15. The Barkers live in the U.S. Which of the following is true about their child care options?
a. U.S. family leave policies cover all families
b. U.S. family leave policies cover most family expenses
c. The costs are reasonable for most families
d. U.S. family leave policies do not address ongoing needs for child care
a. U.S. family leave policies cover all families
b. U.S. family leave policies cover most family expenses
c. The costs are reasonable for most families
d. U.S. family leave policies do not address ongoing needs for child care
26. Which of the following statements is false about contemporary American families?
a. There are fewer births today than in the past.
b. The number of single-parent households has increased dramatically.
c. Childbearing occupies a smaller percentage of parents' adult lives than earlier.
d. Married-couple families have become the minority form of the family.
a. There are fewer births today than in the past.
b. The number of single-parent households has increased dramatically.
c. Childbearing occupies a smaller percentage of parents' adult lives than earlier.
d. Married-couple families have become the minority form of the family.
28. Because of the rise in divorce and remarriage, stepfamilies have become fairly common in the U.S. Despite how common stepfamilies have become,
a. there is still little institutional support for stepfamilies.
b. the number of children in stepfamilies is declining.
c. the legal status of the nonresidential parent is not well understood.
d. the percent of stepmothers remains low.
a. there is still little institutional support for stepfamilies.
b. the number of children in stepfamilies is declining.
c. the legal status of the nonresidential parent is not well understood.
d. the percent of stepmothers remains low.
29. Studies of gay and lesbian couples have found that
a. gay and lesbian partners tend to be more flexible and less gender-stereotyped in their household roles than heterosexual couples.
b. money has a strong influence on who has the most power in gay and lesbian households.
c. lesbian parents lack any type of social support.
d. children raised by gay parents are more likely to be gay themselves.
a. gay and lesbian partners tend to be more flexible and less gender-stereotyped in their household roles than heterosexual couples.
b. money has a strong influence on who has the most power in gay and lesbian households.
c. lesbian parents lack any type of social support.
d. children raised by gay parents are more likely to be gay themselves.
31. Research on cohabitation has found that
a. the likelihood of cohabitation is greatest among suburban residents.
b. couples who cohabited prior to marriage have lower levels of marital quality than couples who did not.
c. cohabiting is decreasing as younger people are returning to traditional values.
d. few cohabiting households have children.
a. the likelihood of cohabitation is greatest among suburban residents.
b. couples who cohabited prior to marriage have lower levels of marital quality than couples who did not.
c. cohabiting is decreasing as younger people are returning to traditional values.
d. few cohabiting households have children.
34. Sociological studies of patterns of family violence have found that
a. violence in lesbian and gay relationships is as common as in heterosexual relationships.
b. the most common form of child abuse is neglect.
c. most perpetrators of elder abuse are men.
d. overall, violence in the family has been declining.
a. violence in lesbian and gay relationships is as common as in heterosexual relationships.
b. the most common form of child abuse is neglect.
c. most perpetrators of elder abuse are men.
d. overall, violence in the family has been declining.
38. In the U.S., social factors are correlated with religious identification. For example,
a. older people are more likely than younger people to express no religious preference.
b. those in higher income brackets are most likely to identify as Jewish or Catholic than those in the lower income brackets.
c. fundamentalist Protestants are most like to have the highest incomes.
d. Asian-Americans are the most likely racial-ethnic group to say that religion is very important in their lives.
a. older people are more likely than younger people to express no religious preference.
b. those in higher income brackets are most likely to identify as Jewish or Catholic than those in the lower income brackets.
c. fundamentalist Protestants are most like to have the highest incomes.
d. Asian-Americans are the most likely racial-ethnic group to say that religion is very important in their lives.
40. Which of the following is not part of the sociological definition of family?
a. a social unit of those related through marriage, ancestry or adoption
b. a group who are committed to maintaining the group over time
c. a social unit related by blood and bound together by love
d. a group who engage in economic cooperation
a. a social unit of those related through marriage, ancestry or adoption
b. a group who are committed to maintaining the group over time
c. a social unit related by blood and bound together by love
d. a group who engage in economic cooperation
45. What is the general pattern for marriage within the U.S.?
a. Marriages are across social classes as often as within the same social class.
b. Most people marry someone who shares similar social characteristics.
c. Americans marry without regard to race or class.
d. People in the U.S. tend to marry people whom they think will help them achieve a higher social class.
a. Marriages are across social classes as often as within the same social class.
b. Most people marry someone who shares similar social characteristics.
c. Americans marry without regard to race or class.
d. People in the U.S. tend to marry people whom they think will help them achieve a higher social class.
46. Which of these is the best definition of extended family?
a. a network of parents, children and other relatives who form a family unit
b. a set of relatives who live together in the same residence
c. a group of people who are related to each other by "blood" or ancestry
d. grandparents, parents, and children of the same lineage
a. a network of parents, children and other relatives who form a family unit
b. a set of relatives who live together in the same residence
c. a group of people who are related to each other by "blood" or ancestry
d. grandparents, parents, and children of the same lineage
47. Prior to industrialization,
a. the nuclear family was the cultural ideal in the U.S.
b. the household was the center for production and distribution of goods.
c. men were responsible for economic life and women were responsible for domestic life.
d. men worked in wage labor outside the home, and women and children labored at home.
a. the nuclear family was the cultural ideal in the U.S.
b. the household was the center for production and distribution of goods.
c. men were responsible for economic life and women were responsible for domestic life.
d. men worked in wage labor outside the home, and women and children labored at home.
48. What impact did industrialism have on the family in the U.S.?
a. it brought more production work into the household
b. it created an economy based on cash instead of domestic production
c. small family businesses took the place of production for household use only
d. women were able to earn as much or more than men for the first time
a. it brought more production work into the household
b. it created an economy based on cash instead of domestic production
c. small family businesses took the place of production for household use only
d. women were able to earn as much or more than men for the first time
49. The family wage system
a. paid men more than women based on the assumption that they were the breadwinner.
b. was based on the assumption that all members of the family would need to work in wage labor.
c. forced all women to begin to work outside of the home.
d. made families more self-sufficient.
a. paid men more than women based on the assumption that they were the breadwinner.
b. was based on the assumption that all members of the family would need to work in wage labor.
c. forced all women to begin to work outside of the home.
d. made families more self-sufficient.
50. Historically, family structure in the U.S.
a. has been essentially the same for all social classes and racial-ethnic groups.
b. has remained strongly nuclear, despite varying social conditions for different groups.
c. has been shaped by slavery, migration, poverty, and laws that impeded family formation.
d. has been unaffected by public policies.
a. has been essentially the same for all social classes and racial-ethnic groups.
b. has remained strongly nuclear, despite varying social conditions for different groups.
c. has been shaped by slavery, migration, poverty, and laws that impeded family formation.
d. has been unaffected by public policies.
60. Sociologists have found that most of the problems faced by households headed by women are primarily the result of
a. the absence of male authority figures.
b. the threat of poverty that is connected with being a single mother.
c. the psychological pressure of heading a household.
d. excess media attention that creates the perception of a problem.
a. the absence of male authority figures.
b. the threat of poverty that is connected with being a single mother.
c. the psychological pressure of heading a household.
d. excess media attention that creates the perception of a problem.
61. As a consequence of women's greater labor force participation
a. families are taking more time for "quality family time" than ever before.
b. families are experiencing a significant increase in the pace of life.
c. families are finding they do not need men's income and they have more flexibility.
d. families have become increasingly affluent.
a. families are taking more time for "quality family time" than ever before.
b. families are experiencing a significant increase in the pace of life.
c. families are finding they do not need men's income and they have more flexibility.
d. families have become increasingly affluent.
62. Regarding commuter marriages the text notes that
a. commuter marriages are among the most affluent types of families.
b. transportation costs have resulted in a significant decrease in commuter marriages.
c. many poor and working class couples have commuter marriages that do not fit the common stereotype of the commuting professional couple.
d. despite the stereotype, this type of marriage is still very rare.
a. commuter marriages are among the most affluent types of families.
b. transportation costs have resulted in a significant decrease in commuter marriages.
c. many poor and working class couples have commuter marriages that do not fit the common stereotype of the commuting professional couple.
d. despite the stereotype, this type of marriage is still very rare.
63. Research on children in gay and lesbian households has found that
a. children of gay and lesbian parents are more likely to be gay or lesbian than the children of heterosexual parents.
b. children of gay and lesbian parents are far greater psychological problems than the children of heterosexual parents.
c. there is very little difference in outcomes for the children of gay and lesbians and the children of heterosexuals.
d. children of gays and lesbians tend to hold very stereotypical ideas about gender norms.
a. children of gay and lesbian parents are more likely to be gay or lesbian than the children of heterosexual parents.
b. children of gay and lesbian parents are far greater psychological problems than the children of heterosexual parents.
c. there is very little difference in outcomes for the children of gay and lesbians and the children of heterosexuals.
d. children of gays and lesbians tend to hold very stereotypical ideas about gender norms.
66. The boomerang generation refers to people between the ages of eighteen and twenty-four who
a. return home to live with their parents.
b. enter college for a few years, then drop out, and re-enter.
c. hook up and break up with the same person multiple times.
d. marry and divorce before the age of 25.
a. return home to live with their parents.
b. enter college for a few years, then drop out, and re-enter.
c. hook up and break up with the same person multiple times.
d. marry and divorce before the age of 25.
68. Sociological research on the division of labor within married couple households indicates that
a. the allocation of housework is greatly influenced by men's and women's experiences in their families of origin.
b. Latino men rarely get involved in domestic tasks.
c. young professional couples are the most egalitarian.
d. African American men and White men are equally likely to participate in housework.
a. the allocation of housework is greatly influenced by men's and women's experiences in their families of origin.
b. Latino men rarely get involved in domestic tasks.
c. young professional couples are the most egalitarian.
d. African American men and White men are equally likely to participate in housework.
70. Demographic changes have increased the likelihood of divorce in the U.S. the primary example of this is
a. the aging of the U.S. population which results in later age at first marriage.
b. longer life expectancy which increases the length of many marriages beyond what they would have been in the past.
c. the decreasing number of children that forces couples to focus more on each other.
d. the skewed sex ratio that gives women many more choices for potential partners.
a. the aging of the U.S. population which results in later age at first marriage.
b. longer life expectancy which increases the length of many marriages beyond what they would have been in the past.
c. the decreasing number of children that forces couples to focus more on each other.
d. the skewed sex ratio that gives women many more choices for potential partners.
71. Mothers in transnational families
a. in general spend as much time with their children as other mothers.
b. generally are able to take their children with them from place to place.
c. have expanded their definition of motherhood to include breadwinning.
d. earn less than had they stayed in their native countries.
a. in general spend as much time with their children as other mothers.
b. generally are able to take their children with them from place to place.
c. have expanded their definition of motherhood to include breadwinning.
d. earn less than had they stayed in their native countries.
77. Which of these statements does not describe one of the functions of religion?
a. Religion establishes norms for behavior.
b. Religion establishes moral proscriptions for behavior.
c. Religion serves to preserve diversity and cultural relativism.
d. Religion provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning.
a. Religion establishes norms for behavior.
b. Religion establishes moral proscriptions for behavior.
c. Religion serves to preserve diversity and cultural relativism.
d. Religion provides answers to questions of ultimate meaning.
80. What is the relationship between Christianity and governance within the U.S.?
a. The U.S. effectively separates all religion from government.
b. In the U.S. Christianity is often treated as if it is the national religion.
c. The U.S. incorporates holidays and rituals of all faiths equally into its public observances.
d. The government of the U.S. prohibits religions other than Christianity.
a. The U.S. effectively separates all religion from government.
b. In the U.S. Christianity is often treated as if it is the national religion.
c. The U.S. incorporates holidays and rituals of all faiths equally into its public observances.
d. The government of the U.S. prohibits religions other than Christianity.
86. Emile Durkheim argued that religion is
a. functional for society because it reaffirms the social bonds that people have with each other.
b. a distinct threat to social cohesion.
c. a tool for class oppression.
d. an institution that exists in direct opposition to the other institutions that exist in society.
a. functional for society because it reaffirms the social bonds that people have with each other.
b. a distinct threat to social cohesion.
c. a tool for class oppression.
d. an institution that exists in direct opposition to the other institutions that exist in society.
91. Weber's analysis of the Protestant ethic demonstrates
a. that religious beliefs are able to shape even secular dimensions of national culture.
b. the matriarchal nature of Protestantism.
c. the weaknesses of Emile Durkheim's views on the functions of religion.
d. that religion does serve as a type of drug for people who are disadvantaged in life.
a. that religious beliefs are able to shape even secular dimensions of national culture.
b. the matriarchal nature of Protestantism.
c. the weaknesses of Emile Durkheim's views on the functions of religion.
d. that religion does serve as a type of drug for people who are disadvantaged in life.
98. Research studies about the religiosity of Asian Americans indicate that
a. religious practice and belief among Asian Americans frequently changes between generations.
b. the youngest generation currently worships more intensely than their parents and grandparents did.
c. assimilation has had little effect on religious beliefs.
d. traditional Hindu and Confucian practices have all but disappeared among Asian Americans.
a. religious practice and belief among Asian Americans frequently changes between generations.
b. the youngest generation currently worships more intensely than their parents and grandparents did.
c. assimilation has had little effect on religious beliefs.
d. traditional Hindu and Confucian practices have all but disappeared among Asian Americans.
102. Research indicates that faith-based organizations
a. enhance the participation of traditionally disadvantaged groups in the democratic process.
b. violate the principle of separation of church and state.
c. serve to make government more fundamentalist Christian.
d. have had no significant influence on public life in the U.S.
a. enhance the participation of traditionally disadvantaged groups in the democratic process.
b. violate the principle of separation of church and state.
c. serve to make government more fundamentalist Christian.
d. have had no significant influence on public life in the U.S.
103. What is the role of religion in the process of social change?
a. religion may be oppressive, but not liberating
b. religion may be liberating, but not oppressive
c. religion may have a conservative influence, but may also be liberating
d. there is no connection between religion and social change.
a. religion may be oppressive, but not liberating
b. religion may be liberating, but not oppressive
c. religion may have a conservative influence, but may also be liberating
d. there is no connection between religion and social change.
4. Which of the following is true regarding graduation rates?
a. Since 1940, Hispanic students have had the highest graduation rates.
b. Since 1940, White students have had the highest graduation rates.
c. Since 1940, Black students have had the highest graduation rates.
d. Since 1940, Hispanic, White, and Black students have had equal graduation rates.
a. Since 1940, Hispanic students have had the highest graduation rates.
b. Since 1940, White students have had the highest graduation rates.
c. Since 1940, Black students have had the highest graduation rates.
d. Since 1940, Hispanic, White, and Black students have had equal graduation rates.
9. Which of the following conclusions is accurate regarding social mobility and education?
a. Education is the strongest predictor of social mobility.
b. Education is unrelated to social mobility.
c. Education is related to some social mobility.
d. Education is related to social mobility for those in the middle class only.
a. Education is the strongest predictor of social mobility.
b. Education is unrelated to social mobility.
c. Education is related to some social mobility.
d. Education is related to social mobility for those in the middle class only.
13. According to Herrnstein and Murray's The Bell Curve,
a. the distribution of intelligence closely approximates a normal distribution.
b. the majority of intelligence is environmental.
c. family background has almost no influence in predicting intelligence.
d. genetics and environment play equal roles in determining intelligence.
a. the distribution of intelligence closely approximates a normal distribution.
b. the majority of intelligence is environmental.
c. family background has almost no influence in predicting intelligence.
d. genetics and environment play equal roles in determining intelligence.
14. Research on tracking has found all of the following, except:
a. students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.
b. even students with the same test scores are put into different tracks according to their race and social class.
c. less is expected of lower track students and so their academic performance is lower.
d. detracking penalizes high achieving students.
a. students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.
b. even students with the same test scores are put into different tracks according to their race and social class.
c. less is expected of lower track students and so their academic performance is lower.
d. detracking penalizes high achieving students.
26. The Affordable Health Care for America Act of 2010 does all of the following, except:
a. require all people to purchase a health insurance plan.
b. prohibit insurers from rejecting customers based on preexisting conditions.
c. provide free health coverage for all children under the age of 18.
d. require employers to provide health insurance for employees.
a. require all people to purchase a health insurance plan.
b. prohibit insurers from rejecting customers based on preexisting conditions.
c. provide free health coverage for all children under the age of 18.
d. require employers to provide health insurance for employees.
28. In the U.S., one's SAT score may be used is a "proxy" measure of one's social class. What does this mean?
a. The SAT score is a more realistic measure of social class than income or education.
b. SAT scores are the best predictors of how well a student will do in college.
c. Family income is strongly correlated with scores on the SAT exam.
d. SAT scores are more related to race than income.
a. The SAT score is a more realistic measure of social class than income or education.
b. SAT scores are the best predictors of how well a student will do in college.
c. Family income is strongly correlated with scores on the SAT exam.
d. SAT scores are more related to race than income.
29. Which of the following is not a consistent outcome of SAT scores?
a. on average, women of any ethnic group score lower than men of that group on the quantitative portion of the exam.
b. African Americans, Latinos, and American Indians score, on average, lower than Whites.
c. Asian Americans, as a group, have recently scored higher than Whites on the quantitative portion of the exam.
d. Historically, racial minorities have scored higher than Whites.
a. on average, women of any ethnic group score lower than men of that group on the quantitative portion of the exam.
b. African Americans, Latinos, and American Indians score, on average, lower than Whites.
c. Asian Americans, as a group, have recently scored higher than Whites on the quantitative portion of the exam.
d. Historically, racial minorities have scored higher than Whites.
30. What do England's Eleven Plus test, the German test called Arbitur, and the U.S. SAT standardized test have in common?
a. The results of all three exams have a similar impact on directing the futures of the young people who take them.
b. Students from all social classes achieve equally well on these types of tests.
c. They have all been discontinued having been found to be too discriminatory.
d. They are all the main method for predicting future occupation.
a. The results of all three exams have a similar impact on directing the futures of the young people who take them.
b. Students from all social classes achieve equally well on these types of tests.
c. They have all been discontinued having been found to be too discriminatory.
d. They are all the main method for predicting future occupation.
32. When the SAT was first introduced in the late 1940s, it was supposed to be an objective predictor of academic ability. How well does the SAT predict future achievement?
a. High school grades are much better at predicting future performance than results of the SAT.
b. The SAT has proved to be a good predictor of future academic achievement.
c. Results of the SAT are a better reflection of class and social environment than academic ability.
d. The SAT, while not perfect, is much more accurate and objective than high school grades as a predictor of future achievement.
a. High school grades are much better at predicting future performance than results of the SAT.
b. The SAT has proved to be a good predictor of future academic achievement.
c. Results of the SAT are a better reflection of class and social environment than academic ability.
d. The SAT, while not perfect, is much more accurate and objective than high school grades as a predictor of future achievement.
34. The research that The Bell Curve by Hernstein and Murray was based on is considered flawed by many because
a. the studied included only fraternal twins, not identical twins.
b. twins raised in similar social environments were more similar than those raised in very different social environments.
c. the twins that were studied were too diverse in terms of sex and racial or ethnic background.
d. only White, middle-class twins were studied.
a. the studied included only fraternal twins, not identical twins.
b. twins raised in similar social environments were more similar than those raised in very different social environments.
c. the twins that were studied were too diverse in terms of sex and racial or ethnic background.
d. only White, middle-class twins were studied.
35. When germ theory first became established as the foundation of medicine,
a. there were still no American physicians.
b. the practice of medicine was transformed into a science.
c. more people could help prevent illness so doctors become less important.
d. the American Medical Association took credit.
a. there were still no American physicians.
b. the practice of medicine was transformed into a science.
c. more people could help prevent illness so doctors become less important.
d. the American Medical Association took credit.
40. Which of these is not a problem within the U.S. health care system, as discussed by the text?
a. unequal distribution of health care by race/ethnicity, social class, or gender
b. unequal distribution of health care by geographic region
c. inadequate health education of inner-city and rural parents
d. inadequate health care for the elderly
a. unequal distribution of health care by race/ethnicity, social class, or gender
b. unequal distribution of health care by geographic region
c. inadequate health education of inner-city and rural parents
d. inadequate health care for the elderly
41. Increasing diversity in society creates new challenges for the health care system. The text notes that immigrants to the U.S.
a. are generally treated better than native born Americans.
b. tend to feel most satisfied with their health care when their physician is White.
c. experience social distance from health care providers that makes them reluctant to seek care.
d. seek out medical professionals from their home countries.
a. are generally treated better than native born Americans.
b. tend to feel most satisfied with their health care when their physician is White.
c. experience social distance from health care providers that makes them reluctant to seek care.
d. seek out medical professionals from their home countries.
42. Research on the relationship of social class to health care finds that
a. people with lower incomes do not generally rate their health as excellent.
b. those in lower social classes have rates of infant mortality and stillbirths roughly equal to those of upper- class people.
c. lower income people are less likely to smoke than upper-class people.
d. those using Medicaid are healthier than those not using Medicaid.
a. people with lower incomes do not generally rate their health as excellent.
b. those in lower social classes have rates of infant mortality and stillbirths roughly equal to those of upper- class people.
c. lower income people are less likely to smoke than upper-class people.
d. those using Medicaid are healthier than those not using Medicaid.
43. Comparing the health status of high income people and lower income people is used by the text to demonstrate that
a. illness and disease may strike anyone from any particular social class.
b. the effects of social class are less dramatic in the area of health than in other areas.
c. social circumstances have an effect on health.
d. poor people do not care about taking care of themselves.
a. illness and disease may strike anyone from any particular social class.
b. the effects of social class are less dramatic in the area of health than in other areas.
c. social circumstances have an effect on health.
d. poor people do not care about taking care of themselves.
47. High school and college graduation rates are not the same for all racial-ethnic groups. In fact,
a. Blacks have the lowest graduation rates compared with Whites and Hispanics.
b. Hispanics have the lowest graduation rates, compared with Whites and Blacks.
c. Hispanics have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
d. Blacks have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
a. Blacks have the lowest graduation rates compared with Whites and Hispanics.
b. Hispanics have the lowest graduation rates, compared with Whites and Blacks.
c. Hispanics have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
d. Blacks have graduation rates that are equal to those of Whites.
49. The four types of education in the U.S. are parochial, public, private and home schooling. How does home schooling compare with other forms of education?
a. Ninety-five percent of the elementary aged children who were home schooled in 2000 were White.
b. Almost all home-schooled children are Catholic and Mormon.
c. Children who are home-schooled score lower on standardized subject tests than children from public schools.
d. Lower income students tend to be home-schooled more than upper-income students.
a. Ninety-five percent of the elementary aged children who were home schooled in 2000 were White.
b. Almost all home-schooled children are Catholic and Mormon.
c. Children who are home-schooled score lower on standardized subject tests than children from public schools.
d. Lower income students tend to be home-schooled more than upper-income students.
57. The teacher expectancy effect occurs independently of a student's actual ability. What explains this effect?
a. the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy
b. teachers' greater ability than testing to predict academic success
c. the type of students the teacher has
d. the economic environment of the school district
a. the concept of self-fulfilling prophecy
b. teachers' greater ability than testing to predict academic success
c. the type of students the teacher has
d. the economic environment of the school district
61. What is the relationship between formal education and occupational status?
a. There is none; many people are "selftaught" and work their way up the corporate ladder.
b. The higher one's occupational status, the greater the likelihood that person has a great deal of formal education.
c. Many years of formal education virtually guarantees one will have a high prestige job.
d. Many high prestige jobs require little formal education.
a. There is none; many people are "selftaught" and work their way up the corporate ladder.
b. The higher one's occupational status, the greater the likelihood that person has a great deal of formal education.
c. Many years of formal education virtually guarantees one will have a high prestige job.
d. Many high prestige jobs require little formal education.
62. What is the relationship between income, gender, and education?
a. At every level of education the average income of men is higher than the average income of women.
b. When a woman has more education than a man she can be expected to earn more than he does.
c. Women with a bachelor's degree consistently earn more than men with only a high school diploma.
d. There is no relationship between income, gender, and education.
a. At every level of education the average income of men is higher than the average income of women.
b. When a woman has more education than a man she can be expected to earn more than he does.
c. Women with a bachelor's degree consistently earn more than men with only a high school diploma.
d. There is no relationship between income, gender, and education.
63. Sociological research on the effect of education on occupation and income has found that
a. for all groups, getting an education makes it possible for one to move into the upper classes.
b. public education has ensured that people from all social classes have an equal chance of achieving higher incomes.
c. for middleclass Whites, education improves one's chance of getting a middleclass job, but entering the upper class is unlikely.
d. scholarships have enabled working class students to attend elite schools in large number, significantly improving their chances of securing elite positions.
a. for all groups, getting an education makes it possible for one to move into the upper classes.
b. public education has ensured that people from all social classes have an equal chance of achieving higher incomes.
c. for middleclass Whites, education improves one's chance of getting a middleclass job, but entering the upper class is unlikely.
d. scholarships have enabled working class students to attend elite schools in large number, significantly improving their chances of securing elite positions.
65. How are occupation, class, and education related?
a. One's social class is heavily influenced by level of formal education.
b. One's occupation is heavily influenced by social class background and formal education.
c. Elite boarding schools that prepare students for elite occupations are attended by members of all social classes in equal proportions.
d. Education provides upward social mobility for all, regardless of class.
a. One's social class is heavily influenced by level of formal education.
b. One's occupation is heavily influenced by social class background and formal education.
c. Elite boarding schools that prepare students for elite occupations are attended by members of all social classes in equal proportions.
d. Education provides upward social mobility for all, regardless of class.
66. What is the relationship between educational test scores (e.g. SAT and ACT) and social class?
a. There is no relationship between educational test scores and income.
b. As average family income goes up, so do SAT scores.
c. SAT scores are unpredictable, regardless of parents' social class and income.
d. Social class does not have much effect on SAT and ACT scores.
a. There is no relationship between educational test scores and income.
b. As average family income goes up, so do SAT scores.
c. SAT scores are unpredictable, regardless of parents' social class and income.
d. Social class does not have much effect on SAT and ACT scores.
67. An overall assessment of the impact of compulsory education in the U.S. since inception in the 19th century would be that it
a. deepened inequality between African Americans, Latinos and Whites.
b. increased the amount of inequality between men and women.
c. has equalized circumstances for women, and members of all groups in society.
d. has reduced many inequalities in society.
a. deepened inequality between African Americans, Latinos and Whites.
b. increased the amount of inequality between men and women.
c. has equalized circumstances for women, and members of all groups in society.
d. has reduced many inequalities in society.
69. A major criticism of standardized ability tests is of what they consider "standardized" knowledge. In fact, research indicates that they
a. predict future school performance for African Americans better than for Whites.
b. predict future school performance for women better than for men.
c. predict future school performance for White males better than for others.
d. are not able to predict future school performance for people with any particular social trait.
a. predict future school performance for African Americans better than for Whites.
b. predict future school performance for women better than for men.
c. predict future school performance for White males better than for others.
d. are not able to predict future school performance for people with any particular social trait.
72. Which of the following is most true about a college student entering a college today?
a. They come from high schools that are less segregated than in 1980s.
b. They come from high schools that are more segregated than in the 1980s.
c. They come from high schools that have mixed classes.
d. They come from schools where busing continues to integrate students.
a. They come from high schools that are less segregated than in 1980s.
b. They come from high schools that are more segregated than in the 1980s.
c. They come from high schools that have mixed classes.
d. They come from schools where busing continues to integrate students.
73. Which of the following is not a criticism of using standardized testing to measure cognitive ability?
a. The tests measure ability in too many different areas, such as creativity and musical ability.
b. The tests have at least some degree of cultural and gender bias.
c. The SATs do not predict school performance very well.
d. Only a limited range of abilities is measured by the tests.
a. The tests measure ability in too many different areas, such as creativity and musical ability.
b. The tests have at least some degree of cultural and gender bias.
c. The SATs do not predict school performance very well.
d. Only a limited range of abilities is measured by the tests.
74. Natural differences in ability between people do exist. The general pattern is that differences in natural ability exist
a. between racial-ethnic groups.
b. between men and women.
c. among the members of any particular group; they are not connected with group membership.
d. between the U.S. population and other industrialized countries.
a. between racial-ethnic groups.
b. between men and women.
c. among the members of any particular group; they are not connected with group membership.
d. between the U.S. population and other industrialized countries.
77. Critics of tracking argue that
a. students in the higher tracks do not learn as much as others.
b. the tracks are not properly divided; there should be different categories used.
c. the lower track students get most of the teachers' attention.
d. the students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.
a. students in the higher tracks do not learn as much as others.
b. the tracks are not properly divided; there should be different categories used.
c. the lower track students get most of the teachers' attention.
d. the students in the lower tracks learn less because they are taught less.
78. According to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) what has been the impact of the No Child Left Behind legislation?
a. Although a gap in achievement scores still exists between students of color and White students, the gap has decreased some.
b. A gap between the achievement scores of students of color and White students not only still exists, but has gotten wider.
c. The gap in achievement scores for students of color and White students in secondary school has virtually disappeared.
d. There has been no change in relative achievement scores for more than 10 years.
a. Although a gap in achievement scores still exists between students of color and White students, the gap has decreased some.
b. A gap between the achievement scores of students of color and White students not only still exists, but has gotten wider.
c. The gap in achievement scores for students of color and White students in secondary school has virtually disappeared.
d. There has been no change in relative achievement scores for more than 10 years.
81. When the American Medical Association was established in 1847,
a. women who worked as midwives were some of the first members.
b. it competed with several other organizations to influence medicine in the U.S.
c. the organization worked to outlaw or delegitimize any alternative therapies.
d. it influence on medicine in the U.S. was minimal.
a. women who worked as midwives were some of the first members.
b. it competed with several other organizations to influence medicine in the U.S.
c. the organization worked to outlaw or delegitimize any alternative therapies.
d. it influence on medicine in the U.S. was minimal.
83. As medicine became a profession in the late 19th century, it also developed into a stratified system. How was medicine stratified in terms of race and class?
a. Only white women of all classes were taken seriously as physicians.
b. Folk medicine, including midwifery, became identified with rural and lower social classes.
c. Black men were recruited to be trained as physicians to serve in rural areas.
d. Attending medical school was widely used by men of all classes to raise their social status.
a. Only white women of all classes were taken seriously as physicians.
b. Folk medicine, including midwifery, became identified with rural and lower social classes.
c. Black men were recruited to be trained as physicians to serve in rural areas.
d. Attending medical school was widely used by men of all classes to raise their social status.
86. Sociologists believe that the most important factor in reducing the incidence of AIDS is
a. new drug protocols for treatment.
b. understanding the social networks and social norms for transmission of the disease.
c. a great deal more funding for health care clinics worldwide.
d. education for protection against the disease.
a. new drug protocols for treatment.
b. understanding the social networks and social norms for transmission of the disease.
c. a great deal more funding for health care clinics worldwide.
d. education for protection against the disease.
96. The relationship between health care providers and patients, for example the patronizing use of "we" by some nurses, and calling patients by their first names, is most likely to be studied by the _______ perspective.
a. functionalist
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interactionist
d. social control
a. functionalist
b. conflict theory
c. symbolic interactionist
d. social control
97. Symbolic interactionists who have studied the meanings conveyed during interaction between health care providers and the poor have found that
a. the poor are more likely to be given careful, accurate health care information.
b. the poor are treated as if they should be happy with whatever care they get.
c. relationships between health care workers and the poor are more positive than those with higher income patients.
d. the poor have more options than middle-income people about where to go for care.
a. the poor are more likely to be given careful, accurate health care information.
b. the poor are treated as if they should be happy with whatever care they get.
c. relationships between health care workers and the poor are more positive than those with higher income patients.
d. the poor have more options than middle-income people about where to go for care.
98. Immunization against childhood diseases is widely taken for granted. In reality, how is immunization distributed throughout the U.S.?
a. Many inner city and rural residents are suspicious of or don't understand the importance of immunizations for children.
b. Government health care programs have been particularly effective in reaching children in urban areas.
c. Special attention is always given to the Appalachian region of the U.S. where a larger percentage of children are vaccinated than in other parts of the country.
d. Childhood immunizations are the one type of health care service that is not extremely stratified in terms of its distribution.
a. Many inner city and rural residents are suspicious of or don't understand the importance of immunizations for children.
b. Government health care programs have been particularly effective in reaching children in urban areas.
c. Special attention is always given to the Appalachian region of the U.S. where a larger percentage of children are vaccinated than in other parts of the country.
d. Childhood immunizations are the one type of health care service that is not extremely stratified in terms of its distribution.
99. How is access to health care in the U.S. distributed throughout the population?
a. Health care is more available in urban and suburban areas than in rural areas.
b. Native American reservations have more health clinics for the population than most other areas of the country.
c. Women are seen as needing more help and receive far more attention than men.
d. Health care is one thing that members of minority groups and Whites have fairly equal access to.
a. Health care is more available in urban and suburban areas than in rural areas.
b. Native American reservations have more health clinics for the population than most other areas of the country.
c. Women are seen as needing more help and receive far more attention than men.
d. Health care is one thing that members of minority groups and Whites have fairly equal access to.
102. Research on gender and health finds that
a. older women are more likely than older men to suffer from stress, hypertension and chronic illness.
b. as women age, health status improves so they are less likely to contract disease.
c. men and women now have about the same average life expectancy.
d. throughout their life span men are more likely to be overweight than women.
a. older women are more likely than older men to suffer from stress, hypertension and chronic illness.
b. as women age, health status improves so they are less likely to contract disease.
c. men and women now have about the same average life expectancy.
d. throughout their life span men are more likely to be overweight than women.
103. Social conditions have a significant effect on health. In fact,
a. male occupational roles put them at greater risk than women of infectious disease.
b. perceived discrimination against oneself is related to psychological and physical health.
c. housewives have higher rates of illness than women who work outside the home.
d. All of these choices are true.
a. male occupational roles put them at greater risk than women of infectious disease.
b. perceived discrimination against oneself is related to psychological and physical health.
c. housewives have higher rates of illness than women who work outside the home.
d. All of these choices are true.
105. Comparing the health care system of the U.S. with those of other industrialized countries, the text notes that
a. the U.S. spends more money and coverage is less comprehensive than in other industrialized countries.
b. the U.S. has the indisputably best health care delivery system among industrialized countries.
c. it is not possible to provide health coverage for the majority of the population for less than 13% of the gross domestic product.
d. the U.S. leads in cost-efficient management of health care.
a. the U.S. spends more money and coverage is less comprehensive than in other industrialized countries.
b. the U.S. has the indisputably best health care delivery system among industrialized countries.
c. it is not possible to provide health coverage for the majority of the population for less than 13% of the gross domestic product.
d. the U.S. leads in cost-efficient management of health care.
14. The subsequent demonstrations that broke out following those in Tunisia serve to illustrate:
a. that there is a cyclical nature to the state.
b. a network of interdependence of nations.
c. that student demonstrations are more devastating than other demonstrations.
d. that the European Union is not defined as a state.
a. that there is a cyclical nature to the state.
b. a network of interdependence of nations.
c. that student demonstrations are more devastating than other demonstrations.
d. that the European Union is not defined as a state.
17. The pluralist model of power interprets social order as:
a. the result of the equilibrium created by multiple groups balancing their interests.
b. coming from the interlocking directorate created by the linkages among those few people who control institutions.
c. the result of administrative systems that work to maintain the status quo.
d. resulting from the patriarchal control that men have over social institutions.
a. the result of the equilibrium created by multiple groups balancing their interests.
b. coming from the interlocking directorate created by the linkages among those few people who control institutions.
c. the result of administrative systems that work to maintain the status quo.
d. resulting from the patriarchal control that men have over social institutions.
21. According to feminist theory, social conflict is interpreted as:
a. the competition between diverse groups that mobilize to promote their interests.
b. stemming from the domination of elites over less powerful groups.
c. developing between states, as each vies to uphold its own interests.
d. resulting from the power men have over women.
a. the competition between diverse groups that mobilize to promote their interests.
b. stemming from the domination of elites over less powerful groups.
c. developing between states, as each vies to uphold its own interests.
d. resulting from the power men have over women.
25. Sociological research on the Tea Party finds _______ .
a. they tend to be more egalitarian than other people
b. they tend to be less likely to vote than the rest of the population
c. they tend to be critical of the very top economic leaders in the nation
d. they tend to more authoritarian than the general public
a. they tend to be more egalitarian than other people
b. they tend to be less likely to vote than the rest of the population
c. they tend to be critical of the very top economic leaders in the nation
d. they tend to more authoritarian than the general public
26. If a sociology student wants to study the military, s/he will first find that _______ .
a. the military is divided by ranks that do not have clear definitions.
b. there are few divisions of rank in the military
c. the military has clear-defined ranks with rights and responsibilities
d. the military allows a lot of personal freedom
a. the military is divided by ranks that do not have clear definitions.
b. there are few divisions of rank in the military
c. the military has clear-defined ranks with rights and responsibilities
d. the military allows a lot of personal freedom
31. Which of these is a change resulting from the economic restructuring of the workplace?
a. The percentage of workers who are White women and people of color has declined.
b. The number of people over the age of fifty-five is increasing.
c. The employment opportunities in the service industry are declining.
d. the manufacturing economy is growing.
a. The percentage of workers who are White women and people of color has declined.
b. The number of people over the age of fifty-five is increasing.
c. The employment opportunities in the service industry are declining.
d. the manufacturing economy is growing.
35. A comparison of unemployment rates among various groups indicates that
a. Whites are hardest hit by economic restructuring.
b. unemployment among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican Americans are currently at a level associated with a major economic depression.
c. globalization and the move to a service economy have really benefited minority workers in terms of opportunity and wages.
d. African American men are more likely to be underemployed than unemployed.
a. Whites are hardest hit by economic restructuring.
b. unemployment among African Americans, Puerto Ricans, and Mexican Americans are currently at a level associated with a major economic depression.
c. globalization and the move to a service economy have really benefited minority workers in terms of opportunity and wages.
d. African American men are more likely to be underemployed than unemployed.
37. The Americans with Disabilities Act, adopted by Congress in 1990, does all of the following, except
a. requires employers to provide "reasonable accommodation" on the job.
b. prohibits discrimination against disabled people in employment.
c. applies to state and local governments.
d. requires equal pay among all workers.
a. requires employers to provide "reasonable accommodation" on the job.
b. prohibits discrimination against disabled people in employment.
c. applies to state and local governments.
d. requires equal pay among all workers.
40. The 2008 U.S. Presidential election was unusual in terms of voter turnout. In which of the following ways did the 2008 voter turnout not differ from other elections?
a. The 2008 had the highest turnout of youth voters there has ever been.
b. The younger voters in the 2008 were far more racially diverse than older voters have been in any previous election.
c. The percentage of African American voters nearly matched that of White voters in 2008.
d. The less educated had higher voter turnout rates than previous elections.
a. The 2008 had the highest turnout of youth voters there has ever been.
b. The younger voters in the 2008 were far more racially diverse than older voters have been in any previous election.
c. The percentage of African American voters nearly matched that of White voters in 2008.
d. The less educated had higher voter turnout rates than previous elections.
41. According to the text, why are women and racial-ethnic minority group members underrepresented in national government?
a. There is no evidence that voters would vote for a woman or member of a minority group.
b. They are disadvantaged by the power of incumbents who are generally White men.
c. There is a lack of interest among women and members of racial-ethnic minority groups in running for national offices.
d. The patriarchal nature of government is pervasive.
a. There is no evidence that voters would vote for a woman or member of a minority group.
b. They are disadvantaged by the power of incumbents who are generally White men.
c. There is a lack of interest among women and members of racial-ethnic minority groups in running for national offices.
d. The patriarchal nature of government is pervasive.
42. Which of these statements about the U.S. military as a social institution is false?
a. The U.S. military is the single largest employer in the country.
b. The function of the military is to protect the country from both external and internal threats.
c. The U.S. military is one of the most hierarchically structured social institutions.
d. The division of labor within the military is unclear.
a. The U.S. military is the single largest employer in the country.
b. The function of the military is to protect the country from both external and internal threats.
c. The U.S. military is one of the most hierarchically structured social institutions.
d. The division of labor within the military is unclear.
43. Critics of the privatization of the military argue that
a. it may lure the best talent away from the traditional military if they make more money through private military employment.
b. privatization is much less efficient than retaining all functions within the government funded military.
c. privatization means that new recruits will not have any positions open to them within the military.
d. it may reward conflict over consensus.
a. it may lure the best talent away from the traditional military if they make more money through private military employment.
b. privatization is much less efficient than retaining all functions within the government funded military.
c. privatization means that new recruits will not have any positions open to them within the military.
d. it may reward conflict over consensus.
44. In the military, members of minority groups
a. receive less pay than their White counterparts of similar rank.
b. are generally excluded from higher-status positions likely to bring advancement and higher earnings.
c. are equally likely to have graduated from military academies as Whites.
d. are more likely to serve in the Army than Marines.
a. receive less pay than their White counterparts of similar rank.
b. are generally excluded from higher-status positions likely to bring advancement and higher earnings.
c. are equally likely to have graduated from military academies as Whites.
d. are more likely to serve in the Army than Marines.
54. In general, what has been the impact of global economic restructuring?
a. The global economy has had a positive effect on the U.S. economy in particular, creating many new jobs in the manufacturing sector.
b. In the global economy, assembly-line work is performed in nations with less power globally.
c. State regulation has made the transfer of jobs overseas unattractive to U.S. manufacturers.
d. Economic restructuring has had no real impact globally.
a. The global economy has had a positive effect on the U.S. economy in particular, creating many new jobs in the manufacturing sector.
b. In the global economy, assembly-line work is performed in nations with less power globally.
c. State regulation has made the transfer of jobs overseas unattractive to U.S. manufacturers.
d. Economic restructuring has had no real impact globally.
62. When explaining unemployment, sociologists are likely to argue that
a. women and minorities are taking away jobs from White men.
b. the major causes of unemployment are related to structural problems in the economy.
c. unemployment is caused by the failings of individual workers.
d. the unemployed do not try very hard to find employment.
a. women and minorities are taking away jobs from White men.
b. the major causes of unemployment are related to structural problems in the economy.
c. unemployment is caused by the failings of individual workers.
d. the unemployed do not try very hard to find employment.
63. In terms of the frequency of occurrence of sexual harassment,
a. there is evidence that White women are harassed more often than women of color.
b. the rate has dropped to about only a fourth of working women who are ever harassed.
c. about three percent of sexual harassment cases involve men as the victims.
d. same-gender sexual harassment does not occur.
a. there is evidence that White women are harassed more often than women of color.
b. the rate has dropped to about only a fourth of working women who are ever harassed.
c. about three percent of sexual harassment cases involve men as the victims.
d. same-gender sexual harassment does not occur.
65. Research documenting the changes in labor force participation among different groups indicates that
a. women and minorities are taking jobs away from White men.
b. the jobs historically dominated by White men are growing in number.
c. Black women are just now catching up with White women in terms of rate of employment.
d. the jobs that have tended to be race- and sex-segregated are increasing in number.
a. women and minorities are taking jobs away from White men.
b. the jobs historically dominated by White men are growing in number.
c. Black women are just now catching up with White women in terms of rate of employment.
d. the jobs that have tended to be race- and sex-segregated are increasing in number.
82. Analyses of bureaucracies reveal that
a. those with the least power in a bureaucratic hierarchy are often the most adamant about the need to follow the rules.
b. those who make the rules are also the ones who enforce them.
c. within bureaucracies power and authority are based on personality and who one knows.
d. although there are a lot of rules, anyone in the organization may alter the rules fairly easily.
a. those with the least power in a bureaucratic hierarchy are often the most adamant about the need to follow the rules.
b. those who make the rules are also the ones who enforce them.
c. within bureaucracies power and authority are based on personality and who one knows.
d. although there are a lot of rules, anyone in the organization may alter the rules fairly easily.
84. In the United States, groups such as the National Organization for Women (NOW) and Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) have an impact on what legislation is created. This process is an example of _______ ,
a. the power elite model
b. the authoritarian model
c. the pluralist model
d. the autonomous state model
a. the power elite model
b. the authoritarian model
c. the pluralist model
d. the autonomous state model
89. A bank president may sit on the Board of Trustees for a university, or a CEO in business may also serve as a government representative to important committees. From a sociological perspective this creates _______ .
a. representational democracy
b. pluralism
c. grass roots politics
d. an interlocking directorate
a. representational democracy
b. pluralism
c. grass roots politics
d. an interlocking directorate
91. The United States government has a large number of organizations and departments for various purposes, all run by bureaucrats who are not elected and may be most interested in their own employment, rather than public interests. For which model of state power would this be the most important?
a. pluralist
b. power elite
c. autonomous state
d. populist
a. pluralist
b. power elite
c. autonomous state
d. populist
95. How do voting patterns in the U.S. compare with those of other democratic countries?
a. The U.S. has one of the highest voter turnouts of any democratic country.
b. The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnouts of any democratic country.
c. All democratic nations have roughly the same percentage of voters for any given election.
d. The U.S. does not keep statistics on the percentage of the population voting in a given election.
a. The U.S. has one of the highest voter turnouts of any democratic country.
b. The U.S. has one of the lowest voter turnouts of any democratic country.
c. All democratic nations have roughly the same percentage of voters for any given election.
d. The U.S. does not keep statistics on the percentage of the population voting in a given election.
100. National surveys of the level confidence that people in government find that
a. most people have a great deal of confidence in Congress, but not the Supreme Court.
b. the majority of people have a great deal of confidence in the Supreme Court, but not in Congress.
c. only a small percentage of the national population has much confidence in either Congress or the Supreme Court.
d. the majority of the population has a lot of confidence in both Congress and the Supreme Court.
a. most people have a great deal of confidence in Congress, but not the Supreme Court.
b. the majority of people have a great deal of confidence in the Supreme Court, but not in Congress.
c. only a small percentage of the national population has much confidence in either Congress or the Supreme Court.
d. the majority of the population has a lot of confidence in both Congress and the Supreme Court.
104. The privatization of the military refers to the fact that
a. it is harder and harder to get into the military.
b. it is extremely difficult to get accurate information about military practices.
c. an increasing number of the military's functions are being carried out by forprofit, private corporations.
d. an increasingly large number of new recruits are being kept in the lower ranks and not permitted to pursue promotions.
a. it is harder and harder to get into the military.
b. it is extremely difficult to get accurate information about military practices.
c. an increasing number of the military's functions are being carried out by forprofit, private corporations.
d. an increasingly large number of new recruits are being kept in the lower ranks and not permitted to pursue promotions.
105. The greatest change in recent years in the military as a social institution is
a. the inclusion of college-level coursework as part of basic training.
b. the increase in the representation of racial minority groups and women in the armed services.
c. the increase in the percentage of volunteer recruits that make the military a career.
d. its termination of the previous strong connection that existed between the military and corporate America.
a. the inclusion of college-level coursework as part of basic training.
b. the increase in the representation of racial minority groups and women in the armed services.
c. the increase in the percentage of volunteer recruits that make the military a career.
d. its termination of the previous strong connection that existed between the military and corporate America.
107. Which of these statements regarding gays and lesbians in the military is false?
a. The policy "Don't ask; don't tell" has effectively kept gays and lesbians in the military from being discriminated against.
b. There have long been gays and lesbians in service in the military.
c. Homophobia is very pervasive within military culture.
d. The U.S. military does acknowledge that gays and lesbians have been serving in all branches of the armed forces.
a. The policy "Don't ask; don't tell" has effectively kept gays and lesbians in the military from being discriminated against.
b. There have long been gays and lesbians in service in the military.
c. Homophobia is very pervasive within military culture.
d. The U.S. military does acknowledge that gays and lesbians have been serving in all branches of the armed forces.
1. A college class is studying the impact of bottled water on the environment Which of the following is true about plastic water bottles?
a. They are recycled and not a hazard
b. They are reused in industry
c. They are not recycled and an environmental problem
d. They are not recycled but not an environmental problem
a. They are recycled and not a hazard
b. They are reused in industry
c. They are not recycled and an environmental problem
d. They are not recycled but not an environmental problem
33. For those opposed to permitting the self-selection of more than one race in the U.S. Census, an important argument is that
a. most people don't really know what race they are.
b. there is no such thing as race, so multiracial makes no sense.
c. identifying as multiracial reduces the strength of numbers of already underrepresented minority groups.
d. younger people are more likely to identify as multiracial than older people.
a. most people don't really know what race they are.
b. there is no such thing as race, so multiracial makes no sense.
c. identifying as multiracial reduces the strength of numbers of already underrepresented minority groups.
d. younger people are more likely to identify as multiracial than older people.
35. John is moving to Nigeria. Which of the following best characterizes it's population?
a. It will not be a major contributor to world population growth in the future
b. It has a stable population
c. It is going to decline in population in the future
d. It is one of the eight countries expected to expand population in the future
a. It will not be a major contributor to world population growth in the future
b. It has a stable population
c. It is going to decline in population in the future
d. It is one of the eight countries expected to expand population in the future
37. Cohorts are useful for analyzing all of the following, except
a. the number of people in the population of different ages, at different times.
b. how many high schools and universities will be needed at some time in the future.
c. whether or not the social security system will continue to have funds.
d. the gender ration within a population.
a. the number of people in the population of different ages, at different times.
b. how many high schools and universities will be needed at some time in the future.
c. whether or not the social security system will continue to have funds.
d. the gender ration within a population.
39. World War II contributed to social change in the United States in all of the following ways, except
a. an increased number of women began working outside of the home
b. mass-production increased
c. many men in the service received college educations using the GI Bill
d. technology improved working conditions
a. an increased number of women began working outside of the home
b. mass-production increased
c. many men in the service received college educations using the GI Bill
d. technology improved working conditions
43. How do social movements differ from other types of social organization?
a. Social movements tend to be more bureaucratic and structured than other social organizations.
b. Unlike other social organizations, social movements thrive on spontaneity.
c. Social movements are more long lasting than most other types of social organization.
d. Social movements are smaller in scope than other types of social organization.
a. Social movements tend to be more bureaucratic and structured than other social organizations.
b. Unlike other social organizations, social movements thrive on spontaneity.
c. Social movements are more long lasting than most other types of social organization.
d. Social movements are smaller in scope than other types of social organization.
45. Studies of ecosystems have demonstrated that
a. a disturbance in one element has an impact on the entire system.
b. it is impossible for the social sciences to interconnect with the biological sciences.
c. there are many social problems that are much more pressing than the environment.
d. with proper management all resources can eventually be renewed.
a. a disturbance in one element has an impact on the entire system.
b. it is impossible for the social sciences to interconnect with the biological sciences.
c. there are many social problems that are much more pressing than the environment.
d. with proper management all resources can eventually be renewed.
51. Research on environmental racism indicates that
a. it is probably not done intentionally and many dumps are also located in White neighborhoods.
b. the problem is overstated; it does not occur very often.
c. the location of hazardous wastes near minority neighborhoods is too frequent to be occurring by chance.
d. most of the toxic dumps have now been dismantled and cleaned up.
a. it is probably not done intentionally and many dumps are also located in White neighborhoods.
b. the problem is overstated; it does not occur very often.
c. the location of hazardous wastes near minority neighborhoods is too frequent to be occurring by chance.
d. most of the toxic dumps have now been dismantled and cleaned up.
54. Some groups of people are likely to be undercounted by the Census for various reasons. Why does this matter?
a. The original purpose of the Census was to determine the gross capital product more accurately.
b. The Census is used to apportion representation in government as fairly as possible.
c. Without an accurate population count, it is not possible to provide welfare programs.
d. The U.S. standing in the world is determined in part on the size of our population.
a. The original purpose of the Census was to determine the gross capital product more accurately.
b. The Census is used to apportion representation in government as fairly as possible.
c. Without an accurate population count, it is not possible to provide welfare programs.
d. The U.S. standing in the world is determined in part on the size of our population.
57. Which of these statements best describes current increases in the world's population?
a. The world's population increases arithmetically.
b. The world's population increases in a linear fashion.
c. The world's population increases exponentially.
d. The world's population increases at a rate of about 1000 people per minute.
a. The world's population increases arithmetically.
b. The world's population increases in a linear fashion.
c. The world's population increases exponentially.
d. The world's population increases at a rate of about 1000 people per minute.
61. Compared with other industrialized nations in terms of infant mortality and life expectancy, the U.S.
a. ranks near the bottom, having relatively high infant mortality and lower life expectancy.
b. ranks near the top, having relatively low infant mortality and higher life expectancy.
c. is in the middle; infant mortality is very low, but so is life expectancy.
d. has very high infant mortality and high life expectancy.
a. ranks near the bottom, having relatively high infant mortality and lower life expectancy.
b. ranks near the top, having relatively low infant mortality and higher life expectancy.
c. is in the middle; infant mortality is very low, but so is life expectancy.
d. has very high infant mortality and high life expectancy.
69. The bubonic plague in Europe from 1334 to 1354, the small pox epidemic in 1707 that devastated the populations of Mexico and the West Indies, and today's worldwide AIDS epidemic are alike to the extent that all are _______ .
a. sexually transmitted diseases
b. forms of "positive checks" on population growth
c. types of "preventative checks" of population growth
d. diseases associated primarily with sexual and/or racial minorities
a. sexually transmitted diseases
b. forms of "positive checks" on population growth
c. types of "preventative checks" of population growth
d. diseases associated primarily with sexual and/or racial minorities
71. When making his projections on population, Malthus failed to foresee
a. technological advances in agriculture that have resulted in larger yields.
b. the advances in medicine that prevented diseases from periodically wiping out entire nations.
c. that widespread use of contraceptives in many countries would keep the birthrate low.
d. all of the above
a. technological advances in agriculture that have resulted in larger yields.
b. the advances in medicine that prevented diseases from periodically wiping out entire nations.
c. that widespread use of contraceptives in many countries would keep the birthrate low.
d. all of the above
72. Despite the revolutionary developments that have forestalled his predictions, Malthus made an important contribution by
a. creating the field of demography.
b. bringing attention to the limitations on subsistence and natural resources.
c. promoting the development of better contraceptive.
d. creating positive checks on population increase.
a. creating the field of demography.
b. bringing attention to the limitations on subsistence and natural resources.
c. promoting the development of better contraceptive.
d. creating positive checks on population increase.
77. In The Population Bomb, Paul Ehrlich argues that
a. the population projections of Thomas Malthus were totally in error.
b. quality of the environment has little to do with the growth and health of populations.
c. food production is currently so efficient that availability of food has ceased to be an issue, even on a worldwide basis.
d. worldwide population growth has outgrown food production and that massive starvation must inevitably follow.
a. the population projections of Thomas Malthus were totally in error.
b. quality of the environment has little to do with the growth and health of populations.
c. food production is currently so efficient that availability of food has ceased to be an issue, even on a worldwide basis.
d. worldwide population growth has outgrown food production and that massive starvation must inevitably follow.
78. Studies of the response of men and women to environmental issues indicate that
a. men are more concerned than women about global warming.
b. women perceive themselves to be considerably more at risk from environmental hazards than men are.
c. men are more likely than women to worry about the dangers of pollution for trees, fish, and other wildlife.
d. men and women are equally concerned about these issues.
a. men are more concerned than women about global warming.
b. women perceive themselves to be considerably more at risk from environmental hazards than men are.
c. men are more likely than women to worry about the dangers of pollution for trees, fish, and other wildlife.
d. men and women are equally concerned about these issues.
84. How is technology related to social change?
a. Technological change is always positive for society.
b. Technological innovations may be catalysts for social change.
c. New technologies always become dispersed rather quickly throughout society.
d. There is no relationship between technology and social change.
a. Technological change is always positive for society.
b. Technological innovations may be catalysts for social change.
c. New technologies always become dispersed rather quickly throughout society.
d. There is no relationship between technology and social change.
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