This is an example of adolescents’ tendency to:
a. Engage in oppositional behaviors
b. Fail to foresee consequences
c. Focus on self-interests
d. Intentionally test limits
31. A client you are working with states that he is interested in becoming a teacher because both of his parents and all of his grandparents were also teachers. This is an example of:
a. Identity foreclosure
b. Identity diffusion
c. Identity moratorium
d. Identity achievement
32. Early adolescents are most likely to rely on their __________ when formulating values and beliefs.
a. Parents
b. Teachers
c. Siblings
d. Peers
33. During adolescence, clients and their families would most benefit from education on:
a. Rules and consequences
b. Parental dynamics and sibling relationships
c. Sexuality and peer relationships
d. Homework and academic success
34. A desire to be unique typically emerges during:
a. Early Childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Early Adolescence
d. Late Adolescence
35. A young person you are counseling describes that his mood swings have become more manageable but that he is worried that he doesn’t stand out and doesn’t stand for anything important. He also reports infrequent marijuana use. This young person is most likely in the stage of:
a. Early childhood
b. Middle childhood
c. Early adolescence
d. Late adolescence
Chapter One
1. C
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. B
6. D
7. A
8. C
9. A
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. B
14. A
15. A
16. B
17. D
18. C
19. B
20. B
21. C
22. C
23. B
24. B
25. C
26. A
27. D
28. C
29. B
30. B
31. A
32. D
33. C
34. D
35. D
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