. Which of the following statements is true regarding global stratification?
a. Global stratification is stratification of individuals on the basis of income only.
b. Global stratification exists in most countries.
c. Global stratification is a hierarchy of countries on the basis of wealth.
d. Global stratification is a recent phenomenon.
a. Global stratification is stratification of individuals on the basis of income only.
b. Global stratification exists in most countries.
c. Global stratification is a hierarchy of countries on the basis of wealth.
d. Global stratification is a recent phenomenon.
According to modernization theory,
a. social change involves increasing complexity, differentiation, and efficiency.
b. social change leads to an international division of labor.
c. social change results from neocolonialism.
d. social change is the result of some nations having more power than other nations.
a. social change involves increasing complexity, differentiation, and efficiency.
b. social change leads to an international division of labor.
c. social change results from neocolonialism.
d. social change is the result of some nations having more power than other nations.
John lives and works in Mississippi. He is part of a commodity chain because
a. he makes a product that is produced only in his town.
b. he works at a company making brass plates sold around the world
c. he is part of global production and labor process connecting him with other regions of the world
d. all of the above
a. he makes a product that is produced only in his town.
b. he works at a company making brass plates sold around the world
c. he is part of global production and labor process connecting him with other regions of the world
d. all of the above
Which of the following reflects the effects of population growth on development?
a. Population growth leads to economic stagnation.
b. Population growth leads to development.
c. Population growth can lead to development or can lead to stagnation, depending on the country.
d. Population growth is unrelated to economic development.
a. Population growth leads to economic stagnation.
b. Population growth leads to development.
c. Population growth can lead to development or can lead to stagnation, depending on the country.
d. Population growth is unrelated to economic development.
Which of the following is false?
a. High fertility rates are related to lower life expectancy for women.
b. High fertility rates are related to women's degree of empowerment in the society.
c. High fertility rates are lowered by providing women with education, property, and voting rights.
d. High fertility rates are no longer a major factor in the context of poverty.
a. High fertility rates are related to lower life expectancy for women.
b. High fertility rates are related to women's degree of empowerment in the society.
c. High fertility rates are lowered by providing women with education, property, and voting rights.
d. High fertility rates are no longer a major factor in the context of poverty.
The example of toy manufacturers is used in the text to illustrate
a. the fact that goods like toys and clothing link the U.S. to the rest of the world.
b. that the manufacture of toys in the U.S. is a growth industry that protects American jobs.
c. how popular protests against outsourcing have been successful at protecting American jobs.
d. how children are valued around the world.
a. the fact that goods like toys and clothing link the U.S. to the rest of the world.
b. that the manufacture of toys in the U.S. is a growth industry that protects American jobs.
c. how popular protests against outsourcing have been successful at protecting American jobs.
d. how children are valued around the world.
Since the collapse of the Soviet Union and the change in the governments of Eastern Europe, what changes have most of the second-world countries undergone?
a. They now have democratically elected governments.
b. They have moved toward a market economic system.
c. They have returned to a more agricultural type of society.
d. They have grown substantially in size.
a. They now have democratically elected governments.
b. They have moved toward a market economic system.
c. They have returned to a more agricultural type of society.
d. They have grown substantially in size.
According to modernization theory
a. economic development is dependent on technological change.
b. governments should make economic policies that, when necessary, restrict business activities and free trade.
c. poor countries really have no control over being poor.
d. poor countries will remain poor.
a. economic development is dependent on technological change.
b. governments should make economic policies that, when necessary, restrict business activities and free trade.
c. poor countries really have no control over being poor.
d. poor countries will remain poor.
Modernization theorists argue that developing countries benefit greatly when they
a. encourage government intervention in the economy to spur economic development.
b. let the natural forces of competition determine which individuals become successful and which do not.
c. colonize weaker nations on their borders.
d. stem from a single economic system.
a. encourage government intervention in the economy to spur economic development.
b. let the natural forces of competition determine which individuals become successful and which do not.
c. colonize weaker nations on their borders.
d. stem from a single economic system.
Neocolonialism, the continued control of low-income countries by wealthier nations, is maintained primarily through
a. military intervention by the industrialized powers.
b. the indebtedness of the poorer countries to wealthier nations.
c. political sanctions imposed by core countries.
d. multinational corporations
a. military intervention by the industrialized powers.
b. the indebtedness of the poorer countries to wealthier nations.
c. political sanctions imposed by core countries.
d. multinational corporations
How is environmental degradation related to global stratification?
a. The type of environmental degradation and its impact depends on the location of the country in the global stratification system.
b. The wealthiest nations are unaffected by environmental degradation.
c. The poorest nations are not developed enough to experience problems with environmental degradation.
d. Environmental degradation is not related to the global stratification.
a. The type of environmental degradation and its impact depends on the location of the country in the global stratification system.
b. The wealthiest nations are unaffected by environmental degradation.
c. The poorest nations are not developed enough to experience problems with environmental degradation.
d. Environmental degradation is not related to the global stratification.
According to the United Nations,
a. throughout the world women's poverty has been decreasing.
b. women's share of representation in governments has been decreasing, despite some gains in education.
c. women have achieved near-equity with men in terms of primary education.
d. women continue to lag behind men in education outcomes.
a. throughout the world women's poverty has been decreasing.
b. women's share of representation in governments has been decreasing, despite some gains in education.
c. women have achieved near-equity with men in terms of primary education.
d. women continue to lag behind men in education outcomes.
According to the United Nations, how does violence affect women in different countries?
a. Violence against women has become much less of a problem in the developed or industrialized world.
b. It is not possible to discuss violence cross-culturally because it is such an individualized problem.
c. Violence against women results at the societal level from gender roles and norms that tolerate violence.
d. Income is a much more important determinant than gender in regards to violence.
a. Violence against women has become much less of a problem in the developed or industrialized world.
b. It is not possible to discuss violence cross-culturally because it is such an individualized problem.
c. Violence against women results at the societal level from gender roles and norms that tolerate violence.
d. Income is a much more important determinant than gender in regards to violence.
According to the text, global stratification
a. has contributed to political instability and the threat of terrorism.
b. creates a core group of strong nations able to ensure world peace.
c. results in cooperation as countries work together to overcome poverty.
d. has undermined the military power of wealthy nations.
a. has contributed to political instability and the threat of terrorism.
b. creates a core group of strong nations able to ensure world peace.
c. results in cooperation as countries work together to overcome poverty.
d. has undermined the military power of wealthy nations.
According to the text, global stratification contributes to the threat of terrorism, particularly against the U.S.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons why this is the case?
a. Western culture is perceived as degenerate by some traditional religious leaders.
b. The consumerism of American culture is seen as threatening to the traditional way of life in some countries.
c. The sexual freedom and relative equality of Western women is seen as undermining traditional values in other countries.
d. Religious extremists do not recognize the economic dependency of poor countries on wealthy countries.
Which of the following is not one of the reasons why this is the case?
a. Western culture is perceived as degenerate by some traditional religious leaders.
b. The consumerism of American culture is seen as threatening to the traditional way of life in some countries.
c. The sexual freedom and relative equality of Western women is seen as undermining traditional values in other countries.
d. Religious extremists do not recognize the economic dependency of poor countries on wealthy countries.
How is social class related to the context of terrorism?
a. Suicide bombers are often recruited from among the poorly educated and impoverished groups in a society.
b. The leaders of terrorist movements come from the poorest classes and bear a great of resentment toward those in wealthier countries.
c. Rates of terrorism increase significantly when a country begins to develop economically.
d. The negative consequences of terrorism are experienced more dramatically by the upper class.
a. Suicide bombers are often recruited from among the poorly educated and impoverished groups in a society.
b. The leaders of terrorist movements come from the poorest classes and bear a great of resentment toward those in wealthier countries.
c. Rates of terrorism increase significantly when a country begins to develop economically.
d. The negative consequences of terrorism are experienced more dramatically by the upper class.
According to the text, what is the role of the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in world poverty?
a. They have lent money to political dissidents causing political instability.
b. They have required restructuring that limits government spending on human services in nations that have borrowed money to support their failing economies.
c. They have limited the amount of food that may be grown using funds they have lent to developing countries.
d. They have drastically reduced funding for the poorest nations.
a. They have lent money to political dissidents causing political instability.
b. They have required restructuring that limits government spending on human services in nations that have borrowed money to support their failing economies.
c. They have limited the amount of food that may be grown using funds they have lent to developing countries.
d. They have drastically reduced funding for the poorest nations.
...
. According to the text, world poverty is caused by all of the following except:
a. unstable governments unable to provide basic services.
b. economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for human services.
c. changes in the world economic system that have favored some economies over others.
d. there is not enough food grown in the world to feed everyone.
a. unstable governments unable to provide basic services.
b. economies reorganized to pay debt decreasing resources for human services.
c. changes in the world economic system that have favored some economies over others.
d. there is not enough food grown in the world to feed everyone.
The examples of India and China as newly industrializing countries are notable because they demonstrate
a. that communist countries can develop economically.
b. that countries with large populations may experience successful economic development.
c. that economic development may take place without industrialization.
d. how economies can improve without government investment.
a. that communist countries can develop economically.
b. that countries with large populations may experience successful economic development.
c. that economic development may take place without industrialization.
d. how economies can improve without government investment.
Which of the following is true about using annual per capita gross national income (per capita GNI) to measure the wealth of nations?
a. It accurately reflects what individuals actually receive in wages.
b. Per capita GNI reflects each person's share of their country's production, not wages or pay.
c. It effectively measures informal exchanges and bartering in which resources are exchanged.
d. It accurately reflects what families actually receive in wages or pay.
a. It accurately reflects what individuals actually receive in wages.
b. Per capita GNI reflects each person's share of their country's production, not wages or pay.
c. It effectively measures informal exchanges and bartering in which resources are exchanged.
d. It accurately reflects what families actually receive in wages or pay.
Which of the following is false about multinational corporations in the global economy?
a. They have contributed to the exploitation of the poor peripheral nations.
b. Multinationals' search for cheap labor has encouraged lowskilled workers to immigrate from poor to
richer nations.
c. Multinationals have created a poor and dependent workforce that is predominantly white.
d. They have contributed to racial tensions between people from different countries.
a. They have contributed to the exploitation of the poor peripheral nations.
b. Multinationals' search for cheap labor has encouraged lowskilled workers to immigrate from poor to
richer nations.
c. Multinationals have created a poor and dependent workforce that is predominantly white.
d. They have contributed to racial tensions between people from different countries.
During its early years of nationhood Brazil declared itself a "racial democracy." What was the effect of this?
a. Brazil does not have any racial problems, unlike other South American countries.
b. People continue to be stratified according to their color.
c. Separate parliaments exist for each of the several designated racial categories.
d. Most of the leaders of Brazil have been Afro-Brazilian.
a. Brazil does not have any racial problems, unlike other South American countries.
b. People continue to be stratified according to their color.
c. Separate parliaments exist for each of the several designated racial categories.
d. Most of the leaders of Brazil have been Afro-Brazilian.
Which of these is not a criticism of modernization theory presented in the text?
a. it is based on the assumption that wealthier countries like the U.S. have superior values
b. it ignores factors that are outside of the control of the poorer nations
c. it places too great an emphasis on the role of government in influencing economic development
d. it does not take into account the relationships that exist among countries
a. it is based on the assumption that wealthier countries like the U.S. have superior values
b. it ignores factors that are outside of the control of the poorer nations
c. it places too great an emphasis on the role of government in influencing economic development
d. it does not take into account the relationships that exist among countries
According to dependency theory, under colonialism European powers
a. promoted the development of their colonies as a way of increasing profits.
b. helped colonies to improve the production of their goods in order to sell them on the global market.
c. kept colonies underdeveloped to avoid competition from them.
d. fostered the political independence of colonies so they could protect colonial investment.
a. promoted the development of their colonies as a way of increasing profits.
b. helped colonies to improve the production of their goods in order to sell them on the global market.
c. kept colonies underdeveloped to avoid competition from them.
d. fostered the political independence of colonies so they could protect colonial investment.
Colonization worked best for the industrial countries when the colonies
a. were economically developed and producing their own goods for market.
b. were given substantial autonomy making social and political decisions.
c. had large educated the populations.
d. kept underdeveloped so that they would not compete with the home country.
a. were economically developed and producing their own goods for market.
b. were given substantial autonomy making social and political decisions.
c. had large educated the populations.
d. kept underdeveloped so that they would not compete with the home country.
Which of these is not generally characteristic of multinational corporations?
a. They conduct business across national borders.
b. They buy materials and manufacture goods wherever it is cheapest.
c. They have executives from each country in which they conduct business.
d. They sell their products wherever they can make the highest profits.
a. They conduct business across national borders.
b. They buy materials and manufacture goods wherever it is cheapest.
c. They have executives from each country in which they conduct business.
d. They sell their products wherever they can make the highest profits.
theory explains global inequality using the characteristics of individual nations; theory argues no country or set of countries may be understood in isolation from the others.
a. Dependency / modernization
b. World systems / modernization c. Modernization / world systems d. Modernization / dependency
a. Dependency / modernization
b. World systems / modernization c. Modernization / world systems d. Modernization / dependency
World systems theory focuses on
a. internal factors in individual countries.
b. patterns of migration and other population issues.
c. the belief that there is a world economic system that must be understood as a single unit.
d. neocolonial relationships between individual countries and their former colonizers.
a. internal factors in individual countries.
b. patterns of migration and other population issues.
c. the belief that there is a world economic system that must be understood as a single unit.
d. neocolonial relationships between individual countries and their former colonizers.
The term "transnational" refers to
a. people who immigrate to another country seeking a better life.
b. factories that are shipped to other countries where labor is cheaper.
c. individuals who divide their time between countries, or families with members in different countries.
d. refugees in camps waiting to return to their homes.
a. people who immigrate to another country seeking a better life.
b. factories that are shipped to other countries where labor is cheaper.
c. individuals who divide their time between countries, or families with members in different countries.
d. refugees in camps waiting to return to their homes.
Which of these is not a criticism of world systems theory?
a. Countries (like England) that were once the most powerful are no longer at the center of the world system.
b. Core nations may be hurt by the world system through the loss of jobs.
c. The world is no longer a set of economic interconnections between nations.
d. Not everyone in a core nation benefits from the world system.
a. Countries (like England) that were once the most powerful are no longer at the center of the world system.
b. Core nations may be hurt by the world system through the loss of jobs.
c. The world is no longer a set of economic interconnections between nations.
d. Not everyone in a core nation benefits from the world system.
Which of these statements about the world economic system is true?
a. Everyone in core countries benefits from the world system.
b. Low-wage sweat shops are found in all countries.
c. No one in peripheral countries benefit from the world system.
d. World systems theory no longer has any usefulness for understanding global inequality.
a. Everyone in core countries benefits from the world system.
b. Low-wage sweat shops are found in all countries.
c. No one in peripheral countries benefit from the world system.
d. World systems theory no longer has any usefulness for understanding global inequality.
Which of these statements best describes the relationship between population growth and economic development?
a. It is clear that large populations have a negative impact on development.
b. The relationship between population growth and development is consistent across all countries.
c. The cases of China, India, and the U.S. indicate that high birth rates do not necessarily prevent development.
d. Population size effects development, but development has no impact on population size.
a. It is clear that large populations have a negative impact on development.
b. The relationship between population growth and development is consistent across all countries.
c. The cases of China, India, and the U.S. indicate that high birth rates do not necessarily prevent development.
d. Population size effects development, but development has no impact on population size.
. Most scholars of international development believe
a. that fertility levels are affected by levels of industrialization.
b. that there is no relationship between development and population.
c. that large populations impede development.
d. that agriculture affects fertility but industrialism does not.
a. that fertility levels are affected by levels of industrialization.
b. that there is no relationship between development and population.
c. that large populations impede development.
d. that agriculture affects fertility but industrialism does not.
Which of the following statements regarding education and literacy is false?
a. In high-income nations, education is almost universal.
b. In nations people without education have little chance for success.
c. In most nations throughout the world elementary school is mandatory.
d. In low-income countries education takes place outside of formal schooling.
a. In high-income nations, education is almost universal.
b. In nations people without education have little chance for success.
c. In most nations throughout the world elementary school is mandatory.
d. In low-income countries education takes place outside of formal schooling.
Which of the following is false in regards to the status of women globally?
a. In general women's status is lower in lowincome countries than in wealthier countries.
b. Poverty is usually experienced more by men than by women.
c. The status of women globally is monitored by the United Nations.
d. Poverty among women has declined in some places around the world.
a. In general women's status is lower in lowincome countries than in wealthier countries.
b. Poverty is usually experienced more by men than by women.
c. The status of women globally is monitored by the United Nations.
d. Poverty among women has declined in some places around the world.
Which of the following is false in regards to Western influence in the Middle East?
a. Cultural influences are not connected in any way with stratification.
b. Western influence is considered degenerate by some traditional leaders.
c. Exposure to Western ways of life is a threat to traditional ways of life.
d. The influence of Western culture has been pervasive.
a. Cultural influences are not connected in any way with stratification.
b. Western influence is considered degenerate by some traditional leaders.
c. Exposure to Western ways of life is a threat to traditional ways of life.
d. The influence of Western culture has been pervasive.
Which of the following is true about the situation in Iraq and terrorism?
a. Al Qaeda leaders come from the poorer classes which is part of their resentment against the U.S.
b. Prior to the U.S. war on Iraq, Iraq had a thriving middle-class economy.
c. Terrorism is never premeditated.
d. The families of suicide bombers do not benefit from their loved ones' deaths.
a. Al Qaeda leaders come from the poorer classes which is part of their resentment against the U.S.
b. Prior to the U.S. war on Iraq, Iraq had a thriving middle-class economy.
c. Terrorism is never premeditated.
d. The families of suicide bombers do not benefit from their loved ones' deaths.
International data on poverty and hunger indicates that
a. for many it is possible to live a somewhat healthy life, even on just $1 a day.
b. there is not enough food in the world to feed the hungry.
c. the current trend is a reduction in the number of malnourished people worldwide.
d. rapid population growth is the biggest cause of poverty.
a. for many it is possible to live a somewhat healthy life, even on just $1 a day.
b. there is not enough food in the world to feed the hungry.
c. the current trend is a reduction in the number of malnourished people worldwide.
d. rapid population growth is the biggest cause of poverty.
. According to the text, increased economic globalization has
a. expanded the system of capitalism.
b. eliminated hunger in third-world countries.
c. decreased poverty throughout the world by redistributing profits of the world system to have-not countries.
d. created hospitals, roads, and other social services to improve life in underdeveloped countries.
a. expanded the system of capitalism.
b. eliminated hunger in third-world countries.
c. decreased poverty throughout the world by redistributing profits of the world system to have-not countries.
d. created hospitals, roads, and other social services to improve life in underdeveloped countries.
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