An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Representation of
Structure
1)
Explain what is meant by the term “saturated hydrocarbons.”
Answer:
These are compounds containing only single bonded carbons and hydrogens where each carbon
has the maximum number of hydrogens bonded to it. The alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons.
Section:
3.0
2)
Describe the carbon-carbon bond differences between alkanes, alkene, and alkynes.
Answer:
Alkanes contain only carbon-carbon single bonds. Alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon
double bond. Alkynes contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
Section:
3.0
3)
Explain the relationship between alkanes and gasoline.
Answer:
Petroleum is a complex mixture of alkanes and cycloalkanes that are separated into different
fractions by distillation. 5 to 11-carbon alkanes are used for gasoline. Straight-chain alkanes are
poor fuels so catalytic cracking is used to convert these straight-chain alkanes into branched-chain
alkanes which are high-performance fuels.
Section:
3.0
4)
Explain why alkanes are generally considered unreactive compounds.
Answer:
They are unreactive because they have only strong σ bonds and atoms which have no partial
charges.
Section:
3.0
5)
Which of the following is the best description of propane, CH3CH2CH3, at room temperature?
A)
liquid, soluble in H2O
B)
gas, soluble in gasoline
C)
liquid, soluble in gasoline
D)
gas, soluble in water
E)
solid, soluble in gasoline
Answer:
B
Section:
3.1
6)
The following molecule contains how many 1°, 2°, and 3° hydrogens?
Answer:
12 =1°, 6 =2°, 2 =3°
Section:
3.1
7)
Which of the following is a tertiary amine?
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
Answer:
E
Section:
3.1 and 3.5
8)
There are 8 isomers that have the molecular formula C5H11Br. How many of these are tertiary alkyl
bromides?
A)
0
B)
1
C)
2
D)
3
E)
8
Answer:
B
Section:
3.1
9)
Draw the structure for 3-ethyl-5-isobutyldecane.
Answer:
Section:
3.1
10)
Which of the following is sec-butyl alcohol?
A)
CH3CH2CH2CH2OH
B)
CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3
C)
(CH3)2CHCH2OH
D)
(CH3)2CHOH
E)
(CH3)2CHOCH3
Answer:
B
Section:
3.1
11)
How should (CH3)2C(OH)CH2CH3 be classified?
A)
primary alcohol
B)
secondary alcohol
C)
tertiary alcohol
D)
quarternary alcohol
E)
none of the above
Answer:
C
Section:
3.1 and 3.5
12)
How should CH3CHClCH2CH3 be classified?
A)
primary alkyl halide
B)
secondary alkyl halide
C)
tertiary alkyl halide
D)
quarternary alkyl halide
E)
pentanary alkyl halide
Answer:
B
Section:
3.1 and 3.5
13)
What is the common name for the following structure?
A)
Isobutane
B)
Isopropylmethane
C)
t-Butane
D)
n-Butane
E)
sec-Butane
Answer:
A
Section:
3.2
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