Test Bank for Biological Psychology, 13th Edition, James W. Kalat

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Biological Psychology (13th Edition) – James W. Kalat – Test Bank Chapters 1–2 – Full Question Set with Answers

This document contains a comprehensive set of test bank questions for Chapters 1 and 2 of Biological Psychology (13th edition) by James W. Kalat. It includes true/false, multiple choice, and short answer questions with correct answers clearly indicated. Topics covered range from neuron structure and function, resting potential, and action potentials to synaptic transmission, summation, and neurotransmitter functions. Ideal for students preparing for exams or instructors designing assessments.

Sample Biological Psychology Kalat Questions and Answers

1. Dendrites contain the nuclei, ribosomes, mitochondria, and other structures found in most cells.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

2. Neurons receive information and transmit it to other cells.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

3. Santiago Ramón y Cajal used special staining techniques to reveal that the brain is composed of individual cells.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

4. An efferent axon carries information away from a structure.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

5. The greater the surface area of a dendrite, the more information it can receive from other neurons.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

6. Neurons are distinguished from other cells by their shape.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

7. The role of glial cells is to act like “glue” or scaffolding to support the neurons.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

8. Glial cells transmit information across long distances.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

9. There are two types of glial cells that produce myelin sheath. In the central nervous system, Schwann cells fulfill this role and, in the periphery, oligodendrocytes produce it.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

10. The blood-brain barrier is made up of closely packed glial cells.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

11. The difference in voltage in a resting neuron is called the resting potential.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

12. Increasing the electrical gradient for potassium will reduce the tendency for potassium ions to exit the neuron.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: True

13. At the resting potential, the potassium channels are completely closed and the sodium channels are almost closed.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

14. Dr. Skinner is working in the lab measuring the voltage of neurons, and during one condition, she tried to depolarize the neurons from -70 mV to -80 mV.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

15. Action potentials can be produced in the dendrites of some neurons.

a. True

b. False

ANSWER: False

16. The two basic kinds of cells in the nervous system are _____.

a. neurons and glia

b. dendrites and axons

c. ribosomes and lysosomes

d. neurons and axons

ANSWER: a

17. Santiago Ramon y Cajal demonstrated that ____.

a. at rest, the neuron has a negative charge inside its membrane

b. neurons are separate from one another

c. neurons communicate at specialized junctions called synapses

d. action potentials follow the all-or-none law

ANSWER: b

18. Both ____ and ____ shared the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

a. Golgi and Cajal

b. Cajal and Sherrington

c. Sherrington and Golgi

d. Cajal and Kalat

ANSWER: a

19. Dr. Kimi studies the plasma membrane of neurons. He specifically researches the specialized _____ that allow in important things like water, oxygen, sodium, and so on.

a. lipid channels

b. protein channels

c. lipid receptors

d. protein receptors

ANSWER: b

20. Neurons differ most strongly from other body cells in their ____.

a. temperature

b. shape

c. osmotic pressure

d. mitochondria

ANSWER: b

21. What do neurons have that other cells do not?

a. A plasma membrane

b. Large, branching extensions

c. Protein channels

d. An endoplasmic reticulum

ANSWER: b

22. Dr. McLaughlin’s lab studies how newly formed proteins are folded inside neurons. They would be most interested in studying the _____.

a. endoplasmic reticulum

b. mitochondria

c. ribosomes

d. nucleus

ANSWER: c

23. Water, oxygen, and ____ freely flow across a cell membrane.

a. calcium

b. positively charged ions

c. magnesium

d. carbon dioxide

ANSWER: d

24. The structure that contains a cell’s chromosomes is called the ____.

a. endoplasmic reticulum

b. nucleus

c. mitochondrion

d. ribosome

ANSWER: b

25. Small, charged molecules can cross the cell membrane through ____.

a. diffusion

b. ribosomes

c. mitochondria

d. protein channels

ANSWER: d

26. Professor Lopez studies the specialized _________ in the eye that detect light.

a. motor neurons

b. sensory neurons

c. glial cells

d. interneurons

ANSWER: b

27. Ribosomes are the part of a cell that ____.

a. performs metabolic activities

b. breaks down harmful chemicals

c. transports proteins

d. synthesizes new proteins

ANSWER: d

28. The endoplasmic reticulum is a ____.

a. network of thin tubes that transport newly synthesized proteins

b. site where the cell synthesizes new protein molecules

c. structure that separates the inside of the cell from the outside

d. structure that contains the chromosomes

ANSWER: a

29. Dendrites ____.

a. contain the nucleus, ribosomes, and other structures found in most cells

b. are branching fibers that get narrower near their ends

c. are thin fibers of constant diameter

d. are an insulating material that cover an axon

ANSWER: b

30. The branching fibers that form the information-receiving pole of the nerve cells are called _____.

a. motor neurons

b. dendrites

c. sensory neurons

d. axons

ANSWER: b

31. Professor Xi studies the _____ located on the _____ of neurons in order to better understand how messages are received by the neuron.

a. synaptic receptors; dendrites

b. axons; somas

c. synaptic hillocks; dendrites

d. synaptic receptors; somas

ANSWER: a

32. The tree-like branches of a neuron that receive information from other neurons are called _____.

a. axons

b. dendrites

c. soma

d. myelin

ANSWER: b

33. Many dendrites contain short outgrowths called spines that _____.

a. increase the surface area available for synapses

b. increase the speed of transmission

c. eliminate cell waste products

d. increase the symmetry of the soma

ANSWER: a

34. As compared to dendrites, axons usually ____.

a. form the information-receiving pole of the neuron

b. are shorter in length

c. are covered with myelin

d. taper in diameter toward their periphery

ANSWER: c

35. The insulating material that covers many vertebrate axons is called the ____.

a. dendrite

b. myelin sheath

c. cell body or soma

d. presynaptic terminal

ANSWER: b

36. Jasmine is in her physiology lab practicing labeling a neuron. When she gets to the nodes of Ranvier, she will be labeling ______.

a. the spiny outgrowths on dendrites

b. the myelin sheath

c. the swelling at the end of the axon

d. the gaps in the myelin sheath along the axon

ANSWER: d

37. Gaps in the insulating material that surrounds axons are known as ____.

a. interpeduncular nuclei

b. nodes of Ranvier

c. myelin synapses

d. presynaptic terminals

ANSWER: b

38. A presynaptic terminal is also known as ____.

a. an end bulb

b. a node of Ranvier

c. myelin

d. a spine

ANSWER: a

39. An axon has many branches, each of which swells at its tip. These are known as ____.

a. presynaptic terminals

b. efferent axons

c. afferent axons

d. intrinsic neurons

ANSWER: a

40. Professor Case studies how drugs of abuse change the amount of chemical that neurons release from the presynaptic terminal into the ______.

a. dendritic terminal

b. junction between neurons

c. afferent space

d. nucleus

ANSWER: b

41. Neurons typically have one ____, but many ____.

a. dendrite; axons

b. axon; dendrites

c. cell body; axons

d. dendrite; cell bodies

ANSWER: b

42. As a general rule, axons convey information ____.

a. toward dendrites of their own cell

b. toward their own cell body

c. away from their own cell body

d. to surrounding glia

ANSWER: c

43. If you were to accidentally touch a hot stove with your hand, you would quickly pull your hand away. The information carried to the muscles in your arm to make them contract was carried by ____.

a. efferent neurons

b. afferent neurons

c. intrinsic neurons

d. sensory neurons

ANSWER: a

44. If all of a neuron’s dendrites or axons were contained within the spinal cord, it would be considered a(n) ____ neuron.

a. efferent

b. afferent

c. intrinsic

d. Purkinje

ANSWER: c

45. What type of neuron in the pons receives information only from other cells in the pons and sends information only to other cells in the pons?

a. Afferent

b. Efferent

c. Intrinsic

d. Inter-synaptic

ANSWER: c

46. Professor Peach is lecturing in her class about glial cells. She will tell her class that glial cells ______.

a. are less common than neurons in the human nervous system.

b. are responsible for transmitting information within the peripheral nervous system.

c. are the “glue” that holds all of the neurons together in the brain.

d. are not as well studied as neurons but have been shown to perform many important functions in the nervous system.

ANSWER: d

47. What type of glia helps to synchronize the activity of axons?

a. Oligodendrocytes

b. Astrocytes

c. Radial glia

d. Schwann cells

ANSWER: b

48. Which type of glia remove waste material in the nervous system?

a. Astrocytes

b. Schwann cells

c. Oligodendrocytes

d. Radial glia

ANSWER: a

49. What type of glial cells myelinate axons in the brain and spinal cord?

a. oligodendrocytes

b. Schwann cells

c. radial glia

d. astrocytes

ANSWER: a

50. Which type of glia release chemicals that modify the activity of neighboring neurons?

a. Astrocytes

b. Schwann cells

c. Oligodendrocytes

d. Radial glia

ANSWER: a

51. Which type of glia builds myelin sheaths around axons in the periphery of the body?

a. Astrocytes

b. Schwann cells

c. Oligodendrocytes

d. Radial glia

ANSWER: b

52. ____ in the brain and spinal cord and ____ in the periphery are specialized types of glia that build the myelin sheaths that surround neurons.

a. Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells

b. Schwann cells; oligodendrocytes

c. Microglia; oligodendrocytes

d. Radial glia; Schwann cells

ANSWER: a

53. Dr. Pautz studies the immune system and has recently become interested in the glial cells that function similar to other cells in the immune system. What cells has Dr. Pautz started exploring?

a. Schwann cells

b. Microglia

c. Astrocytes

d. Radial glia

ANSWER: b

54. Radial glia ____.

a. guide the migration of neurons during embryonic development

b. synchronize the activity of axons

c. wrap around the presynaptic terminals of several axons

d. build the myelin sheaths that surround and insulate certain axons

ANSWER: a

55. What mechanism prevents or slows some chemicals from entering the brain, while allowing others to enter?

a. A threshold

b. A blood-brain barrier

c. An endoplasmic wall

d. A differential-drug inhibitor

ANSWER: b

56. Andrew was exposed to the chicken pox virus as a child. What happened to that virus after it crossed the blood-brain barrier and entered Andrew’s brain?

a. Andrew’s natural killer cells were able to quickly destroy it.

b. The glia in his brain engulfed the virus and then natural killer cells destroyed them both.

c. Nothing happened since the chicken pox virus cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

d. Nothing happened at first, but the virus remained there and caused negative effects for Andrew as he got older.

ANSWER: d

57. Molecules that can cross the blood-brain barrier are usually ____.

a. large, uncharged molecules, such as lactose

b. large, charged molecules

c. neurotransmitters, such as dopamine

d. molecules that can dissolve in the fats of the capillary walls

ANSWER: d

joeycham
03 March 2022 13:42:41

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